Sociology: The Family, Chapters 4 & 5

Lee's Styles of Love

A categorization of six types of love that describe how couples are attracted to one another.

Reiss's Wheel Theory of Love

A developmental theory that shows relationships moving from the establishment of rapport, to self-revelation, mutual dependence, and finally, need fulfillment.

Hari and Lata were born in India, but currently live in the U.S. They are both from traditional rural Indian families, so when they married, a dowry was exchanged. What is a dowry?

A dowry is a financial gift by a bride's family to her new husband and his family.

Sexology

A field composed of a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, and educators who study sexuality.

Dowry

A financial gift given to a woman's prospective in-laws by her parents.

Controlling the Development of Love

A macro-level perspective on love suggesting that all societies control or channel love.

Which of the following is a component of the male script?

A man's looks are relatively unimportant, but his status is enhanced if he is with a beautiful woman.

Courtly Love

A poetic style of the Middle Ages when poets or troubadours would write songs of unrequited love and present them at the court of their aristocratic/royal masters.

Love

A strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personalties; attraction based on sexual desire; and affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests.

Transsexual

A subset of transgender persons who transition to the sex that conforms to their identity.

Attachment Theory

A theory postulating that the way in which infants form attachments early in life affects relationships throughout later life.

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

A theory that sees love as having three elements: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Romantic Love

A type of love characterized by passion, melodrama, and excitement, and that receives a lot of media attention.

Companionate Love

A type of love that grows over time, based on strong commitment, friendship, and trust.

Menarche

A woman's first menstrual period.

Roughly, how many people now believe that same-sex relationships should be legal?

About two-thirds

Attachment in children:

Affects how they develop close relationships throughout their lives.

Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment

An attachment type where infants become nervous when their parent leaves the room and can show rejection when the parent returns.

Secure Attachment

An attachment type where infants feel safe when their mothers are out of sight.

Avoidant Attachment

An attachment type where infants show little attachment to their primary parent.

Sociobiology

An evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material.

Bisexual

An orientation in which a person is attracted to both males and females.

Some of the earliest stories of love come from:

Ancient Greek and Roman mythology.

Jackson is the type of person who is insecure about relationships. He tends to get close to a partner very quickly, usually well before she does. He often worries that his partner doesn't really love him, or won't want to stay with him. Which attachment style best describes Jackson?

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

In the opening vignette, Chris and Kayla:

Are young adults discussing casual sex and hookups.

Our earliest forms of love are:

Attachments to our primary caregiver.

The study of Anna, during the 1930s, showed an example of a/an:

Avoidant attachment.

Which perspective is based on theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people, at which point the brain releases natural chemicals that give us a "rush" that we experience as sexual attraction?

Biochemical

Robert Sternberg's Triangle Theory of Love conceptualized love as a process with three interconnected components: passion, intimacy, and __________.

Commitment

Lois and Doug have been married for many years. Although the "excitement" of their love is not something they think much about these days, they both value their commitment to one another and strong feeling of trust. What type of love best describes their relationship?

Companionate love

The marriage between Rati and Subas, in the opening vignette, is an example of __________.

Companionate love

The type of love that grows over time, and is based on strong commitment, friendship, and trust is called __________.

Companionate love

Stalking

Conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to be fearful.

Which of the following is a macro-level perspective on love?

Controlling the Development of Love

A poetic style of the Middle Ages, when poets or troubadours would write songs of unrequited love and present them at the court of their aristocratic or royal masters, is referred to as:

Courtly love.

In contrast to "sex," the term "gender" refers to __________.

Culturally and socially constructed differences between the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with femininity and masculinity

Compared to 1890, the average age of menarche has:

Declined.

In the opening vignette, Chris thinks that a _________ still exists: females who have many sexual partners are treated more harshly than are men.

Double standard

What is the name of the process beginning in the 19th century in which love became associated with the private work of women in the home, namely nurturing and caring for family members?

Feminization of love

In contrast to Subas and Rati, most Americans try to control and channel love using what mechanism?

Formally free

In her book Girls and Sex, Peggy Orenstein spoke with more than 70 young women between the ages of 15 and 20 about their attitudes and early experiences with a full range of physical intimacy. She found that __________.

Girls are being taught from pornography to please their partners without regard to their own desires

What is the name of the cracker that was developed in the 1930s to help men control their sexual urges?

Graham Crackers

Heterosexual

Having an attraction and preference for developing romantic and sexual relationships with the opposite sex.

Homosexual

Having an attraction and preference for relationships with members of one's own sex.

Homophobia (or anti-gay prejudice)

Having very strong negative feelings toward homosexuality.

Charvi would like to invite her family of procreation to a party that she is having at her house. Whom of the following would she invite?

Her son

Which of the following statements would someone with an anxious-ambivalent attachment be most likely to say?

I tend to get close to a partner very quickly, usually before they do.

Jolene and her boyfriend had sexual intercourse last night. She did not have an orgasm. Which of the following reasons is most likely?

Intercourse alone provides insufficient stimulation for most women.

Lauren was born with sexual anatomy that does not perfectly fit the typical definitions of what is considered female or male. She has some features of both. This term is called __________.

Intersexed

Which of the following stalking behaviors is the most common?

Left unwanted text or voice messages

Evan and Clara have a strong affection for one another based on admiration, common interests, and a sense of obligation toward one another. Which of the following best describes their relationship?

Love

__________ is defined as (1) a strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties; (2) attraction based on sexual desire; and (3) affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests.

Love

The "romantic love ideal" developed during the 18th and 19th centuries includes five core beliefs. Which is not one of these core beliefs?

Love is a struggle

Which of the following styles of love represents a playful and carefree style of love, according to John Lee's typology?

Ludus

Ancient Greek and Roman mythology and early Christianity did not equate love with:

Marriage.

Men:

May not get credit for their expressions of love.

Which of the following is true regarding sex differences in love, according to your text?

Men are more likely than women to be looking for a partner and they fall in love sooner.

We learn our sexual scripts from several sources. Which is not one of these sources?

Menarche

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

One critique of attachment theory is that both positive and negative events happening in later childhood or adulthood can also shape attachment style.

What is unique about the relationship between Rati and Subas?

Rati and Subas have an arranged marriage.

Which of the following statements about Subas and Rati, featured in the opening vignette, best describes their marriage?

Rati and Subas show that companionate love can be fulfilling.

Claire was devastated when she found that her husband had an affair with a colleague at work. She felt threatened by the loss of an important relationship. This is an example of:

Rational jealousy.

Antonio and Julia are in love. It is a passionate, melodramatic, and an exciting experience! What type of love are they likely experiencing?

Romantic love

__________ attachments reflect children's confidence in knowing their caregiver would be available when needed, an assurance that comes from the caregiver having been warm, responsive, and consistently available to infants over time.

Secure

Extramarital Sex

Sex, while married, with someone other than your spouse.

Hooking Up

Sexual interactions without commitment or even affection for one another.

Which of the following is true regarding sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation is likely caused by a complex set of biological and social factors.

Our culture prohibits sex with animals. This norm or rule is called a __________.

Sexual script

The norms or roles surrounding sexual behavior are called __________.

Sexual scripts

Masturbation

Sexually stimulating one's own body.

Emily has reached her menarche, which means:

She had her first menstrual period.

Who argued that all people are born with biologically based sex drives? These drives must be channeled through socially approved outlets; otherwise, the individual will experience conflict within himself or herself, with the family, or with society at large.

Sigmund Freud

What is the name of the evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material?

Sociobiology

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, activities such as (1) making unwanted telephone calls; (2) sending unsolicited or unwanted letters or e-mails; (3) following or spying on the victim; (4) showing up at places without a legitimate reason; (5) waiting at places for the victim; (6) leaving unwanted items, presents, or flowers; and (7) posting information or spreading rumors about the victim on the Internet, in a public place, or by word of mouth are examples of:

Stalking.

Richard and his partner Conner have been together for many years. They began as friends, and over time the relationship moved forward in its degree of commitment and intimacy. It is a comfortable love, with mutual trust, compatibility, and respect. Which style of love does this represent?

Storge

Which of Lee's styles of love best describes the relationship of Subas and Rati, in the opening vignette?

Storge

Women:

Tend to lean toward storge and pragma styles of love.

Among the Mangaia people of Polynesia, both girls and boys are expected to have a high level of sexual desire in early adolescence. In contrast to the Mangaia, the Dani of New Guinea show little interest in sex beyond what is needed for reproduction. This illustrates:

That sex is social.

Benito and Clarissa broke off their relationship. Identify the macro-level factor for their breakup.

The high unemployment in their community prevented Benito from finding a good job.

Double Standard

The idea that men have been allowed far more permissiveness in sexual behavior than women.

Sexual Scripts

The norms or rules regarding sexual behavior.

Oral Sex

The oral stimulation of the genitals.

Fellatio

The oral stimulation of the man's genitals by his partner.

Cunnilingus

The oral stimulation of the woman's genitals by her partner.

Feminization of Love

The process beginning in the 19th century in which love became associated with the private work of women in the home, namely, nurturing and caring for family members.

With respect to relationships and breakups:

The relationship between adolescent romance and self-esteem could be, at least in part, a selection effect

Definitions of love, the importance of attachment, theoretical perspectives, and the experiences of love are generally __________for same-sex couples as compared to heterosexual couples.

The same

Sexual Orientation

The sexual and romantic pattern of partners of choice.

Biochemical Perspective of Love

Theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people, at which point the brain releases natural chemicals that give us a "rush" we experience as sexual attraction.

Intersexed

Those born with genitalia that do not clearly identify them as unambiguously male or female, but instead have combined features of both.

Rachel was born male, and was named Ronald by her parents. But, all her life she felt that she was really a girl. When she was in her late 30s she had a sex reassignment surgery to ensure that her body conformed to her identity. Rachel is an example of someone who is __________.

Transsexual

According to adults in a survey, what is the top feature of love?

Trust

Have you ever felt that you loved a person, but he or she didn't love you? Or that someone loved you, but you didn't feel the same way? This is referred to as __________.

Unrequited love

Evan had a crush on Lily, but the feelings were not reciprocated. This is an example of:

Unrequited love.

Which of the following best describes Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

Various combinations of the three elements breed different kinds of love.

The "romantic love ideal" developed during the 18th and 19th centuries. Which of the following is a core belief of this ideal?

We should marry for love.

Transgender

When a person feels as comfortable, if not more so, in expressing gendered traits that are associated with the other sex.

Unrequited Love

When one person's feelings are not reciprocated by the other person in the relationship.

With respect to stalking, which of the following statements is true?

Women are about twice as likely to be stalked as are men.