SP2 Construction Safety Lessons 5-8

True or False: Portable ladders are prone to ladder slip therefore they are not safe.

True

True or False: a fall from even the smallest of stepladders can result in significant injury or death.

True

Guardrails

a barrier between you and an open upper-level edge.

Does the ladder's weight limitation include the weight of the materials the worker is carrying up the ladder?

Yes

Benching

a method in which the sides of an excavation are formed into one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near- vertical surfaces between levels.

Toe boards

a vertical barrier at floor level of a scaffold that prevents tools and materials from falling.

what do you do when there is a shock victim?

do not touch the victim unless you are sure the current is off. Call 911.

Used to transport items

dollies, hand trucks, and carts

Two-pronged

generally meant for home use

Sloping

involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from an excavation.

ladder Type II

medium duty

insulators

permit the flow of electricity

Shoring

requires installing aluminum hydraulic supports or other support methods to prevent soil movement and cave-ins.

three-pronged

used to be primarily for heavy use or larger electrical equipment but now are used frequently for residential purposes as well.

Risks of a trench

-Asphyxiation related to lack of oxygen -toxic substances -fire -drowning -Overloads at excavation edges that allow materials to fall in or walls to collapse -Contacting or cutting underground utility lines - Being hit by machinery or vehicles

What are the Focus Four?

-Fall hazards -Caught-in or -Between Hazards - Struck-By Hazards -Electrocution Hazards

What are the types of fall protection?

-Guardrails -Safety net system -Personal fall arrest system

Major types of fall hazards include...

-Unprotected roof edges -Improper scaffold construction -Unsafe portable ladders

types of caught in/ between hazards

-being pulled into or caught in machinery and equipment. -being compressed or crushed between rolling, sliding, or shifting objects such as semi-trailers and a dock wall, or between a truck frame and a hydraulic bed that is lowering. - Cave-ins

Electrical hazards

-contact with power lines -equipment used in manner prescribed -improper use of extension and flexible chords -lack of ground-fault protection -pat6h to the ground is missing or discontinuous

ways to turn off electricity

-main breaker -electrical panel, breaker, or box - area emergency switches - individual tool, motor, and appliance cutoffs

Strong ropes

-manila -nylon -synthetic fibers

Electrical shocks can cause ...

-pain -loss of muscle control and coordination - Internal bleeding - Damage to the nerves, muscles, or tissues -cardiac arrest - spasms and convulsions -death

functions of GFCI outlets

-prevent injuries caused by electrical short circuits with immediate shutoff -Cut off power immediately if there is any electrical leakage that could cause shocks, particularly in wet areas - shut off power immediately if a tool has a short circuit or if fuses or circuit breakers become overloaded.

Types of Struck by hazards?

-struck-by flying object -struck-by falling object -Struck-by swinging object -Struck-by rolling object

How to test air quality:

1. ensure that proper oxygen levels are present 2. ensure that combustible gases are not present. 3. Ensure that toxic gases are below the OSHA- permissible exposure limit.

Toeboards should be at least _____ inches high.

4

OSHA requires fall protection in construction at how many feet?

6

The "competent person" should be trained in scaffold safety and must supervise when a scaffold is:

Assembled, changed, moved, or taken apart.

What is the most serious and deadly excavating and trenching hazard?

Cave-ins

Most stable soil type

Class A

Less stable soil type and can break apart

Class B

Soil type most risky with granular (sandy) soil and/ or a wet trench

Class C

What is the Focus Four?

Developed to help you understand the major hazards in the construction industry, as well as you and your employer's responsibilities.

True or False: It is okay if there is improper scaffold construction as long as you are wearing the proper protection.

False

True or False: It is okay to work when there are unprotected openings and leading edges because I am wearing a hard hat.

False

True or False: You can use a personal fall arrest system to hoist material.

False

Safety Net System

Made with strong border ropes and is strong enough to withstand a 400-pound bag.

What are employees responsible for?

Reporting any cuts, tears, abrasions, undue stretching, mold, deterioration, distorted hooks or faulty hook springs, nonfunctioning parts, loose or damaged mountings, tongues that do not fit the should of buckles, contact with fire, acid, or other corrosives, or alterations or additions that limit its effectiveness.

What do you do in the case of an electricity related emergency?

Turn off the power immediately. A few seconds can literally mean the difference between life and death.

Ladder classifications

Type IA Type I Type II Type III

personal fall arrest system

Workers wear a harness connected to a fixed anchor by a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device that hold their weight and breaks their fall before they hit the ground.

conductors

allow electricity to pass through

Trench

an excavation below the ground's surface that is deeper than it is wide and no more than 15 feet wide.

Excavation

any manmade cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface formed by earth removal. This definition covers excavations of any size, from cellars to highways.

Electrical hazards expose workers to

burns, electrocution, shock, arc flash/blast, fire, and explosion.

Struck by flying objects

can be a piece of material separated from equipment, an item propelled from compressed air, or an object from a tool designed to do so.

ladder type IA

extra heavy duty

All construction sites are required to have an Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program

false

Struck-by hazards and caught-in hazards are classified the same because they both imply impact or forcible contact.

false

place the lightest object on the bottom

false

Things used for protection from falling objects.

hard hat toe boards screens guardrail system canopy barricades and bans

ladder Type I

heavy duty

Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program (AEGCP)

help ensure the safety of all cords, electrical equipment, and receptacles used by employees that are not part of a permanent structure.

Struck by falling objects

include materials being knocked off unprotected edges or suspended loads coming loose, these may also result from unsafe us of hand transport equipment.

Caught- in/ between hazards

injuries resulting from a person being squeezed , caught, crushed, pinched, or compressed between two or more objects, or between parts of an object.

Caught in hazard: what should you do to the machinery?

it should be properly guarded during us and de-energized for repairs and maintenance.

ladder Type III

light duty

Common causes of electrical accidents...

loose connections; cords and wiring with missing or frayed insulation; equipment running beyond capacity; and electrical chords left near heat, flame, or water.

insulator examples

plastic, rubber, wood, glass

Struck by hazard

produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and an object or piece of equipment. The impact alone creates the injury.

Shielding

protects workers by using trench boxes or other types supports to prevent soil cave-ins.

safety plans

should most likely include soil type, surface and ground water, and water table, utilities, location and condition of adjacent structures, and traffic.

weak ropes

sisal (usually yellow and stiff)

Which is best for bundling items? steel and plastic strapping or rope

steel and plastic strapping

Types of ladders include...

stepstools, stepladders, single ladders, and extension ladders.

GFCI ground fault circuit interrupters

switches that can shut off the flow of electricity immediately when they sense that the electrical current might no longer be flowing along the correct path.

What is the third prong of a plug?

the ground; It is connected to the ground wire to protect users from electric shocks.

A "competent person" should be designated to identify conditions that hazardous to workers, such as soil conditions.

true

Electrical plugs

two-pronged and three-pronged

conductor examples

water, metal

When does a ground fault occur?

when electricity travels outside an intended path.

How do you determine if a chord needs to be thrown away?

worn, frayed, or cracked flexible chords.