Sociology Questions

The racial term "African American" can refer to...?

- A black person living in the United States - People whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade - A white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States ( all of the above )

Ethnicity describes shared..?

-Beliefs -Language -Religion (all of the above)

What are ways that human activity impacts the water supply?

-Creating sewage -Spreading chemicals - Increasing radioactivity (all of the above)

Functionalism theory sees education as serving the needs of.....?

-Families -Society -The individual (all of the above)

Stereotypes can be based on..?

-Gender -Race -Ethnicity (all of the above)

What are the prerequisite for the existence of a city?

-Good environment with water and a favorable climate -Advanced agricultural technology -Strong social organization (all of the above)

Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of...?

-Preserving peripheral nation cultural identity -Preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization -Avoiding hegemonistic assumption about modernization (all of the above)

Same-sex couple household account for ________ percent of US households?

1

The population of the planet doubled in fifty years to reach ______ in 1999?

6 billion

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

A community where neighbors don't know each other well

Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of...?

A contested illness

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?

A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

Structural mobility occurs when..?

A large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

Sociologists associate sexuality with...?

A person's capacity for sexual feelings

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

A senator

According to the study cited by the US Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grows up with more advantages than children who live with....?

A single parent

According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are..?

Able to develop their own definition of the situation

According to national surveys, most US parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for....?

Access to education

An older women retires and is completely changing her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YMCA to swim everyday. She serves on the Friends of the Liberty board. She is part of the neighborhood group that plays Bunco in Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the .......?

Activity theory

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory?

Age stratification

According to the symbolic interactionism perspective, we "do gender":

All of the time, in everything we do

During the Civil Rights Movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of....?

An act of deviance

The protestors at the Egypt uprising rally were...?

An acting crowd

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents

What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the US?

Anxiety disorders

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _________ than the family they grew up with.

At least as close

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime?

Because his fame protects him from retribution

Which factor most increases risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?

Being frail to the point of dependency on care

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

Which of the following statements is not true?

Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites.

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by.....?

Caregivers

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

Class

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as...?

Class traits

Veterans are two to four times more likely to ____________ as people who did not serve in the military.

Commit suicide

The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the....?

Conflict perspective

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

Conflict theory

Compared to most Western societies, US sexual attitudes are considered..?

Conservative

In the United States, life expectancy rates in the recent decades have....?

Continued to gradually ride

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

Courtship

Learning from the classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of.....?

Cultural transmission

Which of the following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

Thanatology is the study of......?

Death and dying

The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of...?

Demedicalization

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Timon believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _________ higher level job positions?

Denied the opportunity to obtain

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?

Devience is socially defined

Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of ...?

Disabilities and accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act

An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing his old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the.....?

Disengagement theory

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers....?

Do not feel connected to their work

Scapegoat theory shows that...?

Dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

Earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief?

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Which of the following is an example of a corporate crime?

Embezzlement

Only Women are affected by gender stratification

False

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

For a better life and to escape oppression

In the concentric zone model, Zone B is likely to house what?

Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stressed the importance of regulation sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

Functionalism

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's......?

Gender

The term ________ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave...?

Gender Role

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Genocide

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who...?

Get rich while workers stay poor

In general, children in __________ households benefit from divorce?

High-conflict

Core nations are also known as...?

High-income nations

Sociologists tend to define family in terms of...?

How a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption

Research indicated that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation....?

In early adolescence

The median age of first marriage has __________ in the last fifty years?

Increased for both men and women

Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is....?

Increasing

What is the primary driver of modernization theory?

Industrialization

A student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation the professor used ___________ to maintain social control.

Informal negative sanctions

One day you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating....?

Informal sanctions

Many Arab Americans face ______________, especially after 9/11?

Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?

It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.

What is one defining feature of a minority group?

Lack of power

What are the two primary methods of waste disposal?

Landfill and incineration

How does gentrification affect cities?

Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas.

In most countries, elderly women ________ than elderly men?

Live a few years longer

America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except..?

Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt

The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called....?

Medicalization

Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over 65 years old?

Medicare

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor?

Melting pot

Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective?

Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles

In the United States, most people define themselves as...?

Middle Class

China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specification and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies...?

Modernization

Children of divorced parents are ________ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married?

More likely

Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?

National Football League

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.

Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?

Neglect

Occupational prestige means that jobs are...?

Not equally valued

Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to.....?

Obesity

In Erik Erickson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?

Overcoming despair to achieve integrity

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a...?

Patrilineal society

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

Public schools guarantee that...?

Per-student spending is equitable

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to....?

Perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Pluralism

According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent case of death for children under five in low-income countries?

Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases

A women being married to two men would be an example of...?

Polyandry

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?

Population growth

A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of....?

Precipitating factors

________ deviance is a violation of norms that __________result in a person being labeled a deviant.

Primary; does not

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the .......?

Prognostic framing

Which graphic concept would best illustrate the concept of social stratification?

Pyramid

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that...?

Racial segregation in schools was allowed

Social stratification is a system that....?

Ranks society members into categories

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States?

Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?

Recycled in peripheral nations

What is not a negative outcome of shoreline dredging?

Reduction of human population

Informal education...?

Refers to the learning of cultural norms

What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 US healthcare reform do?

Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty

If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.

Resource mobilization

What are the major factor that affect education systems throughout the world?

Resources and money

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

Serves a purpose in society

The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is....?

Sex Ratio

Couples who cohabitants before marriage are ___________ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years?

Slightly less likely than

While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a....?

Social movement industry

Societies practice social control to maintain...?

Social order

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses in managing social media. This is an example of....?

Social placement

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called...?

Social promotion

Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of....?

Socialized medicine

Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?

Society

Key predictors for student success include...?

Socioeconomic status and family background

What term describes the separation of students based on merit?

Sorting

Which action reflects ageism?

Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age 65

Current divorce rates are.....?

Steadily declining

The high unemployment rate among the disable may be a result of...?

Stigmatization

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

Symbolic interactionism

What does cornucopian theory believe?

That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Bracero Program

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey(NCVS)?

The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones

Which program is an example of socialized medicine?

The United States' Veterans Health Administration

What group created the Millennium Developmental Goals?

The World Health Organization

What does carrying capacity refer to?

The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment

Social movements are...?

The collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norm beliefs, or values

The "tragedy of the commons" is a reference to what?

The common grazing lands in Oxford

Children in the peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of...?

The digital divide

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, populations and .....?

The environment

Which is an example of environmental racism?

The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas

The "graying of the United States" refers to....?

The increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old and faster aging due to stress

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?

The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status

What does human ecology theory address?

The relationship between humans and their environments

Which of the following is not part of the right and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?

The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better

The Rating of Percieved Exertion (RPE) is an example of...?

The social construction of health

What is social epidemiology?

The study of the causes and distribution of diseases

For individual people of a certain culture, their life course is...?

The typical sequence of events in their lives

A functionalist would address which issue?

The way immigration and emigration trends strengthen global relationships

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

How are the suburbs of Paris different from those of most US cities?

They are synonymous with housing projects and urban poor

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

They recruit top teachers

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture

What is the approximate median age of the United States?

Thirty-seven

In 2014, what was the largest city in the world?

Tokyo

What types of municipal projects often result in environmental racism?

Toxic dumps or other objectionable projects

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

Tracking

When the League of Women voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame ______________ , a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.

Transformation

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of....?

Transmission of moral education

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered....?

Transsexual

The majority of US children live in...?

Two-parent households

Urbanization includes the sociological study of what?

Urban economics, politics and environments

What led to the creation of the exurbs?

Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city

Spousal abuse is an example of a......?

Violent crime

What three factors did Malthus believe would limit human population?

War, famine, and disease

Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to.....?

Wealth

Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?

What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement

As a Caucasian in the US, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of...?

White privilege

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The students actions are an example of.....?

primary deviance

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of...?

stereotyping

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens