SOE 300 Final

An animal that gets energy from eating both plants and animals is a(an) _____________

Omnivore

___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.

Pioneer Species

Carbon fixation in the carbon cycle occurs where and by what process?

Plants, photosynthesis

A _______________ cannot make its own energy and eats only plants for their energy.

Primary Consumer

Plant life starting to grow on a volcano like Mt. St. Helens

Primary Succession

Series of changes where other organisms have not previously lived

Primary Succession

Which represents the largest group in a food web?

Producers

An animal that consumes the left over parts of an animal.

Scavenger

Which organisms from the Food Web is consuming the Insects?

Shrew, Red fox

Which of the following is NOT a pioneer species?

Shrubs

What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?

Soil

The primary filters in the ecological environment of a species that ultimately determine adaptive traits are (1) competition and (2) restrictive environments

True

In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?

90%

What is a producer?

An organism that uses sunlight to make its own food

Which community has the highest species evenness?

B

What is the correct order from oldest (happened first) to youngest (happened last) in this pond succession?

B, A, D, C

To keep our ecosystem healthy, we must keep what?

Biodiversity

Atmospheric carbon that enters the carbon cycle is in what chemical form?

CO2

For population model B, the term "K" equals what character of the habitat?

Carrying capacity

Micro-organisms that are involved in the fixation of nitrogen require three (3) resources in order to conduct the transformation of nitrogen efficiently. What are these resources?

Chemical energy, water, carbon

What is the term that describes a steady and stable community?

Climax community

Which of the following is a herbivore?

Cricket

A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem is a ____________.

Food web

The region of the curve labeled "h" is called

Fundamental niche, Ecological amplitude

An organism that gets energy from breaking down dead organisms, non-living material or waste is a(an) ___________.

Decomposer

An organism that lives by breaking apart dead organic matter into simpler parts is...

Decomposer

A beetle that feeds exclusively on dead wood is an example of a(n) _______ and is part of the _______ trophic level.

Detritivore, second

What is an increase of biodiversity over time, after a natural or man made disturbance?

Ecological succession

A community of living and nonliving things in their natural environment makes up a

Ecosystem

A group of individuals of the same species living in a given area is called a community.

False

Biologists define a population on the basis of a species only because the species has a definitive distribution which distinguishes it from other species.

False

Coverage of area by individuals of a community is a measure of population abundance.

False

Environmental conditions vary at random within the habitat of a population, thus individuals of that population would be expected to be dispersed in a random manner.

False

Gender proportion by age class by time period is not a property of a population.

False

Random arrangement of individuals within a population is common in natural populations.

False

Selective pressures which drive natural selection depend on the environment in which an organism lives. This means that only the physical properties of the environment (such as temperature, moisture and light) can be the selective forces involved.

False

Size, density, dispersion and the number of species are properties of a population.

False

The ecological environment has no influence as to whether a mutation is advantageous, deleterious, or neutral.

False

The number of individuals in a population per unit of space pertains to the biomass property of a population.

False

The number of species is a property of a population.

False

The red-tailed hawk of North America is an example of a specialist species.

False

A garden was cleared out, but had to be left alone for a month. What would you expect to see?

Grasses and weeds

The total amount of photosynthesis is referred to as

Gross Primary Production

_____ species is a non-native plant/animal introduced accidentally or intentionally by humans

Invasive (exotic)

Atmospheric nitrogen is transformed into forms that can be assimilated by plants. What are these forms?

NH4+, NO3-

The name of the curve shown here?

Species environmental tolerance curve

Replacement of one type of community by another at a single place over time

Succession

What does every food chain start with?

Sun

Which of these is an example of an autotroph?

Sunflower

The view of the Palouse Hills landscape viewing south from Kamiak Butte, in the direction of Pullman, WA (Lat: 46.74377°N Lon: 117.11579°W Elev: 2542 ft).

Temperate

If the grasshopper were to be removed completely from the food web, what organism would be most effected?

The Shrew

What does biodiversity mean?

The different amount of species in an area

What might happen if you remove a primary consumer from the ecosystem?

The number of plants would increase

Which of the following statements about the physical environment of the Rocky Mountain elk shown here is true?

Their physical environment is the cold, dry, sunlit winter conditions of the location.

Natural selection is a directional process.

True

The environment contributes to determining whether a mutation is advantageous, deleterious, or neutral.

True

Three mechanisms of evolution that cause genetic change in a population over time are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Of these, natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution.

True

While mutations are random, natural selection is not random

True

All of the following contribute directly to soil formation EXCEPT

Volcanic Eruptions

Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?

lichens-grasses-shrubs-trees