Software Engineering- WGU C188

This method emphasizes the delivery of operational software and deemphasizes the importance of intermediate work products.

Agile

Problems that occur during elicitation:

Problems of scope, problems of understanding, and problems of volatility.

A collection of activities, actions, and tasks that are performed when some work product is to be created.

Process

Legacy software is usually...

costly to maintain and risky to evolve.

The requirements model should minimize ____.

coupling throughout the system

Software design should always begin with a consideration for ____.

data

The requirements model must achieve three primary objectives:

describe what the customer requires, establish a basis for software design, define a set of requirements to be validated once the software is built.

______ analysis doesn't look at a specific application, but rather at the domain in which the application resides.

domain analysis

Analysis classes manifest themselves in one of seven ways:

external entities, things, occurrences or events, roles, organizational units, places, or structures.

An activity diagram provides a ____ representation of the flow of _____ within a specific scenario.

graphical; interaction

Ideally, the prototype serves as a mechanism for...

identifying software requirements.

This method adopts the customer as part of the development team and works to eliminate the "us and them" attitude.

Agile

What are the software engineering layers?

A quality focus> Processes> Methods> Tools

In the V-model, requirements modeling is associated with...

Acceptance testing

Encompasses a set of tasks that produce a major work product.

Action

Strives to achieve a broad objective.

Activity

_____ are the set of data objects that fully define the class within the context of the problem.

Attributes

A prioritized list of project requirements or features that provide business value for the customer.

Backlog

____ classes are used to create the interface that the user sees and interacts with as the software is used.

Boundary

XP encourages the use of _____ as an effective mechanism for thinking about the software in an object-oriented context.

CRC cards

_____ produces a simple means for identifying and organizing the classes that are relevant to system or product requirements.

CRC modeling

The objects and relationships defined in the ______ diagram and the detailed data content depicted by _____ and other notation provide the basis for the data design activity.

CRC; class attributes

______ are those classes that are required to provide a class with the information needed to complete a responsibility.

Collaborators

What are the five activities of the generic process framework?

Communication, Planning, Modeling, Construction, and Deployment

What are the activities of the waterfall model?

Communication, planning, modeling, construction, deployment.

This model allows a software team to represent iterative and concurrent elements of any of the process models.

Concurrent process model

This model is more appropriate for projects where different engineering teams are involved.

Concurrent process model

_____ classes manage a "unit of work" from start to finish.

Controller

What is the last software engineering action within the modeling activity and sets the stage for construction?

Design

What are the four design models?

Data/Class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.

An agile approach borrowed from a modified version of the Pareto principle-- 80% of an application can be delivered in 20% of the time it would take to deliver the complete application.

Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)

Here the information obtained during inception and elicitation is expanded and refined.

Elaboration

Here business goals are established.

Elicitation

_____ classes, also called model or business classes typically represent things that are to be stored in a database and persist throughout the duration of the application.

Entity

Executes the activities in a "circular" manner and each circuit leads to a more complete version.

Evolutionary process flow

Produce an increasingly more complete version of the software with each iteration.

Evolutionary process model

____ go beyond the customer's expectations and prove to be very satisfying when present.

Exciting requirements

____ are implicit to the product or system and may be so fundamental that the customer does not explicitly state them. Their absence would be a cause of significant dissatisfaction.

Expected requirements

This method uses an object-oriented approach and encompasses a set of rules and practices that occur within the context of four framework activities.

Extreme Programming XP

Here you establish a basic understanding of the problem, the people who want a solution, the nature of the solution, and effectiveness of preliminary communication.

Inception

What are the seven distinct tasks of requirements engineering?

Inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation, requirements management.

What are the six distinct actions of the communication activity?

Inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation.

This model combines the element's linear and parallel process flows.

Incremental

Its first release is often a core product.

Incremental process model

Used when there is a compelling need to provide a limited set of software functionality quickly.

Incremental process model

____ incorporates six new practices that are designed to help ensure that an XP project works successfully for significant projects within a large organization.

Industrial Extreme Programming (IXP)

In the V-model, component design is associated with...

Integration testing

Repeats one or more of the activities before proceeding to the next.

Iterative process flow.

Executes each of the five framework activities in sequence.

Linear process flow.

The technical how-to's for building software.

Methods

These can be described as a quality attribute, a performance attribute, a security attribute, or a general constraint on a system.

Nonfunctional requirement

_____ identify the objectives and goals that are stated for a product or system during meetings with the customer. If these requirements are present, the customer is satisfied.

Normal requirements

____ focuses on the definition of classes and the manner in which they collaborate with one another.

Object-oriented analysis

Executes one or more activities in parallel with other activities.

Parallel process flow

What are the four framework activities of XP?

Planning, design, coding, and testing.

Strives for structure and order in software development. Activities occur sequentially.

Prescriptive process model.

_____ actors interact to achieve required system function and derive the intended benefit from the system.

Primary

What are the umbrella activities?

Project tracking and control, risk management, quality assurance, technical reviews, measurements, configuration management, reusability management, work product preparation and production.

More commonly used as a technique that can be implemented within the context of any one of the process models.

Prototyping

Used when a customer defines a set of general objectives for software, but does not identify detailed requirements for functions and features.

Prototyping

Used when the developer may be unsure of the efficiency of an algorithm or the adaptability of an operating system.

Prototyping

_______ attempts to translate unspoken customer needs or goals into system requirements.

Quality function deployment

______ are the attributes and operations that are relevant for the class. Anything the class knows or does.

Responsibilities

The requirements modeling action results in one or more of the following types of models:

Scenario-based models, class-oriented models, behavioral and patterns-based models, data models, flow-oriented models.

Includes principles that are consistent with the agile manifesto and are used to guide development activities within a process that incorporates five framework activities.

Scrum

An evolutionary process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the waterfall model.

Spiral model

Can be adapted to apply throughout the life of the computer software.

Spiral model

Provides the potential for rapid development of increasingly more complete versions of the software.

Spiral model

Realistic approach to the development of large-scale systems and software.

Spiral model

Risk-driven process model.

Spiral model

This model uses a set of anchor point milestones for ensuring stakeholder commitment to feasible and mutually satisfactory system solutions.

Spiral model

Consist of work units that are required to achieve a requirement defined in the backlog that must be fit into a predefined time-box.

Sprint

____ analysis considers data and the processes that transform the data as separate entities. Data objects are modeled in a way that ______. Processes that manipulate data objects are modeled in a manner that shows how ____.

Structured; defines their attributes and relationships; they transform data as data objects.

This diagram represents the flow of actions and decisions and indicates which actors perform each.

Swimlane

In the V-model, architectural design is associated with...

System testing

Focuses on a small, but well-defined objective that produces a tangible outcome.

Task

What are the seven principles that focus on software engineering practice as a whole?

The reason it all exists, keep it simple, maintain the vision, what you produce, others will consume, be open to the future, plan ahead, think.

What is the first step in software engineering?

Understand the problem before you build a solution.

What is the reason it all exists?

To provide value to its users.

Provide automated or semi-automated support for the process and methods.

Tools

What is the essence of software engineering practice?

Understand the problem, plan a solution, carry out the plan, examine the result.

In the V-model, code generation is associated with...

Unit testing

Which questions are answered during a scrum meeting?

What did you do since the last meeting? What obstacles are you encountering? What do you plan to accomplish by the next team meeting?

Legacy systems are often:

adapted, enhanced, extended, or re-architected

These are business domain entities that are visible to the end user.

analysis classes

The intent of the __________ is to provide a description of the required informational, functional, and behavioral domains for a computer-based system.

analysis model

Class-based elements are composed of ___, ___, ___, and ___.

class diagrams; analysis packages; crc models, collaboration diagrams.

The waterfall model is also known as...

classic life cycle

The requirements model should delay _______ until design.

consideration of infrastructure and other nonfunctional models

Operations can generally be divided into four broad categories:

operations that manipulate data, perform a computation, inquire about the state of an object, or that monitor an object for the occurrence of a controlling event.

Use cases, along with the activity and swimlane diagrams, are ______ oriented.

procedurally

The process of changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves the internal structure.

refactoring

In requirements modeling, the level of abstraction should be ____.

relatively high.

What are the five scrum framework activities?

requirements, analysis, design, evolution, and delivery.

_____ actors support the system so that primary actors can do their work.

secondary

Each element of the requirements model should add to an overall understanding of ____ and provide insight into the ___, ___, and ______.

software requirements; the information domain; function, behavior of the system.

In scrum, within each framework activity, work tasks occur called a ____.

sprint

Behavioral elements are composed of ___ and ___.

state diagrams; sequence diagrams

Scenario-based elements are composed of ___, ___, and ___.

use cases; activity diagrams; swimlane diagrams

Elaboration is driven by the creation and refinement of ___.

user scenarios