Sociology Exam two

What is the unlikely outcome for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization?

-the child will be emotionless -the child will be unable to perform basic bodily functions

What is the likely outcome for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization?

-the child will be unable to relate to other humans -the child will not learn how to communicate through language with others

Examples of Rinsta accounts

-viewable to close friends, acquaintances, and even people that user has never met -feature the filtered version of who you are and how you want to be seen

Statements that mean " the strength of weak ties"

-weak ties provides access to valuable information -weak ties provide benefits that strong ties do not

role

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?

spoiled identity

Differential Association theory

students learn to cheat because they hangout with other who do

achieved status/example

A social position assigned to a person by society they can control ex: college graduate

ascribed status/ example

A social position assigned to a person by society they cannot control. ex: race, gender

Which leader or organization relied on a "team of rivals to challenge groupthink?

Abraham Lincoln

Identify the statement that offers a conflict theory perspective on anti-sodomy laws.

Anti-sodomy laws were a way for heterosexual majority to exercise control over same sex minorities

example of the social concept Agency

Diamond believes that humans have free will and are not deeply constrained by there social circumstances

The phenomenon of social deviance can be studied through many different sociological lenses. Identify how social deviance would be viewed through the lens of symbolic interactionist theory.

Distinguishing Features: A recognition of the impact of assigning labels to behaviors and to people, A focus on individual psychology rather than on the social dynamics of large populations

formal written communication

Documents such as memos are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate

Place Meads theory of development in chronological order

preparatory stage, play stage, game stage

strucutral functionalism

punishing those who plagiarize separates those who should be in college from those who aren't responsbile enough

control theory

requiring incoming students to sign a honor code on the first day or orientation pledging that they will not cheat while they are a member if their college

rules and regulations

these are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible

Lana was always spoiled during her youth. As an only child, she was lavished with praise and gifts from her parents. Unfortunately, they died when Lana was in college, and since then, Lana has remained single and has made no close friends. Her contact with other family members is limited. By virtue of her limited group membership, which of these concepts is Lana is more likely to experience?

anomie

Role strain

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

role conflict

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

social self-concept

how I am seen by others or how I would like to be seen by others

self

how we come to see ourselves as the person we are

impersonality

in a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment

An employee at the local Department of Motor Vehicles puts in an eight-hour shift and then goes to a local bar and grill to celebrate a co-worker's birthday. What aspect of bureaucracy does this situation highlight?

interpersonal interactions help humanize bureaucracies

Symbolic Interactionism

plagiarism maybe labeled as a deviant in the US but not in Russia or India

The way that the My Lai massacre ended during the Vietnam War is an example of what?

positive deviance

true or false: The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.

false

T/F: The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works

true

What does it mean when we say socialization is an active process?

you are apart of the socialization, and learn from others

example of significant other

mom

Mind, Self, and Society example

children gain a sense of self through imitation, play and games, in which they learn various roles and take on the perspectives of others

Dramaturgy example

children learn the art of impression management and may present a different self to their parents than to other children or to teachers

Role

the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status

labeling theory

a student who is caught plagiarizing may come to believe they are unable to to write without cheating

structural strain theory

a students attitude about plagiarizing depends on whether they have the means to write the paper

looking-glass self

a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us

traditional authority example

a volatile, immature young boy is crowned king because of his lineage, being king is his birthright

innovator

accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals

technical competence

all members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization

specialization

all members of bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks

example of generalized other

americans

What, in broad terms, is the definition of deviance?

any transgression of socially established norms that causes a negative reaction

person identify example

loyal daughter

Susan is a black candidate, and Allison is a white job candidate. Which outcome is predicted according to David Pedulla and Devah Pager's research on race and social networks?

members of Alison's social network make more effective connections on her behalf than do Susan's

Legal Authority example

After an election, a person says "I did not vote for her, but ill support her because she was elected mayor"

In light of George Ritzer's McDonadilzation theory, identify the predictions about American society.

- individual with unique personal traits and needs may feel depersonalized by systems that treat all person the same - workers movements will be monitored in order to maximize predictability and efficiency

Statements about social media engagement and our social connections

-According to the Pew research center internet and American life project ,users of social media are more connected than nonusers -Eric Klinenburg and Claude Fischer make the case that despite a rise in social media use, Americans are no more less lonely or detached from one another than they have been

Melissa is a student studying biology at the University of Michigan. She grew up in Michigan, in a nearby town. Identify each person as being a member of an in-group or out-group for Melissa.

-a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school with - her sister who is a student at Michigan state - a history major at the University of Michigan

Three examples of socialization

-a parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table -a child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone -someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexiest joke

examples of expression given off according to Goffman

-a thumbs up -a shrug of the shoulders -a raise of an eyebrows

Quinn is on a high school volleyball team and has chemistry during first period. If Quinn wanted to assess the team's performance, which of the following could serve as a reference group?

-another schools volleyball team -men volleyball team at Quinn's school

Identify the organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay

-boys scouts of America -Habitat for humanity -Boys and Girls club of America

The differences between a group and a ... is where the members identify with one another and whether interaction is temporary or permanent. A primary group consists of people such as.. , whereas a secondary group might consist of people such as...

-crowd -family members -students taking this course

Identify the aspects of group dynamics

-how groups achieve goals -how groups disintegrate -how groups change -how groups form

Examples of Finsta accounts

-likely includes inside jokes and unflattering selfies -may represent a more genuine depiction of your true self

Sociobiology is a branch that uses biology and evolution to explain .... The basic nature vs. nuture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologist who suggest that genes and environment... to influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggest that .... can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself.

-social behavior -interact -social and environmental context

Example of an online interaction

Teens using social media as a social space as getaways from the pressure of parents, teachers, and adults

True or False: People who play games such as World of Warcraft or Fortnite make up virtual communities

True

hierarchy

bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses

ritualist

gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals

Why is Colin Kaepernick seen by some as a "deviant hero"?

he accepted the consequences of kneeling for the national anthem, hoping to create positive change

rebel

renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward their own goals using new means

retreatist

renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether

social identify example

team player of a soccer team

examples of first goal socialization

-takes place in childhood -schools teach students how to to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves -parents teach children how to eat food

Place each major study of social networks in order of its publication from first to last.

1. Mark Granovetter's "The strength of Weak ties" 2. Matt Hoffman and Lisa Torres's article on gender, networks and employment 3. Duncan Watt's six degrees: The science of a connected age 4. Nicholas Christakis and James fowler's article on networks and sexual health

True or False: Someone who admits that he has a problem, such as alcoholism, but wants to shake the stigma associated with it and change his life for the better, is experiencing tertiary deviance.

False

Which of the following hypothetical scenarios are examples of social control in the United States?

Parents often reminding their young children not to pick their noses Compulsory schooling laws for high-school-aged students

Worries about the effects of social media on social engagement are an extension of whose earlier research?

Robert Putnam

Honor killings are primarily seen in Middle Eastern and _____ cultures.

South Asian

Charismatic example

The high school class president isn't particularly politically skilled, but their classmates find them winsome and likable

Identify the true statements about deviance.

What is considered deviant can vary across different cultures. What is considered deviant can change over time.

Nature vs. Nurture

biological vs. socialization

In-group in Robert Mertons Theory example

classy, laid back

example of reference group

college students

A citizen group sends letters to the governor of a southern state and asks her to reconsider stopping the execution of a man on death row convicted of murdering a police officer. The governor declines, stating that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to remove this convicted murderer from society so that everyone else can be protected.What type of justification for punishment is used by the governor?

incapacitation

Which of the following are kinds of conformity produced by social influence?

internalization, identification, compliance

Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of?

saturated self

Examples of expressions given according to Goffman

saying "good job" to a teammate

In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

secondary deviance is an eventful effect of primary deviance, which is the initial deviant behavior

example of "I" and "Me"

self

role identify examples

sibling, student

Out-group in Robert Mertons Theory example

snobbish, lazy

Socialization

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society

We often speak of ... with our friends, yet this idea is only part of what sociologist mean by ..... It is a twofold process it includes the process by which a ..., culture or group teaches individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group.

socializing, socialization, and society

An employee works to appease customers and appears as if they care but in reality does not feel the emotions they're expressing

status, emotional labor

conflict theory

students with less money or connections who are caught plagiarizing are punished harshly and have fewer options afterward, whereas students with more financial or social resources can either transfer to another school or rely on their parents for help.

examples of second goal socialization/definition

takes places in adulthood, lifelong -schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected -peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable

What are the most predominant agents of socialization?

the family, schools, peers, the media

Match each social theorist to how his work relates to social deviance theory.

Émile Durkheim : Offered a functionalist theory of deviance Howard Becker : Applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins Robert Merton : Developed strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance Erving Goffman : Applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma

Identify the following as either white collar crime or street crime.

White collar: crime that does not involve force, crime that is committed by high social status individuals, crime that is policed and typically punished less strenuously than other types of crime street crime: Crime that is caused by lack of jobs, lack of after-school child care, lack of good schools, and other factors.

presentation of self

a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others, created by Goffman

Status

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

How did Stanley Milgram test participants obedience to authority?

he had "experimenters" coax "teachers" into shocking "leaners"

master status/ example

one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others ex: vice president of wells fargo

Looking glass self example

parents and significant others serves as a reflection to children, who develop a sense of self based on their appraisals, real or imagined

Psychoanalysis example

parents instill a conscience (superego) in children through rules that govern their instinctual behavior (Id) until children mature and are self governing (ego)

After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the ... by purchasing Nike sneakers. By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating...

prescription, complaince

Identify the following as either primary or secondary group

primary- a close knit group of adults who have been together since middle school, a married couple secondary- a tailoring shop that makes bespoke fully custom suits for men, a professional football team