Sociology Exam 4
secondary
In the _________ labor market, jobs tend to be less secure, low paid, and without benefits. Often these jobs are "dirty, difficult, and dangerous" (3-d jobs).
38, 6.2, 46
Infant mortality rates as of 2014: World: __ deaths per 1000 live births, US: __ deaths per 1000 live births (US is ranked __)
land, small
The most essential feature of estate systems of stratification is that most of the _____ is owned by a ____ number of people.
profane
The opposite of sacred is ________, which is ordinary or mundane.
public squares, Tahrir Square, internet
Facilities in the Arab Spring were mostly ______ ______ (especially _____ ______), and the _______, although this was eventually shut down.
high, high, slow, high, low, fast, growth, low, low, slow
Demographic Transition: Stage 1: ____ birth rates, ____ death rates = ____ population change. Stage 2: ____ birth rates, ____ death rates = ____ population ______. Stage 3: ____ birth rates, ____ death rates = ____ population change.
disenfranchisement
Depriving people of the right to vote because of felony convictions is called felon ________________.
the same
Devah Pager found that black job applicants with no criminal record had ________ chances of moving forward as white applicants with a felony drug conviction.
sustainability
Developmental and consumption that satisfies a society's current needs without imperiling the ability of future generations to do the same is called:
life chances
Dominant group members tend to have more capital that pays off in terms of ____ ________.
systematic
Dominant group privilege benefits are _________, so recipients do not really have to think about them.
Boston University
Dr. King got his doctorate from a non-HBCU, _______ _________.
Environmental Protection Agency
EPA is the __________ _________ ________.
mother, prenatal, postnatal, sufficient nutritious, diarrhea
Factors affecting baby life and death include the health of the ______, ________ doctor visits for mother, the availability and affordability of _________ medical care, the availability of ________ ________ food, and safe food and water - ________ can kill babies.
public health measures, nutrition, medical care
Factors responsible for the mortality decline since 1750 include the introduction of _____ _____ _______, improved _________, and improved ________ ____.
childhood, mothers
Most people develop their allegiances to a particular faith in their _________, with their ______ playing a critical role in the process.
White Privilege
Unearned advantages and benefits that accrue to "white" (or lighter skinned) people by virtue of a system that establishes the experiences, values, and perceptions of their group as the norm and what is most desired or esteemed.
person-to-person
The network recruitment principle that was well illustrated by the Freedom Summer is that getting people to join a group or activity is primarily a _____________ phenomenon.
absolute deprivation
The poverty lines established by Mollie Orshansky were attempts to set thresholds for ______ _________.
Stonewall Riots, 1969, Stonewall
The precipitating event for the GLBT movement was the ______ ____ in ____. Police made routine raid on _________ Inn, a Greenwich Village bar illegally selling liquor to homosexuals in New York.
self-immolation, Tahrir Square, Cairo, 3, 800
The precipitating events for the Arab Spring include the ______________ of a 26 year-old Tunisian street vendor (which was all over the internet) and the protests in _____ _____ in _____. These lasted nearly __ weeks and nearly ___ people were killed.
Rosa Parks, Emmit Till
The precipitating events of the Civil Rights movement include the arrest of ____ ______ in 1955, and the murder of _____ _____.
confinement, house, domesticity
The problem identified by Betty Friedan in The Feminine Mystique as "the problem with no name" is the problem of stifling ____________ to the _______ and ________
1960, 1980, civil rights, anti-war, breadwinner, consciousness-raising, Civil Rights Act
The second wave of the women's rights movement took place between the ____s and the early ____s. It emerged out of the _____ _______ and ________ movements. It's main success was liberating women from the ___________ system, both in consciousness and in practice. ___________-_______ was a major focus of the movement. Women were included in the _____ ______ ___ of 1964.
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution of disease
hidden curriculum
The term _______ __________ refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
religious experience
The term _______ __________ refers to the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion.
tracking
The term ________ refers to the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria.
charismatic
The term __________ authority refers to power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
sexual assault
The third wave of the women's rights movement has been going on since the ____s. This wave is more ________ than the previous waves as it focuses on women of color, poor women, and women beyond the US. It is mostly concerned with _______ ________.
economic, social, political/power
The three factors that Weber focused on are ______, ______, and _______.
Sects, Churches, Cults
The three types of religious organizations are ____, ______, and _____
Hispanics, African Americans
The two largest racial/ethnic minority groups in the US are _________ followed by _________.
15, 105
There are __ HBCUs in Alabama (including Tuskegee University), and __ in the nation.
7
There are approximately __ billion people in the world
primary, secondary
There are two sectors in the labor market: the _______ and the ________.
educated, underemployed
There were many _________ but __________ people in Egypt at the time of the Arab Spring. This especially applied to young adults.
Domhoff's
_________ model of power relations agreed that there was a power elite, but felt that it was made up of a combination of the social upper class, the corporate community, and the policy-formation organizations.
infectious
__________ diseases are far more common causes of death in poor (less developed) countries than in rich countries.
Anti-miscegenation
_________________ laws are laws making it illegal to marry someone of a different race. At one time or another a majority of states in US have had such laws.
Oberlin College
the first institution of higher learning to admit female students was _______ _______ in 1833
False
(T/F) Since 1980, income inequality in the US has steadily decreased.
Marx's, communist utopia
"From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs" is ______ description of life in the ________ _______.
follow the stereotypes
"You gettin' uppity, boy?" was a phrase used in Jim Crow days to pressure minority group members to:
tariff
A tax imposed on imports and exports.
Sects
A small group of people who have joined together voluntarily in order to have a personal religious experience. Leaders are usually lay. Tend to set themselves apart from society, and are fussy about the beliefs of those accepted for membership. Often are anti-establishment, appealing to alienated people who reject society and status quo.
life expectancy
The mean age at death if the underlying death rates don't change.
symbolic
_________ capital consists of resources due to honor, prestige, fame, etc.
Infectious, contagious, communicable, parasitical, degenerative, chronic, accidents, suicide, homicide
1) _________, __________, __________, and _______ diseases - e.g. diarrhea diseases, pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, flu, malaria, etc. 2) ____________ diseases - e.g. heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes. Also called _______ diseases. 3) Other - includes _______, _______, and _______.
W.E.B. DuBois, Jane Addams
2 of the founders of NAACP:
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
A 1967 movie starring Spencer Tracy, Katherine Hepburn, and Sidney Poitier. Poitier played an impossibly perfect black man who had become engaged to Tracy and Hepburn's daughter. The movie concerned the first meeting of the two sets of parents, at the Tracy/Hepburn home. Though the focus was Tracy coming to grips with his daughter marrying a Black man, one powerful scene involved Poitier's father urging his son not to marry a white woman.
migration
A change of residence that crosses an "important" border.
church
A cult in one society may be a _____ in another.
Problem of Theodicy
A difficult problem for religions is explaining why some good people suffer while some foul people flourish. This is called the _______ __ _______.
purchase, record player, return
A dispute about the _______ of a _____ ______ and the attempt to _____ it apparently started the lynching described by Carmer in Stars Fell On Alabama.
Education
A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
True
A majority of legal permanent residents in the US are related by blood or marriage to a US citizen.
Mohammed ElBaradei
A secular leader in the Arab Spring who had a law degree from US (NYU) and was the former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Cults
A small group of people who have joined together voluntarily for a spiritual experience. They are different enough to be in tension with dominant society.
religion
A social phenomenon that consists of beliefs about the sacred; the experiences, practices and rituals that reinforce those beliefs; and the community that shares similar beliefs and practices.
Credentialism
A term used to describe an increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field.
1/2
About ____ of Americans report that "Religion is Very Important", and report praying daily. (2014 data)
biographical availability
According to McAdams, persons with limited commitments and involvements are more likely to participate in social movements. This concept is known as __________ ________.
formal operational
According to Piaget, college students are mostly likely to be in the ________ _________ stage of development.
new social movement
According to the ___ ______ _________ theory, social movements arise when people are motivated by value issues and social identity questions.
pluralist model
According to the ______ _____, many competing groups within the community have access to government officials, so that no single group is dominant.
relative deprivation
According to the _______ ________ approach, social movements are especially likely to arise when rising expectations are frustrated.
resource mobilization
According to the _______ _________ approach, the success of social movements depends on which resources are available and how effectively they are used.
go home, struggle, powerless, reassert
After a successful movement, members may just declare victory and __ ____ (enjoy the victory, don't keep fighting) Beneficiaries of the movement may not appreciate the _______ that went into it. Ancien Regime (the status quo that inspired the movement) may be stunned but not _______, and may be able to _______ control.
Muslim Brotherhood, military
After the Arab Spring, the ______ _______ won the first election, but was overthrown by the ________.
20, 35, 0, 4
Age specific migration has two peaks: 1) ages __ to __ 2) ages __ to __
more
Americans are ____ religious than people in other rich societies.
more
Among adults, the older you are, the ____ likely you are to die.
human ecology
An area of study concerned with the interrelationships between people and their spatial setting and physical environment.
urban ecology
An area of study that examines social change in cities.
fundamentalism
An emphasis on doctrinal conformity and the literal interpretation of sacred texts.
Social Movement
An organized, collective activity to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society.
University of Alabama, George Wallace
Another Fred Gray lawsuit compelled the _______ __ ________ to admit two students for Summer 1963. Governor ______ _______ had promised in campaign to "stand in the schoolhouse door" if the federal government made Alabama schools desegregate. He kept his promise at Foster Auditorium, then relented when JFK sent the National Guard.
worldview
Beliefs express _________: culture's most comprehensive view of how the world - nature, self, and society - is organized.
models of reality
Beliefs provide ______ __ ______, or information and framework for interpreting world around us.
models for reality
Beliefs provide ______ ___ _______, or how the world should be.
Civil religion
Beliefs, practices, and symbols that a nation holds sacred. Not an "organized religion".
decentralized
Black church was largely ___________.
Black Like Me
Book by John Howard Griffin. It portrays the South seen around 1960 through the eyes of a white journalist passing for a black man. A movie based on the book was made in 1964.
assimilation, pluralism, continued subjugation of minorities, legal protection of minorities, population transfer, genocide
Bowling's 6 forms of intergroup contact: ___________, ____________, ______ _______ __ __________, _____ ________ __ _________, _________ ______, and ________.
farm
Cesar Chavez was a ____ labor organizer
grape growers, United Farm Workers, grape
Cesar Chavez's greatest success was achieving contracts between _____ ________ and his _____ _______ _______ union following 1965 nation-wide _____ boycott.
True
Ceteris paribus, low SES (socioeconomic status) is a strong predictor of poor health. That is, people with lower SES tend to have worse health than those high on SES.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Civil rights organization established in 1909.
County line
In the US, if a person moves across a _____ ____, they have migrated.
credentialism
Conflict theorists observe that _______________ may reinforce social inequality since applicants from poor and minority backgrounds lack the funds to get a multiple degrees, or go to college at all.
Cesar Chavez
Considered the M.L. King of the Hispanic rights movement.
3
Efforts to improve status of women in US seen as being in __ waves.
Population at some earlier time + births - deaths + inmigration - outmigration
Estimating Equation: the population at some time=
Theodicy
Explanation for the presence of evil, suffering, and death.
hajj
For Muslims, a very important ritual is the _____, a pilgrimage to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
social, cultural, symbolic
From a sociologists point of view, ______, _________, and _________ are the three kinds of capital.
economic, financial, human
From an economists point of view, _______, ___________, and ______ capital are the three kinds of capital.
Catholic, Conservative/evangelical protestant, Mainline protestant, less
In the US, the Northeast is predominantly ________, the South is predominantly _________/_________ ________, the Midwest is predominantly ________ _______, and the West is ____ of everything.
primary
In the _______ labor market, jobs are relatively safe, secure, and reasonably paid, with benefits.
collective discrimination, minority, resources
Gays rapidly came to see treatment such as it being illegal to sell alcohol to homosexuals as ___________ ___________. This "consciousness raising" transformed them from being a group receiving negative treatment into a _______ group. GLBT community had lots of _________.
despotic, weak, few, democracy, secularization, women
Grievances across the Arab world that led to the Arab Spring in Egypt include a ________ government, a ____ economy with ___ jobs, lack of ________, various opinions on ___________, and the treatment of _______.
disciplined followers
HBCU students served as ______ ________ for the civil rights movement.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
HBCUs are:
politics
Harold Lasswll defined ________ as "who gets what, when, and how".
False
Health in the US tends to be much better than health in England.
change
Ideas of what is right and wrong ______ over time
age is strongly related to death
The most important fact about mortality is that ___ __ ______ ______ __ _____.
clean water, waste disposal, immunizations, disease
Improved public health measures included ____ _______, clean _____ _______, and ___________. These measures help avoid ______.
60
In 2010, median black household income was __ percent of the median white household income.
military, Abdul Fattah el-Sisi
In 2013, and Coup d'Etat (revolution against the government) led by the ________ ousted Morsi, and the leader of the coup, _____ _____ ________ was "elected" president.
failed, repressive
In 2015, it appears that Arab Spring largely _______, and that the Egyptian government is growing more _________ all the time.
toward
In Birmingham in 1963, M.L. King and others lead demonstrations against downtown segregation. Bull Connor used dogs and fire hoses to shut down the protest. When seen on TV and in magazines, this swayed the public opinion _______ King's cause.
West, churches
In US, we see cults in the ____, where there are aren't very strong ______.
most votes, single
In a "first-past-the-post" electoral system, the candidate who gets the ____ ____ in a ______ seat district gets the seat
traditional
In a political system based on _________ authority, legitimate power is conferred by custom and accepted practice (i.e. a king or emperor).
higher
In a progressive tax system, tax rates are ______on richer people than poorer people.
Mohamed Morsi
In a quick election after the Arab Spring, _______ _____ was elected president (53% to 47%) in June 2012.
the fair and square principle
In his famous "Letter from the Birmingham Jail", Martin Luther King says, "History is the long and tragic story of the fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily." Which principle of stratification does this statement reflect?
mobilization, leadership, finances, facilities
In order for a social movement to succeed, it must achieve an effective _________ of people and resources. That is, it helps to have effective ___________, committed and disciplined members, and the necessary _______ and _________.
external allies, neutralize, governments, military
In order for a social movement to succeed, it must be able to enlist _______ _____ from other major groups, or at least __________ them. __________ are particularly useful because of their resources (courts, legislation, law enforcement). The ________ in some places is important as well.
external opposition, counter-movements
In order for a social movement to succeed, it must withstand or overcome ______ __________. Usually a movement will generate _______________, since those benefiting from status quo will resist.
Act
In religion, believing is not enough; believer must also ___.
poorly
In terms of life expectancy and infant mortality rates, the United States does ______ in comparison with similar (developed) countries.
run for president
In the Arab Spring, The current president led a military takeover, then left the military to ___ ___ ______.
culture
In the TED talk about poverty, what does Rosling argue is the most important goal for development?
economic growth
In the TED talk about poverty, what does Rosling argue is the most important means for development?
21, 47, 23
In the US as of 2014, __ percent are Catholic, __ percent are Protestant, and __ percent are "nones" (atheist, agnostic, or just nothing)
Franklin v Parker, Fred Gray
In this 1963 case, Federal Appeals Court ruled that Auburn must admit Harold Franklin, a black graduate of Alabama State. Franklin entered graduate school in 1964. The law suit was filed by ___ ____, lawyer to Rosa Parks and M.L. King.
0, live births, 1000
Infant mortality rate is calculated by dividing the deaths of __ year-olds in year by the number of ___ _____, and then multiplying the result by ___.
Church
Institutionalized group in a relatively comfortable relationship with larger society.
Peaceful, 1964, 1967, 1969
Integration at Auburn was relatively _________. The first black undergraduates were admitted in Fall ____. The first black basketball player at Auburn was in ____, and the first black football player was in ____.
within, compete, cooperate
It must be able to overcome conflict ______ the movement. When movements arise in response to widely shared grievances and when substantial resources are available, the movement will tend to develop a number of separate organizations, which may _______ or _________.
were not
Jim Crow-like attitudes _____ restricted to the South.
non-violent, should
King was ________, while other groups like the Black Panthers and Malcolm X felt that blacks _______ strike back.
timing, methods
King's ______ and _______ were not always agreed with.
transmitting, social, political, social control, change
Latent functions of education include: __________ culture, promoting ______ and _______ integration, maintaining _____ ______, and serving as an agent of _______.
Contact Hypothesis
Lawyers and others involved in efforts to integrate public schools felt that if whites and blacks had a lot of contact with each other (like in school), prejudice would go away. This idea is called the _______ __________.
68.1, 79.6, 42
Life expectancy rates as of 2014: World: __ years, US: __ years (the US is ranked __)
elite model
Like others who hold to an _____ _______ of power relations, Marx believed that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
food, passion, sexes,
Malthus's two postulates are: 1) ____ is necessary to the existence of man, and 2) the ______ between the _____ is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state.
defines, divine, explanation,
Manifest functions of religion: 1) religion ______ the spiritual world, and gives meaning to the ______. 2) religion provides an _________ for events that are difficult to understand
creationists
Many people in the US strongly adhere to this biblical explanation of creation and even insist that it be taught in public schools. These people are called ________
division, hierarchy, rules, regulations, impersonality, technical
Max Weber's five basic characteristics of bureaucracy: 1) _______ of labor 2) _________ of authority 3) Written _____ and ________ 4) _____________ 5) Employment based of ________ qualifications
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Max Weber's pioneering work "___ ________ _____ ___ ___ _____ __ _______" carefully examines the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development.
1900, germ theory
Medical care has only really improved since about ____. The ____ ______ of disease was a crucial intellectual starting point for this.
within, endogamy
Members of a minority group tend to marry ______ the group. This is known as _______.
ascribed
Membership of a minority group is usually _________.
lower, younger
Mexico has a _____ CDR than the US because it has a _______ population.
exclusion, exploitation, degradation, inferiority
Minority group members suffer various disadvantages at the hands of the dominant group, including ________ from desirable things, economic ___________, social ___________, and ideological ___________.
oneness
Minority groups have a strong sense of ______.
socially visible
Minority is marked by ________ ________ characteristics.
high, 30
Mortality has been ____ throughout most of human history (life expectancy less than __).
1700
Mortality rates began to decline in Europe in ____s
HBCU graduates
Most civil rights movement leaders were _____ ________.
internal
Most migration is ______.
food insecurity
Most of the hungry in East Alabama do not suffer from outright starvation. Instead they suffer from ____ _________.
equal protection
Often ______ ________ is exactly what the dominant group does NOT want for socially disvalued groups.
Gebhard v Belton
One of the cases in the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka combined case. This case in Delaware involved black children who were bussed past white schools.
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
One of the cases in the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka combined case. This case in Kansas involved black children walked past a white school on the way to the black school.
Briggs v Elliott
One of the cases in the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka combined case. This case in South Carolina involved one parent initially requesting a bus to take black children to schools, and eventually asking for equality in schools from top to bottom.
Davis v County School Board of Prince Edward County
One of the cases in the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka combined case. This case in Virginia involved high school students who went on strike for a new, segregated high school building.
Bolling v Sharpe
One of the cases in the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka combined case. This case took place in Washington DC.
public opinion, mass media
One way to get external allies is to win the _____ _______ to your side, often through the use of ____ _____.
grievances, chaos, peace
Overcoming initial opponents may not be enough to succeed in resolving __________; it may create _____, where the best prepared can put their priorities in place. It is not enough to win the war; you must win the _____.
Civil Rights movement
The most important social movement in recent history is the _____ ______ _________, which served as a template for many other movements all over the world.
50, white
Peggy McIntosh wrote an article in which she discussed __ benefits she gets by being ______.
interpret, activities
People experience religion through: 1) using it to _______ the world 2) _________ such as prayer and attendance at services.
likely, less, unlikely
People in poor countries especially _______ to report religion as very important in their lives. Rich countries are ____ likely to report this. Former communist bloc (Eastern Europe) countries are especially _______ to report this.
rational-legal
Power made legitimate by law (the written rules and regulations of a political system) is know as _______________ authority.
Chicanismo
Pride for people of Mexican decent
mortality
Reductions in ________ are primarily responsible for the explosion in population in the past two centuries.
Privilege
Refers to rights or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit because they are members of the dominant group.
Cultural Universal, Every, content, consequences, questions, integration, conflict
Religion in a ________ _________. ______ society has some kind of religion. Universality does not extend to religious _______. Universality suggests religion has important __________. Religions answer universal ________. Religions are also important for social ________ and ______.
consumption, shop, compete, holidays
Religion in many ways is a form of ______________. People ____ for a church and many churches _______ for members. Religious _________ often encourage spending.
older, poor
Religion seems to be more important to ____ and ____ people.
beliefs
Religious ______ are interrelated ideas that explain the world and that identify what should be sacred.
cosmogony, cosmology
Religious belief systems usually include a __________ (story about how and why world was created) or ___________ (explanation of how world operates).
grievance, hope, possibility of success, precipitating event, networks
Requirements for a social movement to occur: 1) Some members of the society must share a _________ which they want to correct. 2) These people must have ____ - they must think there is some _________ __ ______. 3) Often, but not always, a ________ ______ will ignite pent-up feelings and convince people that the time for action has arrived. 4) People are recruited by social movements through ________ of attachments, such as a church congregation or a labor union.
mobilization, facilities, gatherings
Ritual can be crucial for social change and cultural innovation; it can be used for ___________, and sites for ritual (e.g., churches) can become ________ for use of movements. __________ for ritual allow leaders to deliver ideas to large numbers of people.
source, characterize, boundaries, means
Rituals can help: 1) identify the _____ of problem 2) _________ the source as evil 3) mark _________ between "us" and "them" 4) give some _____ for working on problem.
micro
Secularization on the _____ level is that religious experiences are less intense and that religion is less important relative to other experiences.
macro
Secularization on the _____ level is the declining power of organized religion and the loss of functions (e.g., education, politics, judicial)
Ritual
Set of regularly repeated, prescribed [required], and traditional behaviors that serve to symbolize some value or belief.
An American Dilemma: the Negros problem and modern democracy, Gunnar Myrdahl
The 1944 book "__ ________ _________: ___ ______ _________ ___ ______ ________" by Swedish sociologist/ economist ______ ______ is considered a landmark book affecting attitudes of intellectuals towards US-style racism.
no
Sociologists thought the 20th century rise of science and education would do in organized religion in the U.S. Did this happen?
religiosity, secularization
Sociologists today see a trend in which increasing __________ is coexisting with entrenched and expanding ____________.
prayers, meditation, dietary restrictions, holidays
Some rituals (like _______) communicate devotion. Some (like _________) help organize adherent's daily life. Some (like _____ _________) frame daily life. Some (like ________) celebrate cycles of nature.
Underground
Some social scientists identify a third sector, the ___________ labor market, in which jobs are largely off the books and evade all legal protections.
Soviet Union, elderly, crisis of succession, Tunisia, size
Sources of hope in Egypt for their revolution included the fall of the ______ _____, the fact that their dictator was ______ (anticipating a _____ __ _______), the fall of _______, and the ____ of protests in Egypt.
Jim Crow system
Southern system characterized by legal and/or customary restrictions on education , access to courts, voting, good jobs, and migration.
targets, eliminated, reduced
Successes can become _______; If successes come at continuing cost to actors with power, they will face continuing pressure to be _________ or _______.
reduced
Th US aided the Arab Spring by ________ support for the regime in terms of financial aid.
equal protection
The 14th Amendment states: "Section 1. ...nor shall any state ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the _____ _________ of the laws"
self-interest, ruin
The main point of Garrett Hardin's influential article ""The Tragedy of the Commons" is that each individual acting in his or her own ___________ will, in the long run, bring ____ to everyone.
Auburn, Alabama A&M, Tuskegee
The 3 Alabama land-grants are ______, ________ ___, and ________
14th
The Brown v Board of Education of Topeka case was decided on the basis of the equal protection clause of the ____ Amendment.
church, NAACP, HBCUs
The Civil Rights network of attachments (allies) included black ______, the ________, and _______.
Civil Religion
The Constitution, revered locations like Gettysburg, and community rituals like the 4th of July parades and fireworks are all examples of elements of _____ _______ in the US.
black, white,
The Emmit Till murder is widely known in the _____ community, and widely unknown in the _____ community. He was beaten and shot and thrown in a river because he spoke to a white woman.
veterans
The Jim Crow system was especially irritating to returning ________ who fought for ideals they weren't allowed to enjoy.
network, court system
The NAACP contributed to the civil rights movement by establishing a _______ of civil rights proponents all over the country, and by establishing and perfecting a strategy of using the ______ _______.
allies, neutralize, judiciary
The NAACP strategy for using the courts involved getting _____, using appeals to the Supreme court to ________ local courts, and using the power of the _________.
Obergefell v Hodges
The Supreme Court ruling supporting same sex marriage (___________________ in 2015) was based on the "Equal Protection Clause" of 14th Amendment.
8, 5
The US CDR is __ deaths per thousand people in the population. The Mexican CDR is __ deaths per thousand.
300
The US population is a little over ___ million
Mill's, power elite
The _____ model, described a small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who controlled the fate of the US. Power rested in the hands of a few, both inside and outside government, called the _____ ______
English department
The ______ _________ at Alabama State was important in organizing the bus boycott.
crude (CDR)
The ______ death rate gives the overall probability
elderly, infants, young children
The ______ have the highest chance of dying, followed by _____ and _____ _______.
sacred
The ______ is the religion's ultimate concerns, things that should be held in awe. This can be almost anything: places (e.g., Jerusalem), ideas (e.g., freedom), things (e.g., altars, cows, holy books).
reduction, capital gains
The _______ in the ______ ___ tax rate is a change in the US tax code that has been enacted in recent decades and has disproportionately benefited the wealthy.
age-specific
The ________ death rate gives the chances of dying for each age.
evolutionary
The ________ perspective states that social change moves society in a definite positive direction, frequently from simple to more complex.
conflict
The _________ perspective says that social change can correct social injustices and inequalities.
Lovings
The __________ (she black and Native American and he white) were Virginia residents who went to Washington, DC to marry, then returned home to Virginia. They were arrested in bed for violating Virginia's anti-miscegenation law, part of which made it a felony to leave the state to contract an interracial marriage and return to VA.
functionalist
The ___________ perspective says that social change must contribute to society's stability (equilibrium). Modest adjustments must be made to accommodate social change.
Massachusetts
The _____________ state ruling allowing same sex marriage in 2003 on the basis of state constitution really got the legal ball rolling for same sex marriage.
power
The ability to influence the behavior of others even in the absence of consent is Weber's definition of _____.
Montgomery Bus Boycott, trivial
The arrest of Rosa Parks led to the ________ ___ ______. The arrest itself was seen as a ______, everyday event.
Infant mortality
The chances a newborn will die before age 1.
educated, emotions, analytical, workshops
The civil rights movement leadership was successful because black leaders were well _________. Dr. King and others effectively reached people's _______, but were also very _________. Many ________ prepared leaders and followers for non-violence.
Belief, Ritual, Experience, Community
The components of religion are _____, _____ and _______, and __________.
equal, higher, cooperation, mutual, personal, socially approved, violates stereotypes
The conditions under which dominant-minority group member contact leads to reduction in prejudice: 1) When the minority has _____ or ______ status in the contact situation. 2) When contact involves __________ directed towards _______ goals. 3) When contact is ________ 4) When contact is _______ _________ 5) When behavior of the minority group ________ __________
Muslim Brotherhood, Mosques, Young people, social media, Facebook.
The conservative networks of the Arab Spring were the ______ _________, and the _______. The progressive and urban networks were mostly _____ ______, connected through _____ _____, especially ________.
anti-semitism, Jim Crow South
The contact hypothesis was supported by studies of _____________, however it was unsupported by the ___ _____ ______.
KKK, Jim Crow, White Citizens Councils, Governors
The counter-movements to the civil rights movement included the _____, and ordinary enforcement of ___ ______ which were already in place. The _____ ______ ______ also emerged as an upper class version of the Klan. ________ also moved strongly to support segregation.
church buildings
The decentralization of Baptists and others left ______ ________ mostly in the hands of the congregation.
Secularization
The declining significance of religion; this is sometimes called the transformation of the holy and the sacred to the worldly and profane.
fair and square, homeostasis, conflict, in-group, denigration, trouble makers, address
The fact that the privileged tend to resist giving up their benefits even if they are not explicitly aware of them reflects the ____ ___ _____ principle and the ____________/______ postulate. Evidence of this fact is seen in the protection of _________ members, the ________ of change agents (aka the "_______ ______"), and the unwillingness to ________ the issue.
True
The failure of SNCC's Freedom Summer Project to achieve its voter registration goals actually had more of the national impact SNCC wanted than if their project had succeeded in achieving its voter registration goals.
1848, 1920, abolitionist, 19, education, property, White House
The first wave of the women's rights movement took place between ____ and ____. It emerged from the _________ movement. the __th amendment was most obvious success. _________ and _______ rights also important. Demonstrations at the _____ ______ were effective.
grow, exceed, feed, misery, vice
The great insurmountable difficulty Malthus identifies on the path toward the perfectibility of society is that in a perfect society, the population would ____ at a rat that would eventually ______ the ability of the society to ____ itself; the result of an imbalance between numbers and subsistence would certainly be ______ and probably be ____.
American creed, integration
The hopes of the civil rights movement were post-was reinforcement of the _________ _____, and ________ of military.
teacher-expectancy effect
The impact that a teacher's expectations of a student's performance may have on the student's actual achievements.
True
The import-substituting industrialization (ISI) strategy used by many countries over the years to encourage industrialization within a country tries to nurture the country's industries in the face of international competitors.
globalization
The integration of economic activities across national borders is call:
rewards, social categories
The key sociological insight into social stratification is that social _____ are distributed to individuals largely on the basis of the ______ _________ with which the individual is associated.
heart disease, cancer, COPD
The leading causes of death in US : 1) _______ _______, 2) ______, and 3) ____
Loving v Virginia
This Supreme Court decision in 1967 declared anti-miscegenation laws to be unconstitutional.
vested interests
Thorstein Veblen coined the term ______ ______ to refer to those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change.
working poor
Those who work but earn too little to escape poverty status are referred to as the _______ ____.
resist
Though not explicitly aware of their benefits, the privileged tend to _______ giving them up.
11, 90
Today, about __ percent of black college students attend HBCUs, as opposed to the __ percent that attended them in 1960.
infrastructure, transportation, communication, economic systems
Two things had to occur before globalization could really take off in the 19th century: 1) A change in ____________ for __________ and __________, and 2) A transformation of ________ _______
structural mobility
Upward mobility made possible by an expansion of better-paid occupations at the expense of more poorly paid ones is called ________ _______
international, in-migration
Usually countries are most concerned with __________ migration, especially __________.
Protestant reformation, protestant ethic
Weber pointed out that the followers of John Calvin, a leader of the _________ _________, emphasized a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life that he termed the ________ ______.
traditional, rational-legal, charismatic
Weber's three ideal types of authority: ________, ______________, and _________.
True
Well over half of the energy consumed around the world comes from non-renewable resources.
Loving v Virginia
What Supreme Court decision established the principle that stats must allow interracial marriages?
corruption
When a government or leader is elected by a landslide, it is often a sign of __________ in the voting process.
satisficing
When an organization settles for good enough, it is called ________.
epidemiological transition
When most deaths go from being due to infectious disease to being due to degenerative disease, a society has gone through the ___________ ________.
general public, media
When trying to make a social movement succeed, getting _______ _______ opinion on the movement's side can be useful, as it can help mobilize the government and other institutions (churches). Skillful _____ use can be also helpful, especially when targeting younger generations.
Cult Hypothesis
Where churches are weak, cults are likely to spring up.
B
Which is not one of the types of social bonds that link people to society and law-abiding behavior according to Travis Hirschi and control theory? A) attachment B) Inter-dependencies C) Involvements D) Beliefs E) Investments
D
Which of Marx's ideas is most in line with symbolic interactionism? A) The role of the superstructure B) The role of the ruling class C) The dialectic D) The transition from a class in itself to a class for itself E) The class structure of capitalism
C
Which of the following is the subjective part of the definition of race? "A large number of people who..." A) Have similar cultural features and a high rate of mutual interaction B) See themselves and are seen by others as a cultural unity C) See themselves and are seen by others as a biological unity D) Have interbred over a long period of time, thus developing similar physical characteristics E) Consider themselves as objects of collective discrimination
blacks
Which race has the highest rate of infant mortality in the US?
economic
_________ capital consists of already produced goods used to produce goods and services. They do not become part of the final product or service.
outlive
Women tend to _____ men.
more
Women tend to be ____ religious than men.
True
Working at the beef processing plant, Thompson found the assembly line to be more dehumanizing than empowering.
not, real, ideal
World is often ___ as it should be (according to beliefs), creating a clash between the ____ and the _____. Such a clash may inspire religious to act, and can lead to religious revival movements.
ethos
Worldview shapes _______ - expresses a culture's and a people's basic attitude about themselves and the world in general.
Peggy McIntosh
Wrote a famous article in 1990 called "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack".
John Howard Griffin
Wrote the book Black Like Me
17, Colleges of 1980 Plus Tuskegee University
__ HBCUs have land-grant status. These are called ______ __ ____ ____ ________ _______.
Al Jazeera
__ ________ was important for media coverage of the Arab Spring.
5
__ cases were combined into Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
life expectancy, infant mortality
____ ________ and ______ _______ are the most important rates in evaluating health status of a society.
push, pull, economic
____ factors make you want to leave a place; ____ factors attract you to a particular place. Historically, _______ factors are the most important for both of these factors.
Silent Spring, Rachel Carson
_____ _____ by ______ _______ (1962) was a book that served as a precipitating event for the environmental movement.
Devah Pager
_____ _____ studied employment process in Milwaukee (and other places). Found that black job applicants with no criminal record had the same chances of moving forward as white applicants with a felony drug conviction.
standard deviation
_____ ________ is used to measure the extent of formalization in organizations.
life expectancy, infant mortality
_____ _________ and the _____ _______ rate are the most important mortality summary measures.
older, younger
_____ groups who had learned to work the system felt that King was moving too fast, while ______ groups thought he was going too slow.
Comte
_____ invented the word sociology.
Weber
_____ saw protestant ethic as partly responsible for capitalism.
Marx
_____ viewed religion as the opiate of the masses - it screwed up his efforts at leading workers to overcome false consciousness.
public health measures
______ ______ ________ are the most important contributors to low mortality.
HBCUs
______ are colleges founded primarily for the education of African Americans, although their charters were not exclusionary.
human
______ capital consists of economically valuable characteristics of people, like education.
Rituals
______ solve problems of personal and collective life by providing time-tested words, actions, and sentiments for every occasion.
Comte
______ started his own religion, with himself as the priest.
fertility decline
_______ _____ all over the world is the phenomenon that leads demographers to doubt that the world will double in the foreseeable future.
Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan
_______ ______ by ____ ______ (1963) was a book that served as a precipitating event for the second wave of the women's rights movement.
social
_______ capital consists of one's social networks and the resources flowing from them, such as information or sponsorship.
Minority
_______ group members suffer various disadvantages at the hands of the dominant group, including exclusion from desirable things, economic exploitation, social degradation, and ideological inferiority.
conflict
_______ theorists view education as an instrument of elite domination.
cultural
________ capital consists of forms of knowledge, skills, or education that give one a higher status in society.
financial
________ capital consists of money, credit, and other purchasing power that can be used to further economic production.
Durkheim
________ was interested in the role of religion in suicide.
Durkheim
________ wrote a book called "Elementary Forms of The Religious Life" about the religion in indigenous Australia.
Biographic availability
having a life situation that allows a person to devote time to social action (for example, not having a job).
Internal migration
moves that are within a county.
International migration
moves that cross a national boundary.
values
religious ______, reinforce other social institutions and the social order as a whole.
mortality
the death experience of a population
growth, resources, environmental
the treadmill of production is a term describing the operation of modern economic systems, which require constant ______, which in turn causes increases exploitation of _________ and ____________ degradation.