Sociology Final
What is the first agent of socialization? a- Family b- Law c- School d- Friends
a
What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility? a- How well off your parents are b- How much education you have. c- How much you spend on your personal appearance. d- How many jobs you work.
b
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? a- Social control b- Social networks c- Socialization d- Social placement
b
A cultural universal is: a- A written document outlining appropriate behavior. b- An object or a belonging of a group. c- A pattern or trait common to all societies. d- The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society.
c
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? a- The engagement period. b- The first year of marriage. c- The birth of the first child d- The birth of the last child
c
Asad's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asad's class is: a- Pluralistic b- Profiled c- Segregated d- Assimilated
a
Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage. a- Exogamous b- Endogamus c- Unconventional d- Traditional
a
In recent years, a great compulsion to engage in frequent and risky sexual behaviors was deemed sexual addiction. This is an example of: a- Medicalization of deviance b- Commodification of health care c- Individualized deviance d- Deviant qualification
a
Society and culture _____. a- Could not exist without each other b- Could not exist together c- Are the same thing d- Are unrelated
a
Sociology is defined as the: a- Systematic study of society and social interaction b- Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. c- Theoretical examination of life's origins. d- Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.
a
The term deviance can be defined as: a- A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. b- Social reward for the violation of norms. c- The regulation and enforcement of norms d- The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
a
The term doing gender can be defined as: a- When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves b- The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements. c- The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. d- Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement.
a
The term formal education is defined by the text as: a- The learning of academic facts and concepts. b- Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society. c- The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college. d- An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times.
a
The term language can be defined as: a- A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted b- Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. c- Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values. d- The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus.
a
What is one difference between a more and a folkway? a- Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not. b- Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. c- Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not. d- Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not.
a
What is particularly unique about the United States middle class? a- It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class. b- It is the smallest class in the United States. c- The people who are middle class often have little to no education. d- The upper class are as likely to become members of the lower class as members of the lower class are likely to become members of the upper class.
a
What name do Buddhists give to their four basic rules? a- Noble Truths b- Commandments c- Pathways to Meditation d- Communion
a
Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties? a- Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities b- Most men spend at least a year traveling the world to get a better understanding of the world, and consequently, don't want to be tied down by a wife. c- Most people in the Millennial generation are caring for their aging parents and do not have time for long term, serious relationships. d- Many women fear having children too early and, consequently, having to give up a good career.
a
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a- Dependent variables b- Participant observation c- Literature review d- Secondary data analysis
b
Polygyny is: a- A person who is married to only one person at a time b- A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time c- A person who is married to more than one person at the same time d- A woman who is married to more than one man at the same time
b
Reliability is defined by the text as: a- How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis b- A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced c- How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. d- How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.
b
Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean? a- Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair. b- The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age c- People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early. d- With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel.
b
The term crime can be defined as: a- An unintended consequence of necessary action. b- A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions c- A harmful action directed at the authorities. d- A sequence of events leading to incarceration.
b
The term sexual orientation can be defined as: a- A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex. b- A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex. c- A person's biological gender. d- A phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality.
b
What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries? a- High caloric diets b- Clean water access c- Veganism d- Sterilization
b
What is the purpose of queer theory? a- To determine whether sexual orientation is a product of nature or nurture. b- To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality. c- To examine the genetic differences between the heterosexual population and homosexual population. d- To purpose a series of federal laws that will put an end to many social inequalities.
b
What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? a- Men and women who are married prefer to seek therapy and counseling for their problems rather than hitting, punching, or screaming. b- Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating. c- Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate. d- Men and women who are married experience considerably more abuse, than those who are cohabitating, or separated.
b
When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of: a- Zero-Tolerance Theology b- Liberation Theology c- Social Theology d- Protest Theology
b
Which of the following best defines the term globalization? a- The process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States. b- The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market c- Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide. d- When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions.
b
Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype? a- Pedro assuming his neighbor likes rap music because he is African American. b- Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian. c- Cynthia believing her best friend to be good at math because she is Asian. d- Maria assuming her son-in-law is a heavy drinker because he is Irish.
b
According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: a- No longer in existence b- A product of the media c- Not biologically identifiable d- Based only on geographic regions
c
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: a- Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. b- Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. c- Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other d- Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family.
c
Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a- A degradation ceremony. b- Developing her sense of morality. c- Anticipatory socialization d- Developing her sense of self.
c
The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a- The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal. b- The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths. c- The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions d- The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States.
c
The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a- Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b- People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. c- Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself. d- Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity.
c
The term segregation is defined in the text as: a- The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture. b- The integration of diverse cultural concepts into a public school curriculum. c- The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions d- The deliberate annihilation of a targeted, usually subordinate, group.
c
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a- A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population. b- A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. c- A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results d- The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.
c
What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory? a- As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses. b- As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality. c- As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society. d- As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families.
c
Which of the following is NOT true about old age? a- Elderly men sometimes start to go bald as they age. b- Elderly people start dying their hair to replace the color they lose. c- Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex. d- Women notice wrinkles as one of the first signs of aging.
c
Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? a- The corrections system b- The courts c- The jury d- The police
c
Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a- Ordinary; sanctified b- Secular; religious c- Sacred; profane d- Unclean; holy
c
A total institution can be defined as: a- A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making. b- A business which offers career advice for federal employees. c- A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy. d- An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.
d
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a- a custom b- a religious belief c- a law d- all are social facts
d
During what time period did economies begin to develop globally? a- The Industrial Revolution b- The Information Age c- The Agricultural Revolution d- The Post-Industrial Revolution
d
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: a- A democracy b- A closed stratification system c- A caste system d- A meritocracy
d
Medical sociology is the systematic study of: a- The rate at which social diseases spread among varying socioeconomic populations b- Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients c- The causes and distribution of diseases d- How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
d
Parents often socialize their children to: a- Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people b- Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow c- Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d- Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
d
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a- The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics b- A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. c- The theory that man evolved slowly over time. d- How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
d
Social control is: a- A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. b- An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives. c- A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. d- The regulation and enforcement of norms.
d
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a- Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey." b- Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. c- Letting Kim wear pants to school. d- Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
d
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: a- The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. b- The course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi after the semester has started. c- The unexpected subjects students take an interest in after being exposed to experts in the field. d- A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.
d
The term discrimination is defined in the text as: a- Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people. b- An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system. c- The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. d- Prejudiced action against a group of people.
d
The term values can be defined as: a- The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b- Federal laws and regulations. c- Scripture found within the Bible. d- A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
d
The term xenophobia can best be defined as: a- A hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push. b- A marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods. c- A pronounced fear of globalization destroying one's job. d- An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods
d
What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States? a- Racism b- Socioeconomic status c- None of the above d- All of the above
d
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? a- The growth of the upper class b- The stagnation of wages for workers c- The feminization of poverty d- The decline of the middle class
d
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? a- Cyberfeminism b- Symbolic Interactionism c- Structural Functionalism d- Conflict Theory
d
Which is a social issue that many elderly females discover they are victims of? a- Being patronized by gas station attendants. b- Being carded to prove their Senior Citizen status. c- Being suspected of shoplifting by sales clerks. d- Having their medical ailments trivialized by doctors.
d
Which of the following best defines a social movement? a- A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom. b- A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority. c- All politicians and elected officials. d- A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.
d
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?. a- Crossing streets on cross-walks b- Paying taxes c- Driving on the right hand side of the road d- Making eye contact while speaking
d
Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change? a- Social institutions b- The environment c- Technology d- Disease
d
Which of the following is the best definition of social change? a- An act of military rebellion. b- An act of a bill passing in the House and the Senate. c- A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law. d- The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations
d
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a- Symbolic Interactionists b- Social Individualists c- Conflict Theorists d- Structural Functionalist
d