Sociology

27: What did Max Weber mean when he said that modern people are trapped in an "iron cage"?

Most aspects of life are increasingly controlled by rigid rules and rationizations

22: Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?

Normlessness, or a loss of connections to the social world

25: One of Karl Marx's most important achievements was developing the principle of praxis. What does this mean that he thought intellectuals should do?

Not just theorize about the world but change it

13. Researcher Pam Fishman noticed that within heterosexual couples, women are more likely than me to use questions in conversations. why is this finding sociologically important?

Questions are more likely to be used by the partner with less power, so Fishman's research demonstrates connections between general social structures and individual behaviors.

21: Emile Durkheim suggested that in traditional societies, people were bounded together through mechanical solidarity. What was the basis of these sorts of bonds?

Shared traditions and similar experiences

8. What is the sociological imagination?

The ability to understand the connections between biography and history, or the interplay of the self and the world

12. Together and in groups, people organize their lives and their social interactions to produce a real meaningful world. Sociologist can study this because:

We organize our lives in pattered ways.

3. Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior. Given this information, which of the following levels of social structure best describes what sociologist might examine?

Almost any level—from interactions between two people to large-scale institutions

4. Sociologist can be approached from both microsociological and a macro sociological perspective. Which is more useful?

Both are useful in different ways, because they each provide different types of information about the same object of study.

26: Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

Bureaucracies

1. Sociologists observe society:

By studyingthe various parts of society, and the way they interact and influence each other

20: What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

Capitalism

23: According to the theoretical position developed by Karl Marx, what is the engine of social changes?

Conflict between social groups

2. Unlike sociologist, most people base their knowledge of the world on:

Conventional wisdom, background knowledge, and personal experience

14. The reality television show Wife Swap exchanges the matriarchs from two very different families and films the result as the participants are exposed to radically different ways of life. Although the television network is simply trying to be entertaining, the show also demonstrates the sociological principle of.

Culture shock

19: Who coined the phrase "the survival of the fittest" ?

Herbert Spencer

17: Unlike earlier religious traditions that attempted to determine the ultimate cause or source of reality, Auguste Comte developed positivism in order to:

Identify laws that describe the behavior of a particular reality

7. Regardless of their various approaches to social phenomena, what are all sociologist trying to do?

Illuminate the connection between the individual and society

24: What does Marx see as the primary tool for the oppression of the lower classes in modern society?

Industrial capitalism

5. Which of the following statements best characterize micro sociology?

It is an approach that examines interactions between individuals and the way those interactions reflect larger patterns within a society.

10. Why would culture be a useful state of mind for a sociologist?

It makes us realize that we lack an understanding of our surroundings, so we are truly able to perceive what is right in front of us.

11. Many everyday cultural practices— such as greeting a friend, giving someone flowers, or using the thumbs up sign—seem like natural ways of acting. Why does having an awareness of how these practices vary across cultures demonstrate a healthy sociological imagination?

It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger social structures

18: Harriet Martineau supported many ideas that were radical for her time, including:

Labor unions and the abolition of slavery

15. Many Marxist sociological assume that large- scale economic structures are the most important factors of peoples lives. This assumption is an example of.

Macrosociolgy

9. Why did C. Wright Mills think that it is important for everyone, even people who will never take a sociology class, develop a sociologist imagination?

Many people remain unaware of the intricate connections between the patter of their own lives and the larger course of history.

6. Which of the following statements best describes the approach taken by marcosociologists?

Marco sociology examines large-scale social structures to see how it affects individual lives.

16: If you posses a sociological imagination and someone ask you to study unemployment rates in a city of fifty-million people where fifteen million are unemployed, where should you start

You should consider the economic and political structures of the society