Sociology Final

income inequality tresholds

If your household income is above $114,000/year, you are in the top 10% of US households If your household income is above $164,000/year, you are in the top 5% of US households If your household is above $394,000/year, you are the 1%

time wealth

first principle of plenitude is reclaiming time overworked american: -undermines basic sources of wealth and well-being -north american schedules > all over the world

doing gender

gender is something we have to accoomlpish through gender performances or doing gender appearances and behaviors ascribes or achieved status

sex

genitalia, chromosomes, male/female/intersex

second shift

idea of low income mothers returning from work and beginning a second shift composing of household duties and raising the children

one life living

idea that most people believe they only have a single chance on earth- to live richly one must use that chance in a way that is personally meaningful plenitude as an economic strategy cannot supply that menaing- it can only help achieve it

color blidn ideology

ignore the realities of racial inequality and make it impossible to address

extreme poverty

making less than $1.25 per day and over 1 billion or 20% of the world population

male privilege

not being sexually objectified feeling safe walking hours after dark not being denigrated for sexual activity

de facto segregation

people are separated "by fact" and not by legal requirement

hegemonic masculinity/femininity

practices that promote the dominant social position of men, and the subordinate social position of wome

social construction of race

race is socially constructed - social concept not a biological relaity

poverty tresholds

uploaded each year by the census bureau minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country

median household income

$53,000 a year

wealth gap

80% of US households share only 20% of the wealth The bottom 40% share less than 1%

de facto segregation

Examples: -concentration of african-americans in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are predominantly black, or segregated in fact, and not by law

dejure segregation

Examples: -public areas cannot be shared by different racial classes - american south after civil war: laws were set up to separate blacks from whites

white privilege

Examples: -not being followed around a store -being less likely to have your car searched for drugs -less likely to be pulled over

reproduction of inequality

Public schools: school districts → property values $100,000 home vs. $350,000 home Results in dramatically unequal schools School selection: magnet schools and charter schools Efforts to diversify and desegregate schools Efforts backfire, as parents of wealthy white families are more likely to be pushy and will do anything to get their kids into the better school School to prison pipeline: "What's the point of trying? There's no jobs anyway." Aspirations can mediate school systems and tracking

feminism

a movement for gender and sexual equality--belief that men and women should have equal opportunities, rights and respect

razialization

a process in which certain physical or cultural characteristics are given social meanings that become the basis for racism and discrimination

gender

a socially constructed concept, not a biological reality. the social ideas that we map on to biological sex

stereotype threat effect

an outcome of othering people. a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group

othering

any action by which an individual or group becomes mentally classified in somebody's mind as not one of us

one planet living

attempts to shift individuals and communities to lifestyles that use only as many resources as are currently available if bio capacity were equally allocated across the globe

heteronormativity

belief that people fall into distinct and compelmetnary genders (man and woman) with natural roles in life

hegemonic masculinity/femininity

concept by R>W connell

white privilege

living in a world that assumes white is the norm

social construction of race

definition of race and racial categories varies across cultures within a society across societies race is assigned by opinion and is contested racism: a system of beliefs and practices which result in unearned advantages for whites relative to people of color discrimination and advantage go hand in hand

tracking

example: the gifted group

hegemonic masculinity/femininity

examples: there are real men, and then there are all other men superbowl commercial in which they portray masculinity by showing a muscular and athletic man

dejure segregation

legal separation of groups of people based on law

tracking

separates students within a school into different tracks based on their skills and abilities

slow spending

sustainable consumption entails extending product life

intersectionality

system of oppression are interlocking structure of race, gender, class, sexuality, and other inequalities all shape our lives at the same time. we may be simultaneously privileged and disadvantaged as a result of our social positions in each. not simply one up one down

hegemonic masculinity/femininity

the dominant form of masculinity that exists within a particular culture

prison industrial complex

the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social and political problems. produces and maintains racial inequalities

wealth gap

the top 1% holds over 35% of us wealth

wealth gap

the top 4% owns 62% of the wealth

wealth gap

the unequal distribution of assets

wage gap

women earn less than men (.78/dollar) motherhood penalty fatherhood bonus