SOCY 340- FINAL
Nonphysician health care workers are subordinate to doctors for what 4 reasons?
1. technical knowledge must be approved by physicians 2. workers assist physicians in their work rather than replace them 3. work largely at the request of physicians. Doctor's orders. 4. physicians have the greatest prestige associated with their role trends towards a more equal relationship though
The percentage of today's US population over the age of 65 is ____ compared to ____ in 1900: -10 and 6 -21 and 5 -14 and 4 -8 and 6
14 and 4
Percentage of physicians belonging to the AMA today is approximately: -15 -30 -65 -85 -no way to know
15
1st nursing schools?
1873 Boston, New York and Connecticut
From the DVD seen in class on influenza, the worst flu epidemic in the US was in: -1892 -1918 -1929 -1945 -none of the above
1918
The Social Security System in the US is trending toward fewer individuals paying into the system and more individuals drawing from it. Today, there are approximately ____ individuals paying into the system for every one individual drawing from it. -12 -8 -6 -4 -2
2
If a country's birth rate is 40 per 1000 population and the death rate is 20 per 1000 population, the natural increase is: -20 -60 -80 -minus 20 -not enough data to determine
20 birth rate - death rate = natural increase
How many people in the US are currently employed in nonphysician health care tasks?
4 million
Percent of students applying US medical schools who get in is approximately: -20 -40 -50 -60
50
The infant mortality rate in the US today is around ______ per 1000 live births within a given year. -6 -25 -39 -76 -103
6
Percent of medical students who enter medical school and graduate is: -40 -65 -80 -95
95
These individuals, located on the Black Sea, are referred to as the "long-living people" and seem to typically live up to/beyond a 100 years old. -Yanomamo -Amish -Abkhasians -Eskimos -Hutterites
Abkhasians
Which of the following racial groups is the healthiest? -Hispanics -Native Americans -Asian Americans -African Americans
Asian Americans
The concept of situational adjustment in looking at medical students as they progress through medical school was developed by: -Cooley -Becker -Durkheim -Fox -Weber
Becker
In what city was the oldest medical school in the South located?
Charleston, SC (MUSC)
The person associated with the concept of the "looking glass self" is: -Cooley -Goffman -Parsons -Thomas -Weber
Cooley
What is meant by the concept "cultural base"?
Cultural base refers to the accumulation of knowledge over time. One can say cultural base is compounded as generations today have the knowledge of preceding generations, and more! When Flexner made his trip to Europe, he was expanding the cultural base of American medicine.
What was the most frequent outcome of a marriage for the medical students who were married while in medical school in "the Making of a Doctor" DVD seen in class?
Divorce ):
Another name for Doctor's Care clinics where a patient can go without an appointment and see a physician or PA typically without a long wait, instead of going to an emergency room is: -Jack in the Box -Eleven Medicine -Jill in the Box -Doc in the Box -Quick Fix
Doc in the Box
This individual wrote about suicide and how it was related to social structure. -Goffman -Weber -Durkheim -Merton
Durkheim
Report issued in 1910 which made recommendations to improve medical education in the US is the ____ report. -Moynihan -Hippocratic -Flexner -Nightingale -none of the above
Flexner
mother of nursing?
Florence Nightingale England established a hospital for "sick gentlewomen in distressed circumstances" organized a contingent of nurses during the Crimean War and nursed wounded soldiers
The setting for the DVD views in class on the Burk family was: -Mississippi -Montana -Louisiana -Georgia -none of the above
Georgia
Who was the sociologist who discussed impression management and saving face as related to stress? -Parsons -Cooley -Goffman -Mead -Snow
Goffman
"Good" cholesterol is the: -HDL -systolic -mmHg -LDL -CRP
HDL
The DVD "The Making of a Doctor" death with medical students at: -Yale -MUSC -Princeton -Johns Hopkins -Harvard
Harvard
The largest minority group in the US today is: -African Americans -Native Americans -Hispanics -Asians/Pacific Islanders
Hispanics
Who wrote "Boys in White"?
Howard Becker
What is meant by "the inner fraternity" in reference to the power structure of American medicine?
Inner fraternity refers to a certain power structure of American medicine in which physicians have each other's backs regardless of the circumstance in exchange for the same in return. Essentially a "I won't squeal on you if you don't squeal on me" mentality.
Epidemiology was established around 1854 by an Englishman named: -Hippocrates -John Snow -Talcott Parsons -Oliver Shagnasty -Percival Pott
John Snow
A healthcare plan which emphasizes preventative care and is a relatively new choice for American consumers is: -Blue Cross Blue Shield -DRGs -Managed Care (HMOs) -AMAs -None of the above
Managed Care (HMOs)
According to the textbook, the healthiest state in the US today is: -Connecticut -Massachusetts -Minnesota -Oregon -Iowa
Massachusetts
Which one of the following statements is true? -More girl babies are born in the US than boy babies -More boy babies are conceived than girl babies in the US -There are more males in nursing homes in the US than females -None of the above statements is true
More boy babies are conceived than girl babies in the US
The religious group in the US with the longest life expectancy, likely because of their behavioral habits is: -Southern Baptists -Buddhists -Catholics -Mormons -Episcopalians
Mormons
Which of the following has the major health concern of suicide? -Hispanics -Asian Americans -Native Americans -African Americans
Native Americans
The theory of demographic transition was developed by... -Malthus -Snow -Parsons -Notenstein
Notenstein
The sociologist who first provided a major theoretical approach for medical sociology in his book "The Social System" in 1951 where he discussed the sick role was: -Durkheim -Parsons -Weber -Mead -Goffman
Parsons
In what city was the first medical school in the US located (established in 1765)?
Philadelphia
This book, published in 1929, was one of the first US studies which devoted attention to the medical community in the US. -Mitch Albom's "Tuesdays with Morrie" -Daniel Chambliss' "Beyond Caring" -Robert & Helen Lynd's "Middletown" -George Eliot's "Middlemarch"
Robert & Helen Lynd's "Middletown"
The work of ____ reflects the symbolic interactionist approach to human behavior. -Durkheim -Parsons -Marx -Thomas
Thomas
T/F: The symbolic interactionist perspective on deviance is based on the concept that what is regards as deviant behavior by one person or social group may not be so regarded by other persons or social groups.
True
In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die, a research endeavor that likely makes some African Americans today somewhat skeptical of the medical community? -Nazi experiments -Tuskegee -STD1942 -Zimbardo Prison
Tuskegee
The type of error most frequently made by physicians when diagnosing a patient's symptoms: -Type I error -Type II error -Type III error -Type IV error
Type I error
The person who said that lifestyles are determined by class, status and power was: -Parsons -Mead -Marx -Durkheim -Weber
Weber
Whose views on religious values are utilized by Parsons in describing the role of the physician? -Durkheim -Weber -Freud -Becker -Whyte
Weber
What is a gatekeeper? -typically, the government -a primary care physician who screens patients prior to referring them to a specialist -a physician who blocks the review of another physician in an attempt to protect him/her -none of the above
a primary care physician who screens patients prior to referring them to a specialist
Medical sociology, as a sub discipline within sociology, began gaining strength: -after WW2 with the infusion of large amounts of federal funding for research -only in the past two decades when major worldwide health crises highlighted the need -it never has been a major subfield of sociology and exists only as a small part of the medical field -it was always part of sociology as a major focus of classical sociologists
after WW2 with the infusion of large amounts of federal funding for research
Marxist scholars claim capitalist societies put too much emphasis on ____ responsibility for health: -the social system's -the health sector's -an individual's -the government's
an individual's
What is the most prevalent health problem of persons over the age of 65? -heart disease -hypertension -cancer -stroke -arthritis
arthritis
Nursing education
associates degree -2 years -most common bachelor's degree -4 years -second most common -more of a push for this now master's degree -additional 2 years -nurse practitioners phd in nursing -allows one to teach nursing
nurses
biggest field of health workers in the US (3 million) -70% work in hospitals or nursing homes thought to be nurturing
A cancer-causing agent, such as cigarette smoking, is known as a: -metastasis -diastolic agent -carcinogen -melanoma -none of the above
carcinogen
Physicians prescribe medications, diets, and the like and expect patients to follow them faithfully. This is called: -compliance -doctor-patient expectation -the contract -acceptance -none of the above
compliance
Robert Merton's paradigm on the modes of adaptation to norms states that one who accepts the institutionalized means and the cultural goals fits the mode of: -ritualist -innovationist -rebellious -conformist
conformist
According to Max Weber, the key to understanding the relationship between lifestyles and health is: -principles -production -presence -consumption -none of the above
consumption
The mascot of the College of Charleston is... -rooster -guinea pig -ground hog -rabbit -cougar
cougar
A main focus of the DVD "Remaking American Medicine: Health Care for the 21st Century" seen in class was: -the AIDs/HIV problem today -the spread of influenza -deaths in hospitals due to medical errors -a shortage of health care facilities in rural areas
deaths in hospitals due to medical errors
An "ideal" blood pressure reading is 120/80 or slightly lower. The second number (80) is referred to as the: -systolic -metastasis -diastolic -benign -myocardial infarction
diastolic
From the DVD on the Burk family, one of the biggest problems was: -drinking by the brothers -family did not support each other -Arlon Burk (the father) was too demanding -none of the above was a problem
drinking by the brothers
According to structural functional theory, illness is: -functional insofar as it brings attention to weak links in the social structure which need additional aid -inconsequential because the theory is concerned with societal structure, not individuals -an acceptable form of behavior because everyone is susceptible to being sick -dysfunctional because it threatens to interfere with the stability of the social system
dysfunctional because it threatens to interfere with the stability of the social system
Many studies show that the strongest single predictor of good health is: -income -wealth -education -occupation -neighborhood
education
The best overall single measure of socioeconomic status is -occupation -source of income -education -dwelling area
education
There are numerous predictors of health care. Circle the predictor which is the strongest: -education -residence -income -occupation -race
education
Suicide which occurs when people become detached from society and, suddenly on their own, are overwhelmed by the resultant stress is called: -altruistic -fatalistic -egoistic -anomic -none of the above
egoistic
A scientist who studies the origin and distribution of all types of diseases is best described as a(n): -biochemist -social worker -epidemiologist -demographer -sociologist
epidemiologist
Type I error is: -false positive -nearly always fatal -false negative -true negative -none of the above
false positive
Visits to physicians are more frequent for: -males -females -males and females visit about equally -no way to determine such information
females
What attracted corporations to health care delivery is the potential for: -improving health care -helping people -financial profit -all of the above -none of the above
financial profit
The Making of a Doctor- Film
follows seven students from Harvard medical school focuses on the problems they need to overcome, not on their successes new physicians have a hard time dealing with patient death and consoling families -scene where student lost it and the physician consoled her and told her it gets but firmly told her she could not speak to the family in that condition.
The leading cause of death for women in the US over the age of 65 is: -heart disease -liver cancer -accidents -brain cancer -skin cancer
heart disease
The number one cause of death in the US today is: -cancer -infected toenails -nose bleed -heart disease
heart disease
A major health issue for African Americans is: -breast cancer -colorectal cancer -hypertension -accidents
hypertension
Parson's concept of the sick role seems to typically apply only to ________ diseases. -chronic -acute -infectious -catastrophic -none of the above
infectious
The situation whereas Japanese middle management men literally work themselves to death, as they are so dedicated to their profession, and known as death from overwork, is called: -usufruct -sati -karoshi -emic
karoshi
The current trend in the organization of medical practice in the US is toward ____ self employment on the part of physicians. -greater -less -a consistent level of -none of the above
less
The theory of the ____ maintains that our self-concepts are the result of social interaction in which we see ourselves reflected in other people. -looking mirror -glass selfish sense -looking-glass self -mirror in mirro -none of the above
looking-glass self
Which group uses preventative services the least? -upper class -middle class -lower class -all use the same
lower class
Consumerism in medicine means that people: -make informed choices about the services available to them -spend money on health care -buy and sell health services to one another -sell their personal advice within the lay referral system -all of the abov
make informed choices about the services available to them
Which refers to health care organizations that control the cost of health are by monitoring how doctors treat specific illnesses, limit referrals to specialists, and require authorization prior to hospitalization, among other measures? -health savings companies -Medicare and Medicaid -health insurance -managed care (HMO) -none fo the above
managed care (HMO)
From the DVD on the Burk family, as seen in class, they had an authority pattern that was very much: -patriarchal -egalitarian -matriarchal -not obvious who was dominant
matriarchal
Of the three types of skin cancer, ____ is the most lethal. -basal cell -melanoma -squamous -all are equally deadly
melanoma
The sick role is a(n) ____ orientation. -upper class -lower class -middle class -all of the above
middle class
Recently recognized by the American Medical Association as a disease, as this health issue seemingly is getting out of hand is: -STDs -whooping cough -obesity -none of the above
obesity
The reason for choosing a medical career most frequently given by medical students is generally that: -it is a scientific endeavor -it offers opportunities for making money -of wanting "to help people" -parents "forced" them into such a career -both and b above
of wanting "to help people"
Most medical sociologists in the US are employed as... -biostatisticians -hospital workers -professors at universities -researchers in governmental agencies -independent contractors
professors at universities
According to Robert Merton's paradigm on the modes of adaptation to norms, the "mode" which refers to one who rejects the institutionalized means and cultural goals but sets up her/his own institutionalized means and goals is called: -rebellious -conformist -ritualist -retreatist
rebellious
Types of nurses (4)
registered nurse -responsible for the nature and quality of all nursing care patients receive, as well as following doctors orders. -cannot diagnose or prescribe medication practical nurse -primary concern is bedside care certified nurses aid (CNA) -auxiliary nursing personnel -perform less skilled medical care tasks and provide many services for overall patient comfort nurse practitioner -masters degree -2 year program at MUSC -need more of these because they can do what primary care physicians can do, and we're low on those -can write prescriptions
Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted primarily through: -drinking from the same coffee cup -sitting beside someone on a couch -sharing a hair brush with others -sexual intercourse
sexual intercourse
One of the greatest threats worldwide from infectious diseases come from: -cholera -sexually transmitted diseases -yellow fever -typhoid -diphtheria
sexually transmitted diseases
As members of society, individuals are constrained in their behavior by laws and customs, according to Emile Durkheim. These constrains are referred to as: -imagined -realities -usufruct rights -social facts -none of the above
social facts
Which variables are typically used to measure socioeconomic status (SES)? -social and human capital -source of income, education, occupation -status, wealth, power -amount of money
source of income, education, occupation
The theory of demographic transition states that a high birth rate and high death rate is called the... -stage of incipient decline -stage of transitional growth -stage of high growth potential -none of the above is correct
stage of high growth potential
The symbolic interaction perspective, as outlined by Cooley, Thomas and Goffman, maintains that: -certain situations are inherently stressful -stress is caused by societal pressure to conform -stress can result from an individual's perception of the meaning of a situation -stress is constant (ie- we are all subject to the same type of stressful stimuli)
stress can result from an individual's perception of the meaning of the situation
Measurements of pain in hospitals today tend to be somewhat: -subjective -objective
subjective
According to Rene Fox, two traits are acquired in medical school. One is the ability to be emotionally detached from the patient. What is the other one?
the ability to handle uncertainty
To an epidemiologist, "incidence" refers to... -total number of cases of a health disorder at any given time -the occurrence of a single precipitating incident -the proportion of a population currently sick from an illness -the frequency with which new cases of a disorder occur within a given population during a stated period of time
the frequency with which new cases of a disorder occur within a given population during a stated period of time
A major contribution of the sick role to medical sociology is the recognition that: -many illnesses (such as lung cancer) are socially induced -the patient-physician relationship occurs within an organized framework of social roles (ie- patterned expectations) -the "patient-role" is universal (ie- is fundamentally the same worldwide without exception) -the medical profession is fundamentally unique (ie- unlike any other social institution) -none of the above
the patient-physician relationship occurs within an organized framework of social roles (ie- patterned expectations)
The importance of being healthy is: -allows for one to be dependent -to feel and look good -neither of the above
to look and feel good
Heart disease has been associated with _____ behavior, though recent research evidence questions somewhat this finding. -type a personality -type b personality -type c personality -type d personality
type a personality
Morbidity is higher for: -men -women -no difference by sex
women
