Sociology Quiz #4
Conflict
____ theorists take a negative view on bureacratization of education, and argue that the trend towards more centralized education has harmful consequences for disadvantaged people.
Functionalists
____ theorists take a positive view on bureaucratization of education.
Functionalists -manifest -latent
These theorists believe in ___ functions which include the transmission of knowledge and bestowal of status are functions of education. As well as ___ functions, which include transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, maintaining social control, and serving as an agent of social change.
Interactionists
These theorists emphasize the 'teacher expectance effect'
-30% -24% -24% -23% -23% -22% -19% -16% -15% -14% -12% -10%
Name the % of Higher Ed. Completion in each country -U.S. -Canada -Australia -South Korea -Japan -Great Britain -Finland -France -German -Mexico -Italy -Austria
-41% -86%
The porportion of people over age 25 with high school diplomas increased from __% in 1960 to __% in 2008
-8% -29%
The porportion of people with college degrees increased from __% in 1960 to __% in 2008
conflcit theorists
Theorists who believe education serves as an instrument of elite domination by creating standards for entry into occupations, bestowing status inequality, and subordinating the role of women.
reliability
the extent to which a measure provides consistant results
credentialism
A term used by conflict theorists that describes an increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field.
maintaining social control
A latent function of education that is exercised through the teaching of various skill and vallues essential to their future positions in the labor force. Ex: punctuality, discipline, scheduling, and responsible work habits, as well as how to negotiate the complexities of a bureauctratic organization. Gender roles are also part of this: teachers/guidence counselors may steer a girl/boy to a profession more suitable to their gender.
promoting social and political integration
A latent function of education that occurs by transforming a population composed of diverse reacial, ethnic, and religious groups into a society whose members share (to some extent) a common identity. Ex: U.S. schools transform immigrants by expecting them to learn English. (promoting a common language)
serving as an agent of change
A latent function of education where schools stimulate/bring about a desired social change. Ex: sex education classes, affirmative action admisssions (giving priority to females or minoriteis to counteract descrimination)
correspondance principle
According to this approach, schools promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and perpetuate social class divisions from one generation to the next. ex: children from working class families may be directed towards lower level education like tech shcools
gay-straight alliances (GSA)
Began in LA 1984: school sponsored support groups that bring gay teens together with sympathetic straight peers
tracking
Conflict theorist term that refers to placing students ino specific curriculum on basis of their test scores and other criteria.
Hierarchy of Authority
Max Weber's 5: Each employee of a school system is responsible to a higher power. ex: teachers to principals, principals to superintendants...
Employment based on Technical Qualification
Max Weber's 5: In theory, hiring of instructors is based on professional competence and expertise. Promotions are usually dictated by written personnell policies; people who excel may be granted lifelong job security through tenure
Impersonality
Max Weber's 5: Many classes have become too big for teachers to give students personal attention, but bureaucratic norms actually encourage teachers to treat all students the same, despite the fact that students have individual learning needs.
Division of Labor
Max Weber's 5: Specialized experts teach partiular age levels and specific subjects. ex: Certain teachers are hired just to teach special ed. kids.
Written Rules and Regulations
Max Weber's 5: Teachers/ administrators must conform to many rules/regulations while performing their duties. This can be dysfunctional because it takes away from time they could be spending planning their lessons.
-Division of Labor -Hierachy of Authority -Written Rules and Regulations -Impersonality -Employment Based on Technical Qualifications
Max Weber's five basic characteristics of bureacracy within schools.
validity
the degree to which a test/scale truly reflects what is measures
hidden curriculum
Phillip Jackson's term that refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. According to this curriculum, children must not speack until the teacher calls on them, and must regulate their activities according to the clocks or bells. In addition, they are expected to concentrate on their own work.
academic
Subcultlure that identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowlege for its own sake.
collegiate
Subculture that focuses on having fun and socializing. Students do a "reasonable" amount of work. Little commitment to academic pusuit.
nonconformist
Subculture that is hostile to the college environment and seeks ideas that may or may not relate to their academic studies. May enjoy publications or issue-oriented groups.
vocational
Subculture that is interested primarily in career prespects and views college as a means of obtaining degrees essential for advancements.
True
T/F Both conflic theorists and functionalists agree that education perfroms the important function of bestowal of status.
transmitting culture
a latent function of education that involves exposing each generation of young people to the existing beliefs, norms, and values of their culture. ex: respect for social control and reverance for established institutions such as religion, the family, and presidency.
-collegiate -academic -vocational -nonconformist
four distinct subcultures among college students
education
the social institution that formally socializes members of our society
