Spanish final
During the 1520's, what percentage of immigrants to Latin America were women?
15%
According to the most recent 2020 census data, the percentage of the current U.S. population that identifies as Hispanic/Latino is ___.
19%
In what year did women gain the national right to vote in the United States?
1920
By what year had all Latin American countries adopted women's suffrage as national policy?
1960
How long is the border between Mexico and the U.S.A.? (Approximately)
2000 miles
According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, how many more people are living in extreme poverty in Latin America due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
5 million
According to the NBC News article, what percentage of Latinos in the U.S. are U.S. born?
70%
In how many Latin American countries had women served as presidents or prime ministers by the end of the 1990's?
9
Who was José Martí?
A Cuban patriot and writer.
What is a "banana republic?"
A country in which the export of bananas to the U.S. and other countries played a major role in the economy and influenced political structures.
Please mark all of the following statements that are true. (See chapter by Holden and Villars.)
According to polls cited by Holden and Villars, prejudice against the LGBTQ community in Latin America has declined significantly in the 21st century. In 2009, Uruguay became the first Latin American country to allow gay couples to adopt children Bolivia's 2009 constitution defined marriage as between "a woman and a man," while prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. In 2010, Argentina became the first Latin American country (and the tenth in the world) to legalize same-sex marriage. The LGBTQ community is still subject to discrimination in Latin America.
Who was Eva Perón (1919 - 1952) ?
Advocate for the poor and disadvantaged in Argentina, married to President Juan Perón
Match the following Spanish cultural figures of the 20th century:
Antonio Gaudí: architect Antonio Machado: writer Salvador Dalí: artist Luis Buñuel: filmmaker
According to Skidmore et. al., "The principal goal" for nations participating in globalization was "to increase or guarantee their share of global economic benefits." How does he describe the hoped for economic benefits?
As a pie, whose size would increase, as would participating nations' shares..
The tango is portrayed in the Argentine video below. According to Fuentes, Borges (the great Argentinian writer) called the tango "the great conversation" of what?
Buenos Aires
Where is the Recoleta Cemetary located?
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Fuentes states that "The culture of Spanish America...brings its own gifts" to the meeting of the U.S. and Latin America. Which of the following does he include?
Care and respect for elders- 'respeto' Multilingualism Family Religion
Which of the following are major cash crops that have been exported from Central America?
Chocolate Bananas Coffee Sugar
Who was the muralist who painted the work seen below, as well as many others in Mexico City and also in the U.S.? <meta charset='utf-8'><img src="https://ucdenver.instructure.com/courses/501602/files/19446654/preview" alt="rivera.jpg"/> Big horizontal pic lutes with lots of people "Dreams of a Sunday afternoon in alameda"
Diego Rivera
According to Brewer, what was the one area where women did have more opportunities after the revolutions, providing they had the economic means?
Education
In which country did La Matanza, the massacre of more than 30,000 indigenous people by the military in 1932, take place?
El Salvador
Brewer argues that under "The Good Neighbor Policy," the US influenced Latin American politics through more subtle means, including:
Electoral oversight Investments of capital International corporations CIA actions
How often does the national census take place (as mandated by the U.S. Constitution)?
Every 10 years
According to Brewer, one group was "perhaps the most dangerous terrorist organization in Latin America today," according to some estimates accounting for "nearly 80 percent of all terrorist attacks in the Western Hemisphere." However it negotiated a peace treaty with the President of the country, who won the Nobel Prize for his efforts in 2016. In 2017, the organization turned over its weapons to the United Nations and became a legal political party named the Common Alternative Revolutionary Force.
FARC
Which Colombian artist produced the sculptures below, which are located in Denver's Cultural and Performing Arts Complex on 14th St.?
Fernando Botero
Who was the Spanish dictator who won the Civil War and then governed the country for thirty-six years?
Francisco Franco
What famous Mexican artist (1907-1954) painted the self portrait below?
Frida Kahlo
When President Obama was elected, he signed a presidential order attempting to close the prison facility at what U.S. naval base?
Guantánamo
Who is Rigoberta Menchú Tum?
Guatemalan who won the Nobel Prize (1992) for her work on behalf of indigenous populations.
According to the NBC News article, "Hispanics account for over ___ of the nation's population growth in the last decade."
Half
According to Brewer, after the wars of independence, women still were not allowed to perform various functions. Which of the following roles and rights were denied to women after the independence movements of the early 19th century?
Hold public office Vote Serve as a witness in courts
What were some of the duties assigned to the clergy in Latin America?
Impart the fundamentals of European languages Convert American Indians to Christianity Instruct the American Indians in the doctrines of the Catholic Church
According to Brewer, what are some of the effects or characteristics of poverty in Latin America?
Increased crime rates Lack of clean, sufficient housing Malnutrition, dehydration, starvation, and disease Dwindling educational opportunities
According to Brewer, which of the following perpetuate poverty in Latin America?
Internal and regional hostilities The growing chasm between the wealthy and the poor Illegal drug related production and consumption Insufficient development and distribution of food, clothing, shelter, and medicine
Which Mexican artist was famous for his engravings, including the one below? <meta charset='utf-8'><img src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Posada-Calavera-Catrina-.jpg"/> Skeleton with hat and feathers
José Guadalupe Posada
Please explain the term "Latinx."
Latinx is world used to describe someone Latin origin/ethnicity and is gender neutral. Not using Latina or Latino.
You might have already listened to some traditional Mexican "corridos" in various additional materials up to this point in the course. What are the roots of this unique musical genre?
Medieval and Renaissance Spanish romances.
In 2010, the largest Hispanic origin group in the United States was
Mexican
According to Fuentes, What is the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world?
Mexico City
The C.I.A. orchestrated a coup in Guatemala in order to regain control of fallow land that had previously belonged to the United Fruit Company (UFCO) but had been expropriated and given to Guatemalan farmers for the production of corn, beans, and other crops. (Guatemala had offered to pay for the UFCO land.) According to Brewer, what were some of the results of that coup?
Native American Guatemalans were repressed Guatemala reverted to full dictatorial control Censorship Assassinations
Which state has the largest percentage (46% in 2010, 50% in 2021) of the total population who are of Hispanic origin?
New Mexico
In what country have the Sandinistas played a significant role since the 1970's?
Nicaragua
Identify and explain two cultural values described in the assigned video for this module.
One of the cultural values described in the video is machismo, where a man must work to support the family and the woman will stay at home to maintain the house and raise their children. Another cultural value is religion/spirituality where it heavily influences everyday actions and is considered more important than materialistic goods.
Who painted this monumental criticism of the Spanish Civil War, entitled Guernica? <meta charset='utf-8'><img src="https://ucdenver.instructure.com/courses/501602/files/18382338/preview" alt="Guernica Picasso.jpg"/> Black and white weird shapes
Pablo Picasso
Fuentes notes that in the 19th century, Latin Americans looked for a cultural model. Which model did they choose?
Paris
According to Brewer, political instability in Latin America during the last third of the 20th century resulted from a number of factors
Political scandal Financial crisis Unemployment Economic stagnation Debt (foreign and domestic)
According to Holden and Villars, what was "The Bachelet phenomenon?"
Refers to MIchelle Bachelet's successful performance as president of Chile, where she was elected with 53.5 percent of the vote, and had an approval rating of nearly 90% when her term ended four years later.
Which artist, who worked in Mexico and New York, painted the famous work below? <meta charset='utf-8'><img src="http://www.dailyartfixx.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/animals-Rufino-Tamayo.jpg"/> Black wolves hungry
Ruffino Tamayo
What was the name of the Chilean president who after his election began to implement changes to help the poor and working classes and was then overthrow by the Chilean military with U.S. help in 1973?
Salvador Allende
What were the "Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo" in Argentina protesting?
The "disapperance" of their children.
Who is the protagonist of the poem Martín Fierro, by José Hernández?
The Argentine gaucho
The 1823 U.S. policy that stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European intervention or colonization was called
The Monroe Doctrine
What was the trade agreement negotiated by Clinton's government in the early 1990's?
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
What was "The Good Neighbor Policy" of 1933?
The U.S. pledge that it would not use its military for overt intervention in Latin American countries
What were the writers and intellectuals of "the Generation of 1898" reacting to?
The loss of Spain's last colonies.
Please comment on how a point or points made in the article "Savoring the Spanish of My Youth" intersect with SPECIFIC topic(s) covered in this course.
The points made in the article intersect with the topic of cultural identity. For example, the author talks about how upon returning from visiting multiple Latin American countries, they feel like a foreigner when returning to the U.S. There is a feeling of a struggling personal cultural identity, as the author mentions how speaking Spanish is met with lots of hostility, just like how many immigrants feel when they come to the U.S. COURSE TOPICS: U.S politics and relations and Spanish speaking cultures in the U.S.
According to Brewer and other historians, Central America has the distinction of being the region in the Western Hemisphere with the most intense US intervention and military presence in history.
True
According to Brewer, after World War II, "the Western Hemisphere was plunged into a sense of apprehension over what was perceived as the increasing proliferation of communism....The United States believed that if conservative regimes were in power in Latin American countries, these countries would be less likely to turn to communism."
True
According to Brewer, from the 1950's through the 1970's, left-wing insurgencies increased dramatically throughout Latin America and the US sent military advisers to train Latin American military leaders in guerrilla warfare tactics and counterinsurgency. He notes that in many cases, the militaries of these Latin American countries defeated left-leaning guerrilla fighters after long periods of fighting and then established powerful right-wing military-supported dictatorial governments that enjoyed the support of the U.S.
True
According to the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the policy gave the United States the right to a "hands-on" policy in the Western hemisphere, justifying interventions. President Theodore Roosevelt alone was responsible for more than 20 interventions in Latin American countries.
True
After the Latin American independence movements, the Catholic Church recognized the new countries of Latin America as legitimate entities and proceeded to send bishops and cardinals throughout Latin America. However, some governments were worried about the Church's influence in economic and political matters, which in some cases led to laws limiting the power of the Church in public matters and then to protests and violence by those wishing to maintain the Church's power.
True
Fuentes writes that in the 19th century, "The upper classes in Latin America emulated a European sensibility in their expenditure of wealth, style, dress, and architecture, as well as in their taste in literature and in their social, political and economic ideas." He argues that what they neglected to change were the means of production in Latin America.
True
In the 1930's, Ecuador, Brazil, Uruguay, Cuba , and El Salvador all granted women the right to vote and participate in politics.
True
Oscar Romero was a bishop, one of 18 Catholic priests who were killed by the Salvadoran military in the early 1980's after voicing their support for the insurgency in El Salvador, speaking out against the intense violence and the inequities that pervaded the country.
True
People who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin may be of any race.
True
The Catholic Church used the Inquisition throughout the colonial period in Latin America.
True
