SOCY 1101

A contemporary sociologist is asked to express his viewpoint about social structure and individuals. Which of the following statements is the contemporary sociologist most likely to say?

"Life is a balance between an individual's free will and a society's deeply ingrained structure."

Religion is a potent marker of ______.

"us versus them"

What association is attributed to a situation in which perfect social immobility exists?

1

When conducting an occupational sex segregation study, which number would sociologists use to indicate an occupation is completely segregated?

100

Until the late _____ women interested in the medical field were encouraged to become nurses instead of doctors.

1970s

Approximately _____ percent of school funding comes from local sources.

44

Almost _____ percent of married mothers with children under the age of one year are employed.

55

What is the average gain in earnings from the last job abroad to the first in the United States for men and women?

68 percent for men; 62 percent for women

Approximately _____ percent of all private high school students attend Catholic school.

75

Within three months of the WCTU pray-in in December 1873, taverns closed in over _____ communities.

75

Which of the following best exemplifies how self-understanding can be influenced by others' reactions?

A child feels good about a test score after receiving a hug from a parent.

Which of the following describes how social structures are most likely to change?

A part of a social structure might change gradually and over time.

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between data analysis and research?

A qualitative sociologist is likely to organize her primary data into key categories and concepts.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and social institutions?

A role is a position within an institution or organization that comes with specific social expectations for how to behave and be treated.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between a sociology imagination and stereotypes?

A sociological imagination challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where they come from.

In appraising the issue of campaign contributions, we find that even those candidates with the best reputations accept large amounts of money from wealthy groups with specific political interests. Why is this so?

A successful campaign is very costly

What is the relationship of a war to a revolution?

A war can lead to a revolution

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between social class and an individual's life chances?

A woman is less likely to get promoted to a position that pays a higher salary than a man.

Which of the following is a true statement about social structures?

All societies have a form of social structure

Alycia was raised by a wealthy family, whereas Brandi was raised by a family in poverty. According to sociologist, how will their lives most likely be different?

Alycia will receive more life chances than Brandi.

Because of workers in Mexico and the Caribbean, ______.

America clothing is less expensive

Winona is a Native American of Sioux origin. What race would she enter in her 2010 census document?

American Indian

Immigrants have come to the United States from many different countries; in recent years many immigrants have come from Mexico. If the Mexican American population continues to grow in the United States, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Americans may feel threatened and may exclude Mexican Americans by active discrimination.

Which of the following is an example of one-dimensional power?

An opponent blackmails a candidate into dropping out of the race.

Why do many middle-class African Americans work in the government sector?

Anti-discrimination laws are more easily enforced there.

Which question would be more effective to ask to determine what track a student is on?

Are you taking honors or AP courses?

Polygamy is illegal in the United States. Using the ideas of Howard Becker, what conclusions can you draw?

At one time polygamy was probably considered normal or legal, then at some point attitudes changed and a social construct that said polygamy was deviant and created.

Why might America be so religious compared to other industrialized countries?

Because of the relative diversity of the United States

Bette was born in 1945. All her life she has been active in church. As her family grew they all become active in church as well. She had two children, both boys, one born in 1960 and the other in 1964. She has a grandson in 1989. Which of the following is most likely true about Bette's family's religiosity?

Bette is more religious than her two children and her grandson because of her age cohort membership.

Which of the following is an example of an egalitarian relationship?

Both parents work part-time jobs and spend equal time caring for children.

What is a distinction between the Bronzeville-era black communities and the desolate violent black ghetto of the 1980s?

Bronzeville-era communities had different segments of the black community living, working, and playing in close proximity.

Which of the following statements best highlights the relationship between social roles and playing games?

Children may play games that include role playing. By practicing to be adults, these children are learning their assigned roles.

Which of the following is the best example of a casual inference?

Confusing voter registration laws result in some voters not knowing how to register.

Why is it problematic to assume purchasing healthcare is similar to making decisions about other consumer purchases, such as buying a plane ticket or household appliance?

Consumers don't have as much information available to them about the medical profession as they do for other "commodities"

____ is the term used to describe when two factors or two social phenomena "co-vary" with each other.

Correlation

Victoria wants to run her own business. Jonathan hopes to be hired by a large firm. Which is true about credentials?

Credentials are probably more important for Jonathan.

_____ refers to a well-structured set of content and lessons for people to learn.

Curriculum

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between discrimination and subordinate groups?

Discrimination maintains social hierarchies.

A teenager notices that he prefers action movies, whereas his sister prefers to watch comedies. What sort of sociological question could be based on this teenager's personal experience?

Do more men than women prefer action movies?

Which of the following questions asks a person to identify his or her social identity?

Do you practice a religion, and if so, what religion?

A good sociological question will help a researcher do more than make generalizations about people. Which of the following is a good sociology question?

Does being born into poverty increase the chances that a person will stay in poverty?

A researcher has formulated a clear research question that can be studied and that balances general and specific details. Also, the researcher doe not know the answer to this question and cares about getting the answer. What else should the researcher consider to determine whether or not the question is good for a study?

Does the question connect to existing literature or studies?

Select the description that is closet to what Howard Becker might conclude about mass incarceration.

Drug use evolved over time to form a social construct to label drug users as deviants, which has overloaded prisons.

Sociologist suggest that people reveal different parts of their personalities to others in different social situations. What is another way to describe this phenomenon?

Everyone shares different parts of his or her identity at different times.

Whose research would you draw to argue that the blase attitude of urban dwellers was a shield against the chaos of the city?

Georg Simmel

Which ethnic identity was formed most recently as a category in Western thought?

Hispanic

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between the United States and Mexico?

Increased border control keeps many Mexican immigrants in the United States.

Why might there be a "migration corridor" where workers travel from Bangladesh to India?

India has more jobs to offer because of western outsourcing

What is the relationship between education and a feeling of social support?

Individuals with more education are more likely to participate in civic and political events and activities than those with less education. This provides more social involvement and leads to feeling higher levels of social support.

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between formal and informal rules?

Informal rules fill the spaces between formal rules by allowing for expectations in social behavior that are generally agreed upon.

For adapting, which identity might someone in the United States receive the least scrutiny from other people?

Irish

How does the ability to reject narrow gender roles affect a family?

It benefits the family both financially and emotionally.

How did the Hart-Cellar Act in 1965 impact neighborhoods?

It changed the ethnic diversity in neighborhoods by changing where immigrants came from.

How is chines syncretism the most complicated of all the major religions?

It combines features of different religions, making it difficult to classify.

In the market everyone is the same: rich or poor, men or women, adults of children, brilliant or unintelligent, teachers or students/ What is wrong with this statement?

It does not take power and status into account

Which of the following is true of care work?

It is as essential to a household's survival as is bringing in an income.

What conclusions can you draw about globalizations?

It is difficult to distinguish the impact of globalization versus deregulation of markets, but it does not appear that globalization has led to stronger economies--at least, not yet.

How has recent economic restructuring affected family life?

It is more difficult for families to survive on only one income.

What was the aim of the Diversity Visa Program?

It made visas available for African immigrants

Which of the following statements about the Clean Water Act is true?

It openly flouted by many corporations who are not fined for their actions.

A population has completed its first demographic transition. What do the stylized facts characterizing the first demographic transition indicate will happen to the number of people in this group as time goes on?

It will stay the same or decline.

Which country supports maternal care but does not support equal employment for women?

Italy

What is an example of a former ethnic enclave that is now a diverse neighborhood?

Little Italy in New York City

How do the environmental policies of the developed world affect the developing world?

Many Western countries place their toxic factories in developing countries.

Marin asks a sociologist how to classify the relatives that she's gained over the course of her life, in particular, her partner and children. How would a sociologist respond?

Marin has a family of procreation.

Which of the following pairs of social theorists both emphasized how social class matters in social life?

Marx and Bourdieu

Which of the following government programs provide healthcare only to Americans ages 65 and older?

Medicare

What is true about education and life expectancy?

Men with more education live an average of 5 years longer than men with less education.

Blanca works for an American-based TNC in a maquiladora to support herself her family. Which country does she most likely reside in?

Mexico

Which is an example of a megacity?

Mexico City, Mexico

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between inequality and mobility?

More inequality indicates less mobility

Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?

Most wealthy children are spoiled.

Mrs. Jones and Mr. Wong teach in the same school district, but in different parts of town. Mrs. Jones teachers in an upper middle class neighborhood. Mr. Wong teacher in a poor area of town. What can you infer about the educational experience?

Mr. Wong probably has few materials and his students probably encounter less-valued curricula and are less prepared for the next level of education than Mrs. Jone's students.

Mass economic crises were the trigger for most of the Arab Spring revolutions. Is it likely that the economic crisis in the United States will also cause a revolution?

No. A democracy has never been overthrown

Clifford is recovering from a stroke, but will have some permanent speech and movement disability. Is Clifford eligible for hospice care?

No. One must be terminally ill for hospice care.

The civil rights movement used mostly peaceful protest tactics and achieved most of its goals. What does this say about the use of tactics in social movements?

Nonviolent groups are more likely to succeed.

A sociologist wants to know the reasons some people break up with their romantic partners through e-mail and the reasons other people break up in person. Which of the following would be the most reliable way to conduct this research?

Observe people's real behaviors and interactions.

How was inequality most present in primitive hunting and gathering societies?

Only a small number of people had deicion-making power.

The fact that people now value companionship more than economics in a relationship is indicative of what shift in cultural ideas of marriage?

People apply higher standards when selecting a mate.

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between power and privilege?

People who are granted privileges in their society are likely to have more access to power than others

What has contributed to a change in the attitudes of Americans toward interracial unions or multiracial people?

Policy shifts revising racial classifications and interracial unions changed public attitudes.

Which of the following statements best highlights the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative research relies on words, pictures, and observations, whereas quantitative research relies on statistical analysis.

How is the deforestation of rainforests connected to global warming?

Rainforests convert CO2 into oxygen

What is the difference between refugee and asylum statuses?

Refugee status is sought by someone outside the United States, whereas asylum status is for someone already on US soil

Why are religious and ethnic conflicts difficult to differentiate?

Religion and culture are often intertwined.

How might modernization in some countries contribute to the rise of religion in other countries?

Religious societies have a higher birth rate and have more children than irreligious ones.

Sharon and Bob are a married, middle-class, white couple. Sandra and Ken are a married, working-class, black couple. Of these four individuals, who would an epidemiologist most likely say will live the longest?

Sharon

Georgia is a medical doctor who earns a salary each year that is not dependent on the number of patients she has or tests/procedures she performs. Which of the following is most likely true about Georgia?

She is probably not a doctor in the United States

What can you conclude about the individual and community life in modern society?

Social isolation is a concern.

Which of the following statements about social structures is true?

Social structures tend to endure for long periods.

Which of the following affects how Alicia determines race when she sees a person?

Socialization affects her interpretation of physical descriptions.

Which of the following statements best respects the relationship between sociology and other social science disciplines?

Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African American studies, gender studies, demography and criminology.

How do status changes impact the social roles of individuals?

Status changes confer different role expectations for individuals.

_____ is socially deviant and _____ is statistically deviant.

Stealing; not having a cell phone

Which of these nations has yet to complete the first transitional phase of population growth?

Sudan

Tam is able to attend a highly competitive college because his parents have enough income to pay the tuition. Lai is only able to attend night classes at a less competitive college because she has to work during the day to pay tuition. Which statement best describes this scenario?

Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts.

Why was he end of the civil rights movement significant?

The Voting Rights Act was passed, ending the struggle to secure political rights for minorities.

What conclusion can you draw about the consequences of incarceration?

The consequences affect many more people than just the prisoner; they also impact the prisoner's family, friends, and society as a whole.

Adam was born in a poor family in Chicago. When he grows up he wants to be a doctor. How does the educational system affect the social mobility of a person from a poor family, like Adam, who wishes to become a doctor?

The educational system preserves privileged access to some positions, making success more difficult for those without economic privilege.

Which of the following statements is true according to sociologists?

The familistic package considers famalies to be a social unit with multiple dimensions.

Which of the following trends would most affect the life of a college student preparing for the working world?

The fastest-growing occupations are those at the top skills levels.

Which of the following states the relationship between automobiles and edge cities?

The growth of automobile ownership in developing countries has led to a steep increase in the number of edge cities.

With no other clue than behavior, how might you differentiate between a middle-class child and a working-class child?

The middle-class child would probably work hard at the tasks she was given, whereas the working-class child would have to be constrained (compelled by force)

How does having a criminal record impact job prospects of black Americans in comparison to white Americans?

The negative effects of a criminal record are 40 percent greater for black job applicants than for white job applicants.

Why is Sudan's age pyramid actually shaped like a pyramid?

The people there tend to die young.

A person is the vice president of a department in a company. Which of the following would illustrate the most significant change in the person's social status?

The person is fired from the vice president position and is unemployed.

Several major social science groups and associations were first founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. What does this show?

The rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups.

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between the state and the individual?

The state can have an enormous impact on individual lives through shifts in government power.

Baby Alyssa is born in a hospital with a lot of resources, staff and modern equipment. Baby Brandi is born in a hospital with older equipment, few staff, and little resources. Which statement best describes this scenario?

The two babies are born into different social contexts.

One worker at a local grocery store chain is unhappy with the company's sick leave policy. The worker wants to start a petition to present to upper management. According to what sociologists know about social conformity, which of the following situations would most likely result in the worker actually starting the petition?

The worker has at least one other ally to support the petition.

____ can help explain social change.

Theories

What differentiates a hookup from other kinds of sex?

There is no expectation of a relationship.

If the global market was marked on a map by groups of squares, what would it look like?

There would be a concentration of squares in regions such as North America and the European Union with only a few squares in between.

Which of the following describes a way that significant others, role models, and reference groups are alike?

They all adhere to the generalized other.

How might attending a concert be similar to a religious service?

They both offer a shared experience and sense of community

With the exception of the second generation, why is each successive generation potentially worse off than the previous one?

They do not inherit the migrant energy

Though animism and paganism are not specific religions, why are they important?

They help designate whole classes of religions

What might one conclude about the social class of the majority of home-schooling family situations?

Two-parent white families with higher incomes can afford to have a parent stay home to educate the children.

What did the report carried out by George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers find?

US citizens benefit from immigration

How did urbanization lead to the development of sociology?

Urbanization caused various social problems, and people wanted to study these problems.

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between norms and sanctions?

Violating social norms is likely to result in informal sanctions.

Sociologists would agree with which of the following statements with regard to future family policies in the United States?

We need to think more critically about how "equal opportunity" applies to families.

Which of the following research questions would lead to a cross-national comparison?

What causes England's infant mortality rate to be lower than the United States' infant mortality rate?

Which of the following is true according to ethnomethodologists?

When it is appropriate to cry can depend on the society in which a person lives.

Which is true of the gender disparity among people earning college degrees in the United States?

Women receive more college degrees than men.

In order to persist, an organization needs ______.

a bureaucracy

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "social structure"?

a collection of different parts of society

Last night Jenny went out to enjoy pretzels, bee, and a martial arts movie with her boyfriend. Tonight she is going to try out a new French restaurant and see a foreign film with her girlfriends. Jenny is an example of _____.

a cultural omnivore

Which of the following is an example of a patriarchy?

a government where officials are mostly male

Which of the following is the best example of a cultural symbol?

a green traffic light

In what way, besides money, might a plumber be more satisfies with his job compared to a low-level office employee?

a high level of autonomy

In which family would a divorce likely benefit the development of children?

a high-conflict family

A researcher is planning a study to find out whether the number of hours of sleep a student gets before an exam affects the score the student achieves. The researcher thinks that fewer hours of sleep will result in the student achieving a lower exam score. This is an example of ____.

a hypothesis

Which of the following correctly defines the term "institution"?

a long-lasting social custom or tradition

Daniel is the CEO of a large financial company based in New York City. He owns an apartment on Park Avenue. Daniel is most likely _____.

a member of the 1 percent

Rupert Murdoch, owner of one of the world's largest media conglomerates, is best characterized as ____.

a member of the bourgeoisie

In today's world it is almost a taken for granted assumption that an individual will identify with ______.

a nation

A parent tells a child he is not supposed to eat food off the ground. This rule is an example of _____.

a norm

Which of the following is a process of gendered socialization?

a parent dressing a child

Splitting a research group arbitrarily into two smaller groups is an example of _____.

a random-assignment experiment

A monarch dies and several rivals begin to fight for the throne. Now is the perfect time for _____.

a revolution

In the attempt to convert to global cities, local governments have caused _____.

a shift in focus from local citizens to global businesses

Imagine you are entering an elevator full of other people. When you step in you most likely turn around to face the door like everyone else. This behavior is an example of which sociological concept?

a social norm

Which of the following is an example of a study a sociologist would conduct in the field of ethnomethodology?

a study of how people of different genders talk to one another

A particular group of young people always dresses in black. The women wear heavy, pale makeup , and the men have multiple piercings. They are devoted to discussing and creating art and music about death. This group is _____.

a subculture

What does the New Immigrant Survey offer?

a systematic study of assimilation data

If a big company uses its power to put its competitors out of business, it would be considered ______.

a violation of regulations

A patrilocal society is likely to include _____.

a wife who lives with her husband's parents

Representatives of a parents' group that opposes some policies of the local school board are invited to speak at a board meeting. A social movement's scholars would say this group has achieved _____.

acceptance by the opposition

Which of the following uses explicit awareness of race in order to promote equality?

affirmative action

In recent decades, which group has realized an increase in their rates of birth outside of a marriage?

all groups in American society

One way of explaining the digital divide is that _____.

all people do not have equal access to online mass communication

Which person would have been most likely to die during Hurricane Katrina?

an elderly black woman

Which job is most likely to be complemented by technological progress?

an executive-level job

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "institution" ?

an important practice that society has followed for a long time

Looking at the percentages of foreign direct investment--money invested in other countries, rather than goods sold--what would we expect to find?

an increasing percentage of investment in keeping with the rapid pace of globalization

Congress is drafting a bill that will reduce the president's power. The president threatens to veto it, and Congress withdraws the bill. The president has demonstrated power, not by the exercise of power, but by the ______ of power.

anticipation

Sexual behavior, attraction, and identity _____.

are not always consistent

A sociological imagination requires that we look at the world around us and _____.

ask deep and meaningful questions

Which movement could be classified as a current attempt to regulate morality?

banning gay marriage

Physical presence in the United States, knowledge of English, and "good moral character" are parts of the process of ______.

becoming a naturalized citizen

To get recruits to support his free-speech social movement, Elliot regularly visited college campuses and talked informally to students. He did this because of the students' _____.

biographical availability

According to the "one-drop rule," a person with three white grandparents and one black grandparents and one black grandparent would be considered _____.

black

Conversational precision refers to ____.

body language cues and brief pauses that people use in their conversations

Sociologists stress that mobility is an attribute of _____.

both individuals and society

You do not have time to rally the entire city, but you do want to encourage the local government to make some changes to land-use policy. What group will probably be most influential in helping you to convince the local government to make the changes you want?

business people

The United States lags far behind most other Western countries in reducing poverty. How can it apply the methods of other states to close this gap?

by raising taxes

A conclusion about how one factor can result in a change in another factor known as a ____.

casual inference

A _____ is a count of the entire population.

census

In terms of social interaction, strangers not making eye contact as they walk past each other is best described as ______, but could also be considered _____.

civil inattention; an informal rule

The end goal of conservationists is to have land available for _____ use by _____ generations.

commercial; future

Rita has always wanted to be a child psychologist. With this goal in mind, she has worked very hard in school and at low-level jobs. Now she is opening her own child psychology clinic. Rita was probably raised with ______.

concerted cultivation

The specific church, temple, or mosque people attend is called the _____.

congregation

Which of the following is a term coined by two political scientists regarding the nature of Americans' contradictory views on public policy?

conservative egalitarians

As our society shifts from a manufacturing base to a knowledge base, the goal of the social movements becomes to _____.

control social change by controlling a society's symbols and self-understandings.

It is very common for individuals to _____ to other religions or denominations over the course of their lifetimes. However, _____ are more likely to do so into new religious movements.

convert; women

Which water-based problem is most common in the United States?

cow manure entering waterways

The historical legacy of slavery, racial discrimination, and segregation _____.

created severe social and economic inequalities for racial minorities that affect their education

The education, attitudes, and preferences by which others judge you are, collectively, your _____.

cultural capital

The second demographic transition refers to which of the following?

cultural changes in norms and values about family life

Bailey organized a series of protests of her college's admission policies. The administration did not change the policies, but many students and faculty were made aware of and developed their own opinions about them. In this case Bailey's protests had _____ .

cultural consequences

Beth and some of her college friends disagreed with a certain campus policy. They made a video pointing out the flaws in this policy and posted it on YouTube and Facebook. This is an example of _____.

cultural democracy

After completing a study on the elderly and the costs of healthcare, a sociologist notices a pattern. The sociologist notices that the cost of prescription medication increases as the age of the elderly person increases. This pattern became easily noticeable after the sociologist constructed a ____.

data display

Which of the following best describes the means by which the less powerful gain access to policy formation?

developing efficient social movements

A baby born into a population that has gone through the epidemiological transition will be likely to ______.

die of a chronic disease

Which of the following best explains the urban ecology approach?

different groups of the population move to the areas where they thrive

Preparing students to meet the needs of businesses is the role of which function of education?

economic

Tysons Corner, Virginia is an example of an _____.

edge city

Social movements keep societies from _____.

endlessly reproducing themselves

Collin is a researcher who has dedicated his career to tracking the spread of HIV among populations in Africa. What field of study would Collin most likely identify with?

epidemiology

Imagine you are reading the Sunday newspaper and come across a headline that says "diabetes increases among Hispanic children." Which of the following terms best describes the study this headline is likely referring to?

epidemiology

which of the following is the opposite of cultural relativism?

ethnocentrism

Which of the following is the best example of the generalized other?

everyone riding on a bus is wearing clothing

Which perspective of changing families is most critical of nontraditional family choices?

family decline

Studying infant mortality, economic development, birth control, and childrearing primarily help demographers explain _____.

fertility rates

Fines, arrests, and prison sentences are considered _____.

formal sanctions

People who marry older and have more education are less likely to _____.

get divorced

Outsourcing is part of a larger process called the creation of ______, which are sets of linked operations that organize the production of any particular product.

global value chains

Which factor indicates a potential link between economic growth and environmental sustainability?

green alternatives

Which of the following correctly defines the term "social hierarchy" ?

groups within society that have different social statuses

Beginning in kindergarten, students are taught the unstated standards of behavior known as _____.

hidden curriculum

Juan consults a government web site to see about how long he can expect to live and still be free from limitation of activity. He wants to know _____.

his healthy life expectancy

What factor is difficult to anticipate regarding demographic changes in the United States for the twenty-first century?

how people identify themselves in racial and ethnic terms

The huge upturn in movie product placement illustrates ______.

hypercommercialism

Growth in the Catholic Church in the United States is largely attributed to ______.

immigration

What is one explanation for why fertility and mortality in the United States are about equal, yet-the population is still growing?

immigration

Having higher levels of education and more income and wealth will most likely _____ an individual's health outcomes.

improve

Where do most transnational corporations do the majority of their business?

in their home countries

What term describes when a researcher sits down one-on-one with a participant in order to ask a series of questions?

in-depth interview

Americans support better welfare programs, but they do not support ______.

income equality for the poor

The sociological theories of Marx are focused primarily on ____.

inequality in economic systems

The number of deaths that occur to babies within 12 months, per 1,000 live births in a given calendar year, is referred to as the _____.

infant mortality rate

An institutional review board at a university has evaluated a particular research study and submitted a request to the researcher requiring that she have all participants sign a document stating that they agree to participate in the study. This IRB is focusing on ____.

informed consent

Sociologist A completes an experiment and records the results. Sociologist B completes the same experiment, following the same steps as Sociologist A, but gets different results. This means the experiment ____.

is not reliable

A group of sorority sisters tends to dress, talk, and act alike. This is an individual example of organizational _____.

isomorphism

A worker for a large company finds out that the company has recently begun to eliminate many perks for employees that once existed. Most specifically, the company has eliminated the hefty pension plan for employees who retire. This company is attempting to promote _____.

lean production

It is possible that someone who is working poor also ____.

lives in relative poverty

Modern trade began with ______.

loss of access to land

Repression may destroy a rebel movement or it may _____.

make it stronger

As part of a study, a sociologist observes a group of people. Then the sociologist applies the gathered data toward a broader theory of human behavior. This is called ____.

making a theoretical generalization

Eliza wants to post a picture of herself on her Facebook account from her family vacation to the beach. She takes multiple pictures of herself to get the right light and angle on her face. She then applies filters and touches up the picture until she is satisfied with the way her picture looks. What sociological concept best describes Eliza's actions with social media and digital technology?

management of self-presentation

A situation where vastly greater numbers of people are held in prisons than in earlier periods of history or in comparison to similar countries is known as _____.

mass incarceration

Jared is a lawyer, In most of his cases he defends individuals who have been misdiagnosed and treated incorrectly by doctors. In other words, Jared's cases mostly deal with _____.

medical malpractice

Extensive specialization of labor began during the _____.

mid-nineteenth century

Which of the following is an example of enforced importation?

migrating slaves sin the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

What process provides foundation for a sociological approach to immigration as a whole?

migration

Because early social causes such as the labor movement often involved riots, the first sociologists thought they needed to study _____ to understand social movements.

mob psychology

According to the theories of Karl Marx, capitalism, feudalism, and communism are all examples of ____.

models or production

While unification of families and helping the poor are the stated goals of the immigration process, in reality, it seems to be about ______.

money

Tasha believes that killing animals is wrong and often holds demonstrations outside animal testing facilities. Tasha's motivation is her ______.

moral sensibility

Mariah and Lacey are friends who are the same age and who live in the same neighborhood. Mariah attends a boarding school during the school year and Lacey attends her local public school. Mariah might have better soft skills because she has ______.

more frequent and intense contact with adults

Between the 1960s and 2012, the top 1 percent of families in the United States earned _____.

more income

Which of the following is a positive effect that has resulted from the extended transition into adulthood?

more opportunities to develop ways of living that diverge from their parents' paths

Danny really wants to try out for the school musical. When he gets the lead role, his macho, athletic group of friends treats him as an outcast. This is an example of _____.

negative affirmations

What help in assimilating might immigrants have access to in the United States?

networks of naturalized citizens or natives

In a deglobalized world, there is ______.

no importing or exporting

_____ solidarity, unlike _____ solidarity, is associated with an extensive division of labor in society.

organic; mechanical

Democracy gives people a voice in their own destiny, channels conflicts, and offers concessions to social movements. For these reasons _____ seldom, if ever, happens in democracies.

overthrow of the government

One example of the way the modern medical profession practices ______ is through providing _____ to patients to explain their treatment.

patient-centered care; informed consent

Which of the following was made illegal by the Equal Pay Act?

paying women less than men for the same job

Before her engineering exam Tessa was having a conversation with a male classmate about feeling nervous about the test. In response, he commented, "No one will fault you if you don't do well on the exam. Everyone knows that men are better at math and engineering than women." According to the findings of sociological research about gender stereotypes, after hearing this comment Tessa will most likely _____.

perform poorly on the exam.

An effective way power can be used to avoid conflict is to ______.

persuade people that there is no conflict

What is one reason for tension increasing in an age of globalization?

polarization of urban labor markets

Which example reinforces heteronormativity?

popular music songs about men and women having a romance

If a demographer is tracking fertility, mortality, and migration he is studying _____.

population dynamics

What is one cause of continued population growth in nations that have reached the posttransitional period?

population momentum

Regulating moral behavior has been closely connected to the interests of the _____ and in maintaining _____.

powerful; social order

The field of anthropology first focused on the study of _____ societies.

preindustrial

Which of the following aspects of racism tends to be applied most broadly?

prejudices

Patrick and his family recently moved overseas. When shopping for furniture for their new home Patrick and his wife realized that the price of furniture in their new country was about the same as it was back home. Which of the following concepts best describes this phenomenon?

price convergence

The American Medical Association strategically used _____ to undermine practices such as _____.

professionalism; homeopathy

Which situation would be similar to the intent of the Boyle Act of 1904?

prohibiting the use of aspirin

In Europe, power is distributed among several political parties through _____.

proportional representation

Improvements in _____ would most likely _____ a country's infant mortality rate.

public health; decrease

A sociologist plans to conduct a study that involves observing families interacting at the zoo. The sociologist documents all of her observations, takes photos of the families, and writes down descriptions of what she sees. This study illustrates ____.

qualitative research

Which factor most significantly indicates whether or not someone will live next to a toxic waste facility?

race

Prior to the work of theorist like W.E.B. Du Bois, it was believed that ____ was result of biological differences between groups of people.

racial inequality

Ron goes to a music store to buy a drum set. With the help of the store manager he selects the set that is best for his situation. This is an example of the _____ in markets.

rational-choice perspective

Which of the following is an asset of wealth?

real estate

All individuals associate themselves with ____, or groups of people who share similar preferences or social positions.

reference groups

Ken is a sociologist interested in studying religion among American young adults. Specifically, he is interested in understanding the importance of religion in his cohorts' lives. Which of the following concepts would Ken most likely use to frame his research?

religiosity

Sending money home to the native country is an example of a _____.

remittance

The sociological definition views markets as _____.

repeated interactions

Which of the following pairs of social characteristics is arguably most important in explaining segregation in American churches?

residence and social status

Tyler has a social cause in mind and speaks to his rabbi about the temple sponsoring his group. The rabbi agrees. Tyler's actions can be identifies as the _____.

resources mobilization approach

Into which of the following categories would you place the death penalty?

retribution

A _____ seeks to overthrow a government.

revolutionary movement

The president of the Maldives held a conference underwater in order to draw attention to what issue?

rising sea levels

Which of these regulations specifically targets the illegitimate use of power?

rules against insider trading

Instead of the traditional route of upward mobility as a way to achieve assimilation, immigrants now follow a variety of different pathways. Sociologists call this _____.

segmented assimilation

Weber's theory of the need for hierarchy in bureaucracy fails to take into account ______.

self-interest

Which of the following is a part of the cultural tool kit of Western culture?

shaking hands as a greeting

Because our individual health is impacted by _____, there are often long-term health implications as a result of one's childhood.

social circumstances

Over time, social theorists have helped us understand how characteristics of individuals, such as race and gender, are ____.

social constructions

According to Simmel, the difference between how emotionally close you may feel to your parent when compared to how emotionally unclose you may feel to your dentist is an example of how ____ matters in your daily life.

social distance

Durkheim emphasized ____, while Weber emphasized ____, in his theory of society.

social facts; social action

Family, marriage, education, government, and religion are all examples of _____.

social institutions

When examining market activity, what does sociology consider that classical economics does not?

social networks

An immigrant moves to a new country. In the immigrant's old country, people used their right hands to hold forks while eating. In the immigrant's new country, people use both their left and right hands to eat. Soon, the immigrant begins using both her left and right hands to eat. This is an example of _____.

socialization

Sending children to school is one way we engage individuals in the ____ process.

socialization

The _____ is one of the ways social scientists have clearly demonstrated _____ in populations.

socioeconomic gradient in health; health disparities

Income, education, and occupation are the dimensions of _____.

socioeconomic status

What race is a Hispanic person most likely to select on US census documents?

some other race

Activities like athletics, drama, and music in schools _____.

sometimes make the difference between schoold being tolerable and intolerable for some students

Apple Computers took advantage of the Chinese workers' _____ to get out a new product at the last minute.

speed and flexibility

Adjusting for cost of living, earnings for middle-class men in the past 40 years have _____.

stagnated

Policies and actions carried out by government officials in their capacities are known as _____.

state deviance

Imagine you are a sociologist studying poverty in society. As a result of your research, you conclude that many jobs are created for individuals in society due to other people being in poverty. For example, there are vast numbers of social workers and nonprofit and government employees who all have jobs to help people in poverty, all of which would be eliminated if poverty itself were eradicated. Which theoretical framework could best help you explain this conclusion?

structural functionalism

Organisms and organizations survive if their ______ adapts to the environment.

structure

In a symbolic interactionist framework, physical, social, and abstract objects are all potential ____.

subjects of interpretation

Given the types and distribution of power discussed, it makes sense that the media seldom report stories on the plight of the poor and disadvantaged because _____.

such stories do not appeal to advertisers

Anthropocentrism is the belief that humans are _____.

superior to the natural world

After the disruption of trade causes by Great Depression, reglobalization was almost derailed by ______.

tariffs

Besides low-cost labor, what is another reason why a manufacturer might consider outsourcing?

tax breaks

One point of view says that mainstream culture should be fought and undermined at every turn. The other says that some kind of shared culture is necessary for stability. What is being compared here?

the "progressive" and "orthodox" positions

What helped middle class blacks leave the urban ghettos?

the 1968 Fair Housing Act

The official name of "Obamacare" is _____.

the Affordable Care Act

Which of the following groups conducts the annual survey of the homeless population in the United States?

the Department of Housing Urban Development

Twenty percent of the transnational phone calls coming into the Bronx, New York originated in _____.

the Dominican Republic

In which country do parents often struggle to find affordable, high-quality childcare?

the United States

The opposite of the ISI is _____.

the Washington Consensus.

What did Chicago sociologist in the early 1900s refer to as "the natural habitat of civilized man" ?

the city

According to a sociologist's definition of "the sacred", which of the following would most likely be considered the most sacred to Americans?

the dollar bill

The terms "slut" and "player" are indicative of _____.

the double standard of sexuality

Compared to other countries in the world, the cost of public higher education in the United States is _____.

the highest

What are these two examples-- the Arab Spring and a blog no one reads-- contrasting?

the ideal function of the Internet and the reality of how the Internet functions

An aging population is of particular concern to United States right now because the baby boomers are ______.

the largest birth cohort in history

The many successes of the civil rights movement in the 1960s illustrate that ______.

the powerful do not always win

The coffee shop is one example of a place where one could observe _____ and ______ in action.

the public sphere; the networked public

Because sociologists understand _____ as a social phenomenon, how we _____ individuals can have unintended consequences.

the self; label

Someone who sells all of the apples in an orchard, using up the available seeds and making it impossible to replant the orchard, provides and example of ______.

the treadmill of production

Who pays the highest tax rate in a properly functioning progressive tax system?

the upper class

Which of the following events has most dramatically impacted women's educational, occupational, and family lives since 1960s?

the widespread availability of the birth control pill

The discussion of the interpretation of religious matters is called _____.

theology

Unlike economics, sociology has many ____ to learn about.

theoretical traditions

How do families with modest incomes typically acquire wealth?

through home ownership

Ramona has a very little desire to move to United States, but she knows that her job opportunities are much higher there. Jacob Mincer would call her a _____.

tied mover

The ideas we tend to have about sex and gender "go together" is most directly challenged by the existence of _____.

transgendered people

What is being contrasted in the assembly-line approach vs. the team effort approach?

twentieth-century work organization vs. twenty-first-century work organization

People _____ are most likely to live in poverty in the United States.

under the age of 18

A _____ is an organized association of workers created in order to protect and fight for members' rights and resources.

union

Randy has never spoken to his classmate Sofia, but during a class break, he rushes up to her and loudly begs her to go out with him. Randy has never mastered the _____ of social interaction.

unspoken rules

Cities that have emerged from the process of urbanization driven by industrialization are _____ those that were present before the age of industry.

very different from

The tragedy at Love Canal involved which environmental problem?

waste managment

The Affordable Care Act, Medicare, and Medicaid are all _____.

ways the government is involved in healthcase in the United States

Racial groupings in West Africa are mainly based on _____.

whether one has noble ancestry

An auto manufacturer has knowledge that a vehicle is dangerous and does not recall those vehicles. This is an example of _____.

white-collar crime

A government must divide its resources, which means that it must establish ______.

who gets what

Europeans who come to North America to settle typically saw the landscape as _____.

wild and untamed

The United States is the only rich country in the world with no inheritance tax. Voters eliminated, even though it affected only the rich. What is a possible reason for this?

wishful thinking by the middle class that they may someday become rich