Sociology Test #4 (chs. 14, 15, 16, & 19)
Same-sex couple households account for ________% of American households. a) 1 b) 10 c) 15 d) 30
A) 1%
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: a) A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission b) The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications c) The unexpected subjects students take an interest in after being exposed to experts in the filed d) The course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi after the semester has started
A) A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for _____________. a) Access to education b) Average spending on students c) Desegregation of schools d) Teacher salary
A) Access to education
The term sorting can be defined as: a) Classifying students based on academic merit or potential b) The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest c) A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities d) The use of education to improve one's social standing
A) Classifying students based on academic merit or potential
What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries? a) Clean water access b) Veganism c) Sterilization d) High caloric diets
A) Clean water access
The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the _________ perspective. a) Conflict b) Interactionist c) Functionalist d) All of the above
A) Conflict
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo? a) Conflict Theory b) Feminist Theory c) Functionalist Theory d) Symbolic interactionism
A) Conflict Theory
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of _____________. a) Cultural Transmission b) Educational access c) Formal education d) Informal education
A) Cultural Transmission
Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is: a) Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family b) The right of the first born male in every country in the world c) The right of the first born female in every country in the world d) Generally based on one's relationship with one's younger siblings
A) Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family
Core nations are also known as: a) High-income nations b) Newly industrialized nations c) Low-income nations d) Developing nations
A) High-income nations
Sociologists tend to define family in terms of a) how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption b) the connection of bloodlines c) the status roles that exist in a family structure d) how closely members adhere to social norms
A) How a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
Which of the following is an example of legitimation? a) Marley's doctor diagnosing him with Bronchitis b) Chuck giving Damion the flu after sharing a soda C) Kelsey buying Clariton to medicate her allergies d) Rihanna pretending to be ill so she can miss her chemistry exam
A) Marley's doctor diagnosing him with bronchitis
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities? a) Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia b) Plessy v. Ferrguson c) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission d) Brown v. the Board of Education
A) Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Children of divorced parents are ________ to divorce in their own marriage than children who stayed married. a) More likely b) Less likely c) Equally likely
A) More likely
Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives shares? a) Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b) Emphasis on religion as providing social support c) Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life d) None of the above
A) Position that religion relate to social control, enforcing social norms
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that __________. a) Racial segregation in schools was allowed b) Separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional c) Students do not have a right to free speech in public schools d) Students have a right to free speech in public schools
A) Racial segregation in schools was allowed
What are the major factors affecting education systems throughout the world? a) Resources and money b) Student interest c) Teacher interest d) Transportation
A) Resources and money
Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: a) Scientology and the Hare Krishna b) The Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate c) The Branch Davidians and the Manson Family d) Quakers and Pentecostals
A) Scientology and the Hare Krishna
Great Britain's heath care system is an example of __________. a) Socialized medicine b) Private health care c) Single-payer private health care d) Universal private health care
A) Socialized medicine
Which of the following would a social epidemiologist be likely to study? a) The high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in New Mexico b) The prevalence of crime surrounding John Hopkins hospital c) The effects of redistricting on a local election d) The use of cough medicine as a recreational drug for suburban teens
A) The high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in New Mexico
The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of _________. a) The social construction of health b) Medicalization c) Disability accommodations d) A contested illness
A) The social construction of health
The majority of American children live in: a) Two-parent households b) One-parent households c) No-parent households d) Multigenerational households
A) Two-parent households
A type of unilateral descent that follows either the father's or the mother's side exclusively
Ambilineal
The religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world
Animism
Feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time
Anxiety disorders
Belief in no deities
Atheism
Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of ____________. a) A stigmatized disease b) A contested illness c) A disability d) Demedicalization
B) A contested illness
Which of the following best defines Medicare? a) A privately funded health care program which provides heath services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability b) A publicly funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability c) A publicly funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people meet other standards for disability d) A privately funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
B) A publicly funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
Name the religion that practices "The Four Noble Truths" a) Hinduism b) Buddhism c) Islam d) Confucianism
B) Buddhism
The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: a) Evolution and natural selection b) Capitalism c) Determinism d) Prejudice and discrimination
B) Capitalism
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? a) Cultural innovation b) Courtship c) Social placement d) Socialization
B) Courtship
Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Mali goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: a) The education gap b) Cultural capital c) Grade inflation d) Tracking
B) Cultural capital
Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries? a) Middle Income b) High Income c) Low Income d) All are rising at high rates
B) High Income
A cultural universal is something that: a) Addresses all aspects of a group's behavior b) Is found in all cultures c) Is based on social norms d) May or may not be of value in meeting social needs
B) Is found in all cultures
Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? a) It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family b) It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages c) It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior d) It is not based on comprehensive research
B) It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called: a) Deviance b) Medicalization c) Demedicalization d) Intersection Theory
B) Medicalization
Which public health care system offers insurance primarily to people over 65? a) Medicaid b) Medicare c) Veterans Health Administration d) All of the above
B) Medicare
Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? a) Physical abuse b) Neglect c) Shaken-baby syndrome d) Verbal mistreatment
B) Neglect
Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to ___________. a) Lung cancer b) Obesity c) Mental Illness d) Lack of clean water
B) Obesity
A Sect: a) Has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders b) Often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals c) Is another term for a cult d) All of the above
B) Often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals
When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a ________ a) Patridistant Residence b) Patrilocal Residence c) Matrilocal Residence d) Matridistant Residence
B) Patrilocal Residence
Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ___________. a) Challenge gifted students b) Perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status c) Help students who need additional support d) Teach respect for authority
B) Perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
Informal education ____________. a) Describes when students teach their peers b) Refers to the learning of cultural norms c) Only takes place at home d) Relies on a planned instructional process
B) Refers to the learning of cultural norms
What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? a) Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize b) Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers c) Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes d) Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people
B) Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers
Key predictors for student success include ____________. a) How many school-age siblings the student has b) Socioeconomic status and family background c) The age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten d) How many students attend the school
B) Socioeconomic status and family background
You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects becomes sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect? a) Conflict Theory b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Structural Functionalism d) A feminist
B) Symbolic Interactionism
Which program is an example of socialized medicine? a) Canada's system b) The United States' Veterans Health Administration c) The United States' new system under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act d) Medicaid
B) The United States' Veterans Health Administration
Sociologically, what is the immediate family of husband, wife, and children called who live apart from other kin? a) The traditional family b) The nuclear family c) The vertical extended family d) The horizontal extended family
B) The nuclear family
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? a) They are all in Asia b) They recruit top teachers c) They spend more money per student d) They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms
B) They recruit top teachers
Sociologically, what is a family? a) Any couple who have been legally married b) Two or more people who consider themselves to be related by blood, marriage, or adoption. c) A man and a woman and their children engaged in a supportive relationship d) A household composed of people of different sexes
B) Two or more people who consider themselves to be related by blood, marriage, or adoption
The act of entering into marriage while still married to another person
Bigamy
The tracing of kinship through both parents' ancestral lines
Bilateral Descent
What is the Head Start Program? a) A state mandate that determines the eligibility of students who expect to attend college b) A curriculum which requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding c) A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status d) A teaching method which equips students to regurgitate facts in order to do well on standardized tests
C) A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _________ than the family they grew up with. a) Less close b) More close c) At least as close d) None of the above
C) At least as close
Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) The life expectancy of black males in the United States is approximately five years shorter than for white males b) The infant mortality rate for blacks in the United States is almost double than it is for white c) Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites d) Hispanics have worse access to care than non-Hispanics
C) Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites
In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? a) India b) Europe c) China d) The Middle East
C) China
What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry? a) It does not matter because of divorce occurs when two people were incompatible and does not depend on how long people have lived with each other b) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have the exact same divorce rate as the people who don't cohabitate until marriage c) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage d) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly lower divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage
C) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage
The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a) The number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations b) The geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations c) Ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion d) There are no important difference; the terms are interchangeable
C) Ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B is now considered an A). This is known as: a) Academic bribing b) Systematic grading c) Grade inflation d) GPA debt
C) Grade inflation
In general, children in _________ households benefit from divorce. a) Stepfamily b) Multigenerational c) High-conflict d) Low-conflict
C) High-conflict
Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a) The Protestant work ethic b) Conflict management c) Liberation Theology d) Justice Work
C) Liberation Theology
Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality? a) Charter schools b) Head Start c) Mandatory tutoring d) Bussing
C) Mandatory tutoring
If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? a) The child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating b) Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse c) Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child d) The child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress
C) Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child
Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? a) IPV victims are more frequently men than women b) One in ten women is a victim of IPV c) Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol d) Rape is the most common form of IPV
C) Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol
Public schools must guarantee that_____________. a) All students graduate from high school b) All students receive an equal education c) Per-student spending is equitable d) The amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally
C) Per-student spending is equitable
According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low income countries? a) Starvation b) Thirst c) Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases d) All of the above
C) Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
A woman being married to two men would be an example of: a) Monogamy b) Polygyny c) Polyandry d) Cohabitation
C) Polyandry
The US healthcare system consists of: a) Socialized medicine b) Global healthcare c) Public an Private insurance coverage d) Private insurance coverage only
C) Public and private insurance coverage
What will the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. health care reform do? a) Require everyone to buy insurance from the government b) Require everyone to sign up for Medicaid c) Require everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty d) None of the above
C) Require everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
Many stories in the shared text of Judaism are: a) Referred to as the Apocrypha b) Oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text c) Shared by Christianity and Islam d) No longer part of the Torah
C) Shared by Christianity and Islam
Couples who cohabitant before marriage are _______ couples who did not cohabitant before marriage to be married at least 10 years. a) Far more likely than b) Far less likely than c) Slightly less likely than d) Equally as likely to
C) Slightly less likely to
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called __________. a) Affirmative action b) Social control c) Social promotion d) Socialization
C) Social Promotion
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ____________. a) Cultural innovation b) Social control c) Social placement d) Socialization
C) Social placement
Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized? a) Therapists b) The patients themselves c) Society d) All of the above
C) Society
What term describes the separation of students based on merit? a) Cultural transmission b) Social control c) Sorting d) Hidden Curiculum
C) Sorting
The high unemployment rate among the disabled may be a result of ___________. a) Medicalization b) Obesity c) Stigmatization d) All of the above
C) Stigmatization
What sociologist pioneered the concept of "The Sick Role"? a) Pierre Bourdieu b) Howard Becker c) Talcott Parsons d) Stuart Hall
C) Talcott Parsons
The term formal education is defined by the text as: a) Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society b) An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times c) The learning of academic facts and concepts d) The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college
C) The learning of academic facts and concepts
Which of the following is NOT part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective? a) The sick person is not responsible for his condition b) The sick person must try to get better c) The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better d) The sick person is exempt from the normal duties of society
C) The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better
Taylor works as a legal assistant. His insurance doesn't cover treatment for depression, and he spends 15% of his income each month to receive care. This is an example of: a) Public insurance b) Universal healthcare c) Under- insurance d) An individual mandate
C) Under-insurance
When conflict theorists study the division of labor in households they find what? a) All married men and women fight every single day of their lives b) Household labor offers power in the relationship c) When men do more housework, women experience greater satisfaction d) All of the above are correct
C) When men do more housework, women experience greater satisfaction
When a couple shares a residence but is not married
Cohabitation
The changing of something not generally thought of as a commodity into something that can be bought and sold in a marketplace
Commodification
A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is a __________
Conflict Theorist
Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?
Conflict Theorist
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?
Conflict Theorists
Illnesses that are questions or considered questionable by some medical professionals
Contested illnesses
The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
Credentialism
Religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members and have a charismatic leader
Cults
The way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture
Cultural Transmission
Cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture
Cultural capital
Functionalist Theory sees education as serving the needs of _____________. a) Families b) Society c) The individual d) All of the above
D) All of the above
In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? a) Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms b) Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values c) Religions often meet several basic needs d) All of the above
D) All of the above
What do Christianity and Islam have in common? a) Both believe in a single supreme God b) Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts c) Both believe in an afterlife d) All of the above
D) All of the above
What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States? a) None of the above b) Socioeconomic status c) Race d) All of the above
D) All of the above
What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States? a) ADHD b) Mood disorders c) Autism spectrum disorders d) Anxiety disorders
D) Anxiety Disorders
Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of __________. a) Disabilities b) Accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act c) Forms of accessibility for people with disabilities d) Both b and c
D) Both b and c
The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of __________. a) Medicalization b) Deviance c) Interactionist theory d) Demedicalization
D) Demedicalization
Medical Sociology is the systematic study of: a) Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients b) The causes and distributions of diseases c) The rate at which social diseases spread amongst varying socioeconomic populations d) How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy
D) How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy
What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant Church? a) Catholic and Jewish b) Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians c) Scientology and Hare Krishna d) Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
D) Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a ________ society. a) Matrilocal b) Bilateral c) Matrilineal d) Patrilineal
D) Patrilineal
Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision? a) Enlightenment Theory b) Pro vs. Con List c) Logical Approach to Decision-making Theory d) Rational Choice Theory
D) Rational Choice Theory
Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion? a) Religion is a cultural universal b) Religion is a social institution c) Religion is a system of beliefs d) Religion is a symbol of high culture
D) Religion is a symbol of high culture
Which 2 words did Emile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a) Secular; religious b) Unclean; holy c) Ordinary; sanctified d) Sacred; profane
D) Sacred; profane
Current divorce rates are: a) At an all-time high b) At an all-time low c) Steadily increasing d) Steadily declining
D) Steadily declining
Which theory of education focuses on labels acquired through the education process? a) Conflict Theory b) Feminist Theory c) Functionalist Theory d) Symbolic Interactionism
D) Symbolic Interactionism
What group created the Millennium Development Goals? a) UNICEF b) The Kaiser Family Foundation c) Doctors without Borders d) The World Health Organization
D) The World Health Organization
Which of the following best describes the concept of the "The Sick Role"? a) The discriminatory practices used by corporations when an employee takes sick leave b) The social sanctions faced by a person who claims to be sick for too long c) An illness that is questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals d) The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
D) The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
What is social epidemiology? a) The study of why some diseases are stigmatized and others are not b) The study of why diseases spread c) The study of the mental health of a society d) The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
D) The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
Conflict Theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why? a) They are scored in a way that is subject to human error b) They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence c) They don't involve enough test items to cove multiple intelligences d) They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture
D) They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture
What is the primary reason sociologists study religion? a) To prove which religion is superior in doctrine and practice b) To evaluate the truth of a religious teaching c) To verify or disprove the principles of specific faiths d) To study the role that religion plays in people's lives
D) To study the role that religion plays in people's lives
What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability? a) Hidden curiculum b) Labeling c) Self-fulfilling prophecy d) Tracking
D) Tracking
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of __________. a) A latent function b) A manifest function c) Informal education d) Transmission of moral education
D) Transmission of moral education
According to the study cited from the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with _________ grow up with more advantages than children who live with _________. a) One upward parent; one divorced parent b) One divorced parent; two married parents c) One grandparent; two married parents d) One divorced parent; one unwed parent
D) one divorced parent; one unwed parent
The social process that normalizes "sick" behavior
Demedicalization
A large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state
Denomination
A reduction is one's ability to perform everyday tasks; the World Health Organization notes that this is a social limitation
Disability
A religion that is considered the state religion
Ecclesia
A social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms
Education
Sects that last but do not become denominations
Established Sects
A household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
Extended family
Socially recognized groups of individuals who may be joined by blood, marriage, or adoption and who form an emotional and an economic unit of society
Family
A sociologica model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages
Family Life Course
A set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time
Family Life Cycle
The family into which one is born
Family of Orientation
A family that is formed through marriage
Family of Procreation
The learning of academic facts and concepts
Formal Education
Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to keep the social system running smoothly?
Functional Perspective
The idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
Grade Inflation
A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
Head Start Program
The physical limitations a less-able person faces
Impairment
A government rule that requires everyone to have insurance coverage or pay a penalty
Individual Mandate
Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society
Informal Education
Violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship
Intimate Partner Power (IPV)
A person's traceable ancestry (by blood, marriage, and/or adoption)
Kinship
When a physician certifies that an illness is genuine
Legitimation
The use of a church to promote social change via the political arena
Liberation Theology
A legally recognized contract between two or more people in a sexual relationship who have an expectation of permanence about their relationship
Marriage
A type of unilateral descent that follows the mother's side only
Matrilineal Descent
A system in which it is customary for a husband to live with his wife's family
Matrilocal Residence
The systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Medical Sociology
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are refined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy
Medicalization
A Christian church that has a very large congregation averaging more than 2,00 people who attend regular weekly services
Megachurch
When someone is married to only one person at a time
Monogamy
A religion based on belief in a single deity
Monotheism
Long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder
Mood disorders
Requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding
No Child Left Behind Act
Two parents (traditionally a married husband and wife) and children living in the same household
Nuclear Family
A type of unilateral descent that follows the father's line only
Patrilineal Descent
A system in which it is customary for the wife to live with (or near) her husband's family
Patrilocal Residence
Disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them
Personality disorders
A form of marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at a time
Polyandry
The state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time
Polygamy
A form of marriage in which one man is married to more than one woman at one time
Polygyny
A religion based on belief in multiple deities
Polytheism
Health insurance that a person buys from a private company; private health care can either be employer-sponsored or direct-purchase
Private health care
Health insurance that is funded or provided by the government
Public health care
A system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant
Religion
Specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true
Religious Beliefs
The conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"
Religious Experience
Behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular group
Religious rituals
A small, new offshoot of a denomination
Sect
A group of medical symptoms such as brain swelling and retinal hemorrhage resulting from forcefully shaking or impacting an infant's head
Shaken-baby syndrome
The patterns of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
Sick role
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
Social Epidemiology
The use of education to improve one's social standing
Social Placement
When the government owns and runs the entire health care system
Socialized medicine
When stereotypes don't change, they get recycled for application to a new subordinate group
Stereotype interchangeability
When someone's identity is spoiled; they are labeled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability
Stigmatization
Are those that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society
Stigmatization of illness
Which of the main theoretical perspective would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?
Symbolic interactionism
Belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings
Totemism
A formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuates inequalities
Tracking
Those who spend at least 10% of their income on health care costs that are not covered by insurance
Underinsured
The tracing of kinship through one parent only
Unilateral Descent
The equal ability of all people to participate in an education system
Universal Success
A system that guarantees health care coverage for everyone
Universal health care
When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of _____________. a) Liberation Theology b) Zero-Tolerance Theology c) Protest Theology d) Social Theology
a) Liberation Theology
Megachurches tend to have: a) A variety of male and female clergy b) Numerous buildings in which to meet c) High attendance for only a limited time d) Large areas where services are held
c) High attendance for only a limited time
The median age of first marriage has __________ in the last 50 years. a) Increased for men but not women b) Decreased for men but not women c) Increased for both men and women d) Decreased for both men and women
c) Increased for both men and women
The __________ records Jewish interpretations of the _________ which is their sacred text. a) Torah; Talmud b) Tanakh; Tawrat c) Talmud; Torad d) Hasidic texts; Aggadic Midrashim
c) Talmud; Torah