SOCY 15

Labor as "fictive commodity"

Labor as a "fictive commodity" refers to the fact that labor is the actual work which is not meant to be produced for a market. Labor power, however, is turning work into a commodity that can be bought and sold. An example would be large corporations paying hundreds of workers a certain hourly wage for their time. In this case, labor is being turned into a "fictive commodity" because the worker is producing labor, which the employer is buying. In today's globalized world, this matters because labor is driven by fluctuations of the market and is an index to a particular place, where the cost of labor decreases as you move across borders, highlighting the increase in inequality. EXAMPLE: Taylorism (lecture)

Distributional Fairness

Sen Distributional fairness in a "Fair" Market requires fair division of benefits, wealth, income, and enabling conditions & institutions providing public goods. Sen demonstrates the need for distributional fairness by comparing a typical family system and the global market, where the unequal share of benefits that women receive from belonging to a family is similar to the lack of benefits such as wealth that poorer, developing countries receive.

Nationalism

Sharing some sort of collective identity through symbols or beliefs. Raider nation. People's loyalty, passion, and common interest in the team give the team legitimacy as a great team among the NFL. Relevant to the study of globalization, nationalism and the idea of citizenship to a nation state is further legitimized and reinforced as a model of governance within the world.

nation-state

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. Iceland: although the inhabitants are ethnically related to other Scandinavian groups, the national culture and language are found only in Iceland. There are no cross-border minorities— the nearest land is too far away. Japan: Japan is also traditionally seen as a good example of a nation-state, although Japan includes minorities of ethnically distinct Ryūkyū peoples, Koreans, Chinese, and on the northern island of Hokkaidō, the indigenous Ainu minority; see also Japanese Demographics .

neoliberalism

an outgrowth of the U.S. liberal movement, beginning in the late 1960s, that modified somewhat its traditional endorsement of all trade unions and opposition to big business and military buildup. a modern politico-economic theory favouring free trade, privatization, minimal government intervention in business, reduced public expenditure on social services, etc

triangle trade

clothing for slaves in America, Indian textiles traded in West AFrica for slaves, slaves sold in the Carribean, New World products were taken back to England

colonial division of labor

colonies specialized in extraction and production of raw material for Europe, the colonial powers sold and exchanged manufactured goods. stimulated European industrialization and forced non-Europeans into primary commodity production India and the textile industry (Marks)

biological old regime

focused all on agriculture, limits the population as well as the productivity of the economy. ex:china and europe could not be sucessful unless they switched from the biological old regime to the new regime (industrialize)

Fordism

is a term widely used to describe (1) the system of mass production that was pioneered in the early 20th century by the Ford Motor Company or (2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.

Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI)

is a trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a country by exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage. Export-led growth implies opening domestic markets to foreign competition in exchange for market access in other countries.

infant industries

new industries, industries that are just starting off and cannot compete in the market so (usually) the government places tarffis and subsidies in order to product the industry. Ex: American textile industry, tariffs on cloth, leather, and other clothing goods

ethno-centrism

the judging of ones culture/identity based soley off of the standards and values of ones own beliefs/culture ex: colonalism in the congo, not respecting them as a people, seeing them as a labor force to collected goods