Sociology final

Whereas the top causes of death in the United States are ____________ illness, people in the developing world are continually affected by the threat of ____________ illness.

chronic; acute

What sorts of places are associated with an increase in social atomization?

cities

Dean is an upper-middle class American. He lives in an affluent area, holds a bachelor's degree, and has a great job. It is likely that his health status is:

excellent

Until recently, South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan. This means that they practiced:

exogamy

What is it called when a government seeks to control every aspect of life?

totalitarianism

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

Why would a political campaign NOT qualify as a social movement?

Its participants do not want to change their society.

What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?

They are all social institutions.

______________ come on suddenly and are often contagious.

Acute diseases

How is an edge city different from a suburb?

An edge city has its own centers of employment and commerce.

People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called:

Essentialists

For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election really be just an artifact of the way that voter turnout is measured?

For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.

In determining what percentage of the population was homosexual and what percentage was heterosexual, why would Alfred Kinsey have avoided asking the question, "Do you identify as gay or straight?"

He believed that sexuality is a continuum and wanted to classify people more precisely.

How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy?

It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services.

Some women accept the burdens of the "second shift" in order to avoid conflict with their husbands or children. How does this affect them?

It makes them unhappy and emotionally numb.

Why should leisure not be treated as a minor and unimportant topic?

Leisure and recreation absorb a lot of time, energy, and resources.

Why is free time (nonwork time) not necessarily leisure time?

Leisure time implies the ability to make choices.

What do demographers call urban areas with at least 50,000 inhabitants?

Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)

The theory that the capacity of microchips will double every 18 months is called:

Moores Law

In the premodern world, the line between work and play was not very clearly defined. Why was this the case?

People had fewer recreational options.

Why might a third-wave feminist be annoyed with members of the second wave for talking about how women needed access to jobs and careers, like those available to men, that would give their lives meaning?

Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized.

Sociologists have criticized scientists who are searching for a "gay gene" for their narrow understanding of sexual orientation, because they do not take into account the way biology and the social environment interact to produce sexual behaviors. Which of the following theorists makes this point?

The historian Jeffrey Weeks points out that, while homosexual acts have been documented throughout history, homosexual identity as we know it today didn't exist before the twentieth century.

Today, many men and women still insist that men shouldn't cry. At the same time, others insist that it's vital that men learn to share their feelings and express their emotions, which would include crying. What does this disagreement indicate?

There is a crisis of masculinity.

What is the study of the social aspects of diseases called?

epidemiology

According to the text, when someone listens to public radio but never contributes during pledge drives, that person would be considered by sociologists:

a free rider

What did C. Wright Mills mean by the term "power elite"?

a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions

What sort of rural areas are most likely to experience a "rural rebound"?

areas that are near urban areas

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of urbanites identified by Herbert Gans in his ethnography Urban Villagers?

bohemians

Given the history of the family, what sort of changes do you think would be most likely to make the extended family more relevant again?

changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job

Today, four companies sell more than 80 percent of the compact discs purchased in the United States, although this fact is not obvious because the four companies have purchased many smaller record labels over the years. What is this called?

concentration of media power

What do large numbers of people form when they come together?

crowd

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

disenfranchisement

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:

endogamy

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?

endogamy

The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called:

gender identity

The city of Mumbai, India, has fourteen million people, making it the second-largest city in the world, and Mumbai handles the majority of India's maritime commerce. These facts help to explain why Mumbai would be called a(n):

global city

Given that the greater the division of labor in a society, the greater the degree of inequality, which type of economic system would you expect to be the most equal?

hunting and gathering

A group established to influence government policy is called a(n):

interest group.

Sometimes the motivations for large protests organized by college activists are criticized. Protests in Washington, D.C., are seen as "spring break" for activists, who take part more for the pleasure of belonging to something than for anything else. What theory would support this critique?

mass society theory

As the process of the _____________ develops, we will be less likely to treat someone who has a mental health issue as having something they should just "deal with" or "get over" individually. Instead, we will be more likely to think of the issue as having to do with a disease.

medicalization

Which of the following is a basic demographic variable?

migration

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact?

miscegenation laws

Which theory of power argues that a variety of organizations and institutions have roughly equal access to the power structure?

pluralism

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?

privatization of the means of production

When African Americans joined a protest movement because it was harder for them to vote than it was for white Americans, they were acting out of:

relative deprivation

If you believe that poor people join groups dedicated to keeping toxic waste dumps out of low-income communities because they want to enjoy the same standard of living and quality of life as the rest of society, then you believe in:

relative deprivation theory

Sociologists who focus on how practical constraints and opportunities can help or hinder a social movement are using:

resource mobilization theory

The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is an icon of the "City by the Bay" and a world-renowned tourist destination. It is also the number one suicide magnet in the world. Which theoretical explanation for suicide would best explain the high rates of suicide at the bridge?

selection

Given the ways spectatorship has changed in recent years, which of the following trends is it most closely related to?

the decline of public life

Which theoretical explanation for suicide emphasizes the lure of a place and factors that draw people with suicidal tendencies to it?

selection

Some urban planners are working hard to make sure their communities use the same land for multiple purposes, especially by using the land "vertically"—that is, having apartments on top of retail space. This type of planning is called:

smart growth

The transformation of culture over time is called:

social change

Systems and structures that persist over time and help organize group life are called:

social institutions

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

the Industrial Revolution

Which of the following is an example of a study of demography?

the U.S. Census Bureau sending out surveys

The National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) believes that: Traditional masculinity includes many positive characteristics in which we take pride and find strength, but it also contains qualities that have limited and harmed us. As an organization dedicated to changing men, we care about men and are especially concerned with men's problems, as well as the difficult issues in most men's lives. What qualities or beliefs associated with traditional masculinity are identified by NOMAS as being harmful to men?

the idea that men are superior

What technological development is most associated with the Information Revolution?

the microchip

The economy is not only about money, but also about:

the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

What group was most likely to move away from the urban core to the suburbs?

whites

When did African Americans gain the legal right to exercise their right to vote?

with the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act