SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
According to surveys, what is the most common reason people give for not voting in this country?
They were not interested and didn't like their choices. *not correct
According to the text, social movements:
are more likely to develop in industrialized societies than in preindustrial ones
Manuel Noriega was never elected president of Panama, but became its de facto ruler when he became head of the army and thus powerful enough to demand the resignation of the elected president. Given only this information, what was Noriega's government?
authoritarian
Today, __________ regimes exist in Fidel Castro's Cuba and in the People's Republic of China. These types of regimes seek to control the media and to suppress coverage of any topics or information that does not reflect upon the regime in a favorable light.
authoritarian
You were listening to a story on the news about the murder of a 25-year-old woman, married with one child. You had to leave before you heard who the murderer was. Who would you guess is the most likely culprit?
. her husband or boyfriend
__________ is voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant group norms and values.
Collective behavior
According to relative deprivation theory, why do people join social movements?
Joining a social movement is a rational response to inequality or oppression.
__________ movements seek to improve society by changing some specific aspect of the social structure. Members usually work within the existing system to attempt to change existing public policy so that it more adequately reflects their own value system.
Reform
__________ movements seek to produce radical change in individuals and are typically based on spiritual or supernatural belief systems.
Religious (expressive)
Incest taboos that prohibit sexual contact or marriage between certain relatives would be an example of which key function of family?
Sexual regulation
__________ is/are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system.
Special interest groups
According to Armand Mauss, what happens in the "incipient" or the beginning stage of a social movement?
The public just begins to take notice of an issue and define it as a problem.
How do some classical conflict theorists view families in capitalist economies?
They argue that families in capitalist economies have certain roles. Men fulfill the instrumental roles while women take on the expressive roles. *not correct
The Brady Bunch was an American sitcom that originally aired in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was about a large family, produced when Mike Brady, an architect with three boys, married Carol Martin, who had three girls. In both cases, the children were from previous marriages. This makes the Brady family an example of:
a blended family.
To more accurately reflect the changes in family life, the text provides a broad definition of what constitutes a family, which is:
a relationship in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and carefor any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
How does social change occur?
a. through a major physical event b. as a response to demographic shifts and changes c. due to discoveries d. due to innovations -All of the above
According to mass society theory, why do people join social movements?
a. to bring about social change b. for altruistic reasons c. as a response to political, social, or economic inequality d. to fulfill a psychological need to belong to something -All of the Above *not correct
Darren and Catherine are a recently married couple that lives in the same household with their two kids and and both of Catherine's grandparents. What type of family would this be defined as?
an extended family.
Three major factors contribute to the likelihood that collective behavior will occur. Which of the following is NOT a factor?
biological factors that decrease the chances of people responding in a specific manner
In the __________ stage of a social movement, people begin to organize and to publicize the problem. At this stage, some movements become formally organized at local and regional levels.
coalescence
Recently the Census Bureau has begun to use a more inclusive definition of __________, referring to it as a couple who live together without being legally married.
cohabitation
Queen Elizabeth is an example of this type of monarchy. She serves as a symbolic ruler or head of state while actual authority is held by elected officials in the British parliament. What is this type of monarchy called?
constitutional
What theory of collective behavior would suggest that when crowds come together a "mob mentality" takes over and rational thought disappears?
contagion theory
A political party does all of the following EXCEPT:
educate political candidates about issues and simplify the choices for them
Cindy and Tom are newlyweds and believe that in a family, both partners should share power and authority equally. What is this type of family structure called?
egalitarian
In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:
endogamy.
What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone from a different background?
exogamy
In the United States, although many young people leave their __________ as they reach adulthood, finish school, and/or get married, recent studies have found that many people maintain family ties across generations, particularly as older persons remain actively involved in relationships with their adult children.
family of orientation
The statement "Male power in our society is expressed in economic terms even if it does not originate in property relations; women's activities in the home have been undervalued at the same time as their labor has been controlled by men" is representative of what perspective?
feminist perspective on inequality
In the __________ stage of a social movement, an organizational structure develops and a paid staff begins to lead the group.
institutionalization (bureaucratization)
Tasks designed to achieve a tangible goal like washing the dishes or taking out the trash are called_______________, whereas _______________ tasks generally achieve emotional or relational goals within the family.
instrumental; expressive
Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice __________, a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.
marriage serialization *not correct
In 2007 Jason Fox and the Hood Presidents, a hip-hop group, uploaded a video of their song "Aunt Jackie" to YouTube, and almost instantly people started imitating the dance moves seen in the video. What is this an example of?
mass behavior
Sometimes the motivations for large protests organized by college activists are criticized. Protests in Washington, D.C., are seen as "spring break" for activists, who take part more for the pleasure of belonging to something than for anything else. What theory would support this critique?
mass society theory
A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).
matriarchal
Abdullah II of Jordan succeeded his father, King Hussein bin Talal, as ruler of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1999. This makes his government a:
monarchy.
Descent and inheritance rights are intricately linked with patterns of power and authority in families. Across cultures, the most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is:
patriarchy
In Who Governs, Robert Dahl examined the way that power was distributed in New Haven, Connecticut, and concluded that a wide variety of groups and organizations that represent the interest of ordinary people, played a huge role in the political decision-making process. What theory of power does Dahl believe in?
pluralism
Some Tibetans and the Toda tribe of India practiced female infanticide, which led to a shortage of adult women. As a result, a family was often composed of a group of brothers and a wife, whom they shared. This form of marriage is an example of:
polyandry
Although the U.S. Constitution grants __________ authority to the office of the presidency, a president who fails to uphold the public trust may be removed from office.
rational-legal
If you believe that poor people join groups dedicated to keeping toxic waste dumps out of low-income communities because they want to enjoy the same standard of living and quality of life as the rest of society, then you believe in what theory as to why people join social movements?:
relative deprivation theory.
The terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., on September 11, 2001 are examples of __________ movements.
resistance (regressive)
Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically are examples of __________ movements.
revolutionary
The transformation of culture over time is called:
social change.
In Japan, some are worried that the large number of families with only one child is producing a whole generation of shy, introverted men who have little interest in consumption or material success, which might threaten the whole social structure of Japanese society. Which theoretical perspective would focus on these concerns?
structural functionalist
Which perspective focuses on family relationships in terms of the subjective meanings and everyday interpretations that people give to their lives?
symbolic interactionist
Dennis believes that this country is ruled by very wealthy and powerful white men, who determine what issues politicians view as important, which many times are different from the important issues of the majority. What theory of power does Dennis believe in?
the power elite
Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home even after a full day's work outside the home. What term is used to describe this extra labor?
the second shift
What factors are involved in forming relationships and selecting mates?
the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age
Which of the following would NOT be a family as sociologists define the term?
two men who enter a business partnership in which one runs a retail outlet while the other produces products to sell in it