Sociology Test 3

sex is biological, gender is social

For most sociologists, what is the difference between sex and gender?

through interactions between teachers and students

From an interactionist perspective, the MOST important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities is

it used machines to produce more goods, more efficiently

How did the Industrial Revolution create "work" in the modern sense?

socialism

How did the Industrial Revolution create "work" in the modern sense?

a sociological definition must be broad enough to encompass all varieties of religious experiences

How is a sociological definition of religion different from a commonsense, everyday definition?

homogamy

JDate is a website that helps Jewish people form romantic relationships, especially those who are not practicing Jews or who live in areas where there are not many other Jews. Jewish people who use this website care about

totalitarian

Kim Jong-un, the current leader of North Korea, and his father Kim Jong-il, North Korea's former leader, have both restricted the basic human rights of their citizens. What type of government does North Korea have?

agricultural

Large social and economic changes followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production. What do scholars call this type of revolution?

workers never had the satisfaction of seeing the finished product

Many people felt dissatisfied working on assembly lines because

there are more single women who have sole financial responsibility for their children than single men

One reason women are more likely than men to live in poverty is the expense of child care. How do sociologists explain the relationship between poverty rates and child care costs?

it provides its supporters with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live

Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?

there has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples

Remarriage rates are lower today than they were in the 1960s because

an opinion leader

Singer and celebrity Beyoncé Knowles endorsed Barack Obama during the 2012 presidential election. What could Beyoncé be considered, to the extent that people pay attention to her and care about what she says?

an essentialist perspective

Some people believe that women are better suited to be homemakers because they are naturally more caring and emotional than men. What perspective is expressed in this statement?

shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services

The Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy because it has

agricultural revolution

The ________ was a macro-level social change that resulted in new innovations in farming such as mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation.

the knowledge, values, and expectations required to succeed in contemporary society are different from those required then

The curriculum at schools like Trinity College at Cambridge (The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity) leaned heavily on theology during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England. Today, the vast majority of university students will never take any theology classes. Why did this change?

the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age

The most consistent factor involved in forming relationships and selecting mates is

the feminization of poverty

The phenomenon of women being more likely than men to live in poverty is called

authoritarian

The system of government that excludes participation and representation of ordinary citizens is called

endogamy

Very few people in the United States today marry outside their own socioeconomic class, which suggests that there is a high degree of

cohabitation

What are unmarried adults who are romantically involved and live together under the same roof participating in?

educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

the extent of a person's consistent and regular practice of their religious beliefs

What is religiosity?

expressive

What kind of task is calling a family member to wish them a happy birthday?

having completed more education

Which of the following predicts a greater likelihood of being married, according to the Everyday Sociology Blog post, "Money and Marriage"?

denying people who have been convicted of felonies the right to vote

Which of the following techniques is used to disenfranchise part of the American population today?

children are mocked by their peers for crossing gender lines

You are observing children on an elementary school playground. Why might you find some girls playing sports with boys, but almost no boys playing jump rope with girls?

totalitarianism

________ is the MOST extreme form of authoritarianism.

endogamy

________ is what sociologists call marriage to someone within one's social group.

instrumental tasks

________ is/are tasks designed to achieve a tangible goal like washing the dishes or taking out the trash.

nuclear

A heterosexual couple raising their children in the same household is defined as a(n) ________ family.

the way of gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important

A symbolic interactionist studying the family would be MOST interested in

knowledge

Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called a(n) ________ worker.

commmunism

According to the text, what is the MOST extreme form of socialism called?

taking on the expressive role

A woman feels that she always needs to act cheerful and look her best when her husband gets home from work because he has a stressful job and he needs her help to unwind. We would say this woman is

the power elite

According to C. Wright Mills, a small and unified group of people occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions and exercise tremendous influence in American social life. What does he call this group?

through a sexual division of labor within the home

According to conflict theory, the nuclear family facilitates exploitation

it shows that the meaning of masculinity and femininity differs in different societies

American anthropologist Margaret Mead spent much of her career documenting the ways in which other cultures had gender roles that differed, sometimes radically, from those of twentieth-century America. Why does this matter?

hidden curriculum

An elementary school student notices that exhibiting good behavior and following the instructions of the teacher can go a long way to earning him decent grades in school. This example highlights what sociological term about the education system?

the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

Beyond just money, the economy is about

feminization of poverty

Denise is a single mother of three who works a full-time job cleaning an office building. She makes $9 per hour and has to piece together child care for two of her children who are not yet in school, often paying neighbors in cash to watch her children. Despite her full-time employment, her family is struggling to survive. What sociological concept does Denise's situation exemplify?

second shift

Laura is a married mother of three who works a full-time job. She drops her kids off at school every day at 7:30 A.M., arrives at the office at 8 A.M., works until 4 P.M., and then drives to pick up her kids from after-school care at 4:30 P.M. She gets home around the same time as her husband, who works a full-time job from 9 A.M. until 5 P.M. He expects that she will have dinner ready for the family by 6 P.M. From 7 to 9 P.M., Laura usually does housework and reads to the children. What sociological concept does Laura's situation exemplify?

taking the words from the participants very seriously

When performing field studies, Emile Durkheim stressed which of the following reactions to data collection?

Conflict theory

________ is the theoretical perspective that would lead you to consider the broader social effects of the division of labor between men and women in the household.

the microchip

________ is/are the technological development MOST associated with the Information Revolution.

anti-miscegenation

________ laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact.