Sociology Final Study

Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of: a. Clairvoyance b. Ageism c. Behaviorism d. Functionalism

b. Ageism

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. b. Most people do not know what IPV is. c. IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict. d. IPV is not taken seriously by the court system.

a. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________. a. Underground economy b. Under-paid economy c. Under-reported economy d. Under-earning economy

a. Underground economy

What causes some caretakers to abuse their elderly charges? a. Pride b. Depression c. Job satisfaction d. Lack of emotional attachment

b. Depression

9. E-readiness can be defined as: a. the electronic waste created by consumers. b. the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions. c. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. d. the application of science to solve problems in daily life.

c. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. d.

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: a. Children playing with friends b. Factories employing adults at salary level c. Children attending school d. Factories using child labor

d. Factories using child labor

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? a. René Decartes b. Émile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

5 When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n): a. Gerontocracy b. Republic c. Meritocracy d. Oligarchy

a. Gerontocracy

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world? a. Africa b. Asia c. North America d. South America

b. Asia

Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: a. White Collar Crime b. Spanking c. Life in prison d. The death penalty

b. Spanking

Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean? a. People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early. b. The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age. c. Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair. d. With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel.

b. The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

10. The term technological diffusion is defined as: a. The global lack of access to online media. b. The spread of technology across borders. c. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly. d. The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public.

b. The spread of technology across borders.

1 Which is an example of how someone can start proactively planning for their old age? a. Ignore the problem and hope that they can just stay in their homes. b. Assume their children will take care of them. c. Pick out a nursing home that provides care for any foreseeable health needs. d. Undergo plastic surgery to maintain a young appearance.

c. Pick out a nursing home that provides care for any foreseeable health needs.

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? a. Eleanor being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher. b. Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon. c. Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS. d. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

d. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

Social control is: a. A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. b. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. c. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

6. The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b. A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c. An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed d. When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand

a. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly

7. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a. All of the above b. Entertainment function c. Social norm function d. Life changing function

a. All of the above

In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm? a. Conflict theory b. Symbolic interactionism c. Structural functionalism d. Feminist theory

a. Conflict theory

a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage a. Fourth world b. Third world c. Feminization of poverty d. Down trodden

a. Fourth world

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? a. Labeling theory b. Control theory c. Differential association d. Strain theory

a. Labeling theory

Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature? a. Lack of education b. Excellent healthcare c. Massive credit card debt d. Home foreclosures

a. Lack of education

When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: a. Matrilocal residence b. Patridistant residence c. Matridistant residence d. Patrilocal residence

a. Matrilocal residence

Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? a. Middle Class b. The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years. c. Lower Class d. Upper Class

a. Middle Class

Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation? a. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother. b. Peter needs a sibling. c. Peter needs professional counseling. d. Peter's lack of respect for his mother means he'll probably get divorced when he's older.

a. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother.

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society? a. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class. b. Religion was something only the Bourgeoisie had time to contemplate. c. Religion inspired the Proletariat to work harder while under the rule of the Bourgeoisie. d. Religion was the key to uniting the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.

a. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class.

The ___________ records Jewish interpretations of the _____________ which is their sacred text. a. Talmud; Torah b. Torah; Talmud c. Hasidic texts; Aggadic Midrashim d. Tanakh; Tawrat

a. Talmud; Torah

2. Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a. Technophile b. PC person c. Republican d. Neo-Luddite

a. Technophile

7 Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? a. The jury b. The courts c. The police d. The corrections system

a. The jury

To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because: a. Within the family are social standings and power struggles b. All married men and women fight every single day of their lives. c. All teenagers always fight with their parents. d. No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises.

a. Within the family are social standings and power struggles

4. Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a. A cyberfeminist b. A conflict theorist c. A symbolic interactionist d. A functionalist

b. A conflict theorist

A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is: a. A structural functionalist b. A conflict theorist c. A feminist d. A symbolic interactionist

b. A conflict theorist

Strain theory: a. Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle. b. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals. c. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance. d. Argues that morality is based on wealth.

b. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry? a. It does not matter because divorce occurs when two people are incompatible and does not depend on how long people have lived with each other. b. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage. c. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly lower divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage. d. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have the exact same divorce rate as the people who don't cohabitate until marriage.

b. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called: a. Designer consumerism b. Conspicuous consumption c. Popular consumerism d. Credit card consumerism

b. Conspicuous consumption

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? a. Violent crime b. Corporate crime c. Street crime d. Institutional crime

b. Corporate crime

1. Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Technological pause b. Digital divide c. Computer lag d. New media

b. Digital divide

If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? a. Counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage. b. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage. c. Love is an important foundation for a successful marriage. d. Children are an important foundation for a successful marriage.

b. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. Most people do not care about social rank and standing. b. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class. c. Only upper class people can enjoy a good game of polo. d. Only lower class people drink beer.

b. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. b. Necessary; it challenged people's views. c. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel. d. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored.

b. Necessary; it challenged people's views.

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a. Ordinary; sanctified b. Sacred; profane c. Secular; religious d. Unclean; holy

b. Sacred; profane

One main issue in studying global social inequality is: a. Most countries keep their economic situations secret. b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures. c. Most people live beyond their means which gives a false sense of wealth to a society. d. The presence of tourism can make a country look richer than it really is.

b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures.

Megachurches have become popular in certain parts of the United States. Where else in the world are megachurches widely popular? a. Mongolia b. South Korea c. the United Kingdom d. Samoa

b. South Korea

9 Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: a. A dictatorship b. A meritocracy c. A caste system d. An oligarchy

c. A caste system

What has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America? a. Borrowing money from countries like China and the United States b. Taking legal steps to prevent drug trafficking and guerilla warfare c. A greater emphasis on educating young people d. Allowing residents to engage in the underground economy

c. A greater emphasis on educating young people

When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is: a. A cult within the Christian faith. b. A faith that is not part of any larger category. c. A sect within the Christian faith. d. An ecclesia within the Christian faith.

c. A sect within the Christian faith.

5 The term deviance can be defined as: a. The regulation and enforcement of norms. b. Social reward for the violation of norms. c. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. d. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

c. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? a. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. b. A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not. c. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. d. A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

c. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between: a. Social classes b. State law and Federal law c. Church and State d. Different religions

c. Church and State

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. Industrialization b. Industrialization transition c. Deindustrialization d. Post-industrialization

c. Deindustrialization

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. a. Social stratification b. Social inconsistency c. Downward mobility d. Horizontal mobility

c. Downward mobility

Which of the following is NOT true about old age? a. Elderly men sometimes start to go bald as they age. b. Women notice wrinkles as one of the first signs of aging. c. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex. d. Elderly people start dying their hair to replace the color they lose.

c. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex.

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage. a. Exogamous b. Traditional c. Endogamous d. Unconventional

c. Endogamous

3. Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: a. Social control b. The great divide c. Gatekeeping d. Discriminatory journalism

c. Gatekeeping

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility? a. How well off your parents are. b. How much you spend on your personal appearance. c. How much education you have. d. How many jobs you work.

c. How much education you have.

What is a dependency ratio? a. It is the comparison of healthcare professionals to the elderly. b. It is the comparison of grandparents to parents. c. It is the comparison of working people to non-working people. d. It is the comparison of children to parents.

c. It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of: a. Zero-Tolerance Theology b. Social Theology c. Liberation Theology d. Protest Theology

c. Liberation Theology

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? a. Men and women who are married prefer to seek therapy and counseling for their problems rather than hitting, punching, or screaming. b. Men and women who are married experience considerably more abuse, than those who are cohabitating, or separated. c. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating. d. Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate.

c. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.

8. The term cyberfeminism is defined by the text as: a. The growing number of young girls who are becoming addicted to World of Warcraft. b. The threat of sexism overtaking internet message boards. c. The application to and promotion of feminism online. d. The removal of feminist social activism from the physical world to the online world.

c. The application to and promotion of feminism online.

A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: a. GNI PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, and standards of living b. Prestige, family, legal records, occupation, and favorite food c. Wealth, power, income, race, education d. Clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, and number of credit cards

c. Wealth, power, income, race, education

What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory? a. As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families. b. As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality. c. As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses. d. As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.

d. As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.

How do elderly widows and widowers react to death of their significant other? a. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers often remarry. b. Differently: elderly widows often do not remarry while elderly widowers do. c. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers do not often remarry. d. Differently: elderly widows often remarry while elderly widowers do not.

d. Differently: elderly widows often remarry while elderly widowers do not.

How is global stratification different from social stratification? a. Countries cannot move up and down the global stratification ladder, unlike people who can use social mobility to climb or fall down the social stratification ladder. b. Global stratification can only measure the inequalities among purely democratic states, while social stratification can be expanded to apply to people in any country in the world. c. Global stratification only examines environmental inequalities among nations while social stratification examines inequalities among people. d. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.

d. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.

5. What is a negative risk of media globalization? a. Accessible technology being made available to remote societies. b. The spread of computer literacy. c. Social media spreading awareness about social causes. d. Governments censoring information for their benefit.

d. Governments censoring information for their benefit.

What did Marx and Freud see as the downfall of religion that would lead to the secularization of society? a. Class stratification of society b. Social strains of society c. Apathy of society d. Modernization of society

d. Modernization of society

Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe? a. Continuity theory b. Exchange theory c. Age stratification theory d. Modernization theory

d. Modernization theory

7 If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? a. The child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating. b. The child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress. c. Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse. d. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.

d. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.

8 What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? a. Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people. b. Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. c. Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. d. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

d. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

The Davis-Moore Thesis states: a. That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States. b. That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself. c. That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government. d. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

d. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? a. The first year of marriage. b. The birth of the last child. c. The engagement period. d. The birth of the first child.

d. The birth of the first child.

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: a. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations. b. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices. c. When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.