Sociology final

Using a rabbit's foot for good luck is an example of ____________.

animatism

A person who believes in spirit beings that inhabit the same world as humans—but on another plane of existence—is practicing _____

animism

The police have a type of legitimate power that has widespread social approval and is obeyed because people believe those who exercise it have a right to do so. This type of power is called ____________.

authority

____________ serves as the best example of a socialist economy.

china

The sitting president compels the citizens of her or his nation to vote in tomorrow's election. The president says that anyone who does not vote will be arrested. What is the president using to get people to vote?

coercion

A sociologist using a ______________ would be most interested in studying how religious beliefs support capitalism.

conflict perspective

When the same directors sit on multiple boards and control the economic and political activity of an industry, they have produced a(n) ________.

corporate interlock

If every member of a town ages 18 or older gathers at the city center to vote on every bill, law, or code that governs the citizens, the community is engaging in what?

direct democracy

In a state in which it is difficult to tell where religion and government begin and end, the religion can be described as a(n) ________.

ecclesia

The governor of the state is having surgery at Big City Hospital. At the hospital, the chief of surgery outranks the governor due to his specialized medical knowledge. The chief of surgery has which type of authority?

expertise

In recent presidential elections, Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin were both critiqued for their hairstyles and clothing choices. Which theoretical perspective would be most interested in analyzing these critiques?

feminist

Brenda attends church each week. She leads her Bible study group, which is mostly made up of women. She is also a helper at the church's Sunday school, and again, the other volunteers are mostly women. Brenda's experience can be seen as an example of ________.

feminization of piety

According to the _______________ perspective, power is distributed among many groups and organizations: businesses, labor unions, government agencies, religious groups, and so on. Consequently, no group or organization is able to dominate the system.

functionalist

According to Domhoff and Useem, the ___________ consists of members of the upper class who assert a great deal of power in political policymaking. Mills referred to the small group dominating American politics as the ______________.

governing class; power elite

_____________ are people and organizations that formulate and implement public policy.

governments

A _____________ is a small-scale, irregular armed struggle against larger, better-armed government military forces.

guerilla war

According to Durkheim, a community of believers _____________.

has the responsibility to bestow sacredness upon a person

According to cyclical theory, there are three "mentalities" that all societies pass through. What are these "mentalities"?

ideational, sensate, idealistic

Candi is working on her dissertation. She is working in a medical clinic. She is particularly interested in how the doctors and nurses view their work as a profession, but the clerical workers see themselves as working in "just a job." Which theory would be most relevant to Candi's research question?

interactionist

According to Karl Marx, religion keeps people in their place—that is, it limits the likelihood that they will rebel against their oppressor. Which quote most closely aligns with this perspective?

"the sigh of the oppressed...the opiate of the people"

Bob Bond, a wealthy businessman, wants to see Hillary Clinton win the presidential nomination from the Democrats in the 2016 election. In view of this, what is the maximum amount of money that Bob can donate to the Clinton campaign?

$1000

The U.S. government views normal unemployment (or unemployment of little concern) to be at a rate of what?

5 percent or less

What percentage of the U.S. population belongs to a church or synagogue?

70

Calvin always goes on exotic trips whenever he gets the chance. He rarely tells his friends in advance, but they know when he is gone because he posts photos of himself in these exotic locales to his social media account. Calvin is engaging in what type of behavior?

Calvin is engaged in conspicuous consumption

Which third-party candidate for president of the United States gained the highest percentage of the popular vote?

Teddy Roosevelt

Which scenario is the BEST example of influence?

Trump was a major political candidate despite not having a political background or ever holding elected office

In terms of religion, what is a compensator?

a belief that a reward will be obtained in the distant future that cannot be immediately verified

Oliver works as a dental hygienist. Oliver's job can be categorized as _______________.

a pink-collar occupation

How is religion correlated with demographic factors?

all answers

Which of the following could be a religious symbol?

all answers

Zaleski argues that new information technologies are _________________.

altering almost every aspect of religion

The government loses approximately how much money in taxes each year due to the hidden economy?

it is impossible to calculate exactly

President Obama could suggest new laws to legislatures. Those legislatures might then write and vote to approve a law. The law, however, would apply equally to President Obama, the legislatures, and the everyday citizens of the United States. This is an example of which type of authority?

legal-rational authority

The main purpose of advertising is to stimulate the sale of goods and services. This purpose can be considered advertising's __________.

manifest function

Which sociologist theorized that capitalism developed due to specific Protestant beliefs that Catholicism lacked?

max weber

A political system in which power is concentrated in a small group of elites without constitutional limits is called a(n) ___________.

oligarchy

In a system in which a candidate can win by a single vote, the "winner takes all." What is this system called?

plurality

A(n) ______________ is an enduring coalition of individuals who organize to win elections and shape public policy.

political party

What is the concept that refers to the rules and policies that determine the organization, exercise, and transfer of government decision-making power?

political system

A religion that proposes that there are numerous gods is considered ______________.

polytheistic

Occupations that provide high income, prestige, and extensive benefits are called _____________ jobs.

primary labor market

Capitalism consists of which key features?

private ownership, competition, profit

If Big Major News Network (BMNN) reports on only those stories that draw in lots of viewers in order to increase advertising revenue, what is BMNN most likely engaging in?

propaganda

The largest religious denomination in the United States is _______________.

roman catholic

An example of a new age religion is _______________.

scientology

According to William J. Wilson, employment rates differ between blacks and whites due to what?

social class, rather than race

Dr. Glosser assigned her students a 12-page research paper. The students complained but still completed their papers. This is an example of power. Therefore, power refers to what?

the ability to realize one's will even against the opposition and resistance of others

______________ was America's first mass religious revival, which began in the 1730s in response to the Enlightenment.

the great awakening

______________ brought the most widespread and lasting change to American society, including its economy.

the industrial revolution

_____________ maintains that modernization has led to the decline of religion.

the secularization thesis

Anh graduated with a Bachelor's degree in management. She also worked part-time at a diner throughout high school and college. She continues to work at the diner, but cannot get promoted to management at the diner or find a job as a manager elsewhere. Anh could be described as ____________.

underemployed

The Sanchez family runs a tomato sauce company. They are required by law to include a list of ingredients, calorie information, and nutritional values on the labels of their sauces. In light of the fact that this information is required by the government, what is the best term to describe the economy of the United States?

welfare capitalism

_________________ distinguished the sacred from the profane as the defining feature of religion.

Emile Durkheim

__________ is the oldest known monotheistic religion.

Judaism