SPED
Who would be appropriate members of the IEP team?
Parents, regular ed teacher, special ed teacher, rep of public agency, interpreter, child, representatives, other individual invited.
What are the steps of the referral process beginning with prereferral interventions and ending with placement? Be able to list the order in which these steps occur. Can Gary Say DIE?
1- Consultative approach - pre-referral team members make suggestions based on their area of expertise about educational procedures and practices that teachers can implement within the general education classroom. - Collaborative approach - members of the pre-referral team (e.g., parents, other teachers) assist classroom teachers with instructional support. - Linear approach - pre-referral team members implement the stages of the process sequentially (e.g., gathering information, implementing intervention, evaluating intervention). o Stage 1: Initial concern regarding a student's progress § The first stage in the pre-referral process, initial concern, begins when someone—a teacher, parent, or member of the school staff—starts to have concerns about a student's academic or behavioral performance. This concern may be expressed either informally or formally; however, once the pre-referral process has been initiated in a given school, it should be managed consistently, regardless of the manner in which the original concern was communicated. o Stage 2: Information gathering § Informal assessments are an especially important tool for gathering these types of information. Such assessments can help the pre-referral team to understand the nature, extent, and severity of the student's difficulties. For example, if a student is having difficulty with math, the teacher can assess or estimate his or her ability level in various skills (e.g., math facts, computation, word problems). Besides informal assessments, teachers can use a variety of sources to collect information: · Family members · Other classroom teachers · Student portfolios or work samples · Classroom observations · Cumulative school records · Attendance records · Formal assessments o Stage 3: Information sharing and team discussion § the team actually meets to begin its review of the information collected to date and to start discussing ideas and interventions—including type and intensity—that may help the student. § Typically, pre-referral teams are composed of a diverse set of individuals (e.g., general education teacher, school counselor, reading specialist) who have experience using and designing instructional techniques to address the needs of students. To establish a collegial atmosphere, team members share information in an effort to promote student success in general education classrooms. The number of people on the team varies depending on the needs of the student being referred; however, each person on the team should have a contributing role. o Stage 4: Discussion of possible strategies § During this part of the meeting, the members brainstorm strategies that they believe are most likely to meet the needs of the student. One or more strategies may be selected for each area of concern. For example, if the pre-referral team is meeting to discuss a concern about a student's difficulty in remaining seated during class work, they may generate ideas about how to implement self-regulation strategies. § Whatever intervention they end up selecting, the team must specify its duration. In many cases pre-referral interventions are implemented for a period of four to six weeks. However, duration might be influenced by the type, intensity, or frequency of the identified concern. o Stage 5: Implementation and monitoring of strategies § Implementation and monitoring are often the responsibility of a classroom teacher, though others on the team may serve as support. Data is collected during this stage and will be used to help the team determine the effectiveness of the intervention. o Stage 6: Evaluation and decision making §review the collected data and to determine whether the student has made progress. If yes, the team decides whether the teacher needs to continue the intervention. If no, the team determines whether the strategy should be continued or modified, whether a new strategy should be tried, or whether the student should be referred for special education.
What age range is served by an IEP?
3-21
Who is eligible for Section 504 accommodations?
504 accommodations are available to students with disabilities, who haven evaluated. It is designed to provide equal access and fairness in general education to students with disabilities.
Be familiar with IDEA, Section 504, and the Americans with Disabilities ACT (ADA). Be able to compare and contrast these laws.
ADA: Is a federal law that protects civil rights to all individuals with impairment in our society. § Guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications. § Recently amended in 2009. Section 504: § Is more encompassing, covers students, parents, employees, and other individuals with impairments. Definition of impairment is much broader, including any physical or mental disability that substantially limits one or more major life activity. § In public schools, 504 covers all students even if they are not eligible under the Idea. Students who qualify for 504 not automatically qualify, rather need to be evaluated. IDEA: § This law defines eligible students as those who have certain specific types of disabilities and who, because of those conditions, need special ed. and related services in order to benefit from their ed. Provided by IEPs § Student focus
What are examples of major life activities to comply with 504?
Accomodations can be made to make sure people with disabilities have an equal opportunity. This does not mean they have to, for example, make the football team
Who is eligible for FAPE
Any person qualified with disabilities under section 504 and IDEA
What is meant by zero-reject?
Any student with a disability cannot be rejected because of race or culture.
How often should the IEP be reviewed?
At least every 3 years if not every year. (usually looked over every year)
Be familiar with the disability categories under IDEA.
Autism, deaf-blindness, deafness, emotional disturbance, hearing impairment, mental retardation, multiple disabilities, orthopedic, other health issues, specific learning disabilities, speech, brain injury, Visual impairment.
What is the difference between social (BICS) and academic (CALP) English?
BISC: § Social language skill that allows students to express their needs and desires §Takes about 1-2 years to develop CALP: § Academic vocab that uses advanced vocab, more complicated grammar § Moore cognitively demanding §Takes about 5-7 years to develop
Define adaptive behavior skills and be prepared to give examples.
Behavior that enables a person to get along with their environment with the least amount of resistance: § Bathing § Getting dressed § Communication §Social skills
How does the Endrew F Case impact setting goals in a student's IEP?
Clarified standards of students IEP needs to be set up in a way the student will make progress. Comply with FAPE.
What is meant by nondiscriminatory evaluations?
Evaluate students fairly. Carry out evaluation to comply with culture background.
What is meant by Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)?
FAPE is when states are required to make free public education available to all eligible students. Students with disabilities are eligible for Fape. EX: If it is best for a student to go to a different school outside of their districts, the school pays for their transportation. Or resources the student needs should be provided by the school
List and define the 6 major principles of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (Fat Angie Zips Larry's Pants Daily)
FAPE- Free and Appropriate Public Education, States must make available to all eligible students. IEPs are used in FAPE o Appropriate Evaluation- When a student is tested for special education services, the test or other procedures used are selected and administered in such a way as not to be discriminatory based on race or culture. Make sure you have all the facts before assuming the student has a disability. o Zero Reject- Students who have a disability cannot be denied an education. o Least restrictive environment- is a continuum of services with the regular classroom being at the top of the continuum and a private residential school or facility being at the bottom of the continuum. o Parent and student participation in decision Making- before you even begin prereferral interventions as a regular educator for a student you need to notify the parents. Parents must be involved in the decision making all along the way. Consent needs to be given. o Due process/Procedural Safeguards- Protect the rights of the parent and child.
What services are considered related services? How are related services funded?
Related services are defined in IDEA regulations as transportations and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education. EX: Speech language pathology and audiology Interpreting Psychological medical
Be familiar with Section 504.
Section 504 is a federal civil rights law under the rehabilitation act of 1973. Providing protection against discrimination for individuals with disabilities. 504 accommodations are available to students with disabilities, who have been evaluated. It is designed to provide equal access and fairness in general education to students with disabilities.
What is "due process"? When is it used?
The legal requirement that requires the state to respect all the legal rights owed to a person
Who is recommended to oversee compliance in 504?
The school (general education)
What is the intent of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)?
To assess what the least restrictive environment for a student may be. Whether it is best for students to be in the classroom all day or not. Along with maybe sending them to a different school.
What is the purpose of IDEA
To ensure that children with disabilities have access to a free appropriate public education.
What is Universal Design for Learning (UDL)? What are some examples of UDL?
UDL is a framework that designs an educational environments that helps students learn and enjoy learning o electronic curricular material that is designed to be compatible with assistive technology devices o using digitized text, students can change text to speech, speech to text, font size, colors, and highlighting. o a student with a learning disability can use decoding supports and text-to-speech features incorporated into digitized history or science books
What types of teaching methods work well for students with intellectual disabilities?
o Be as concrete as possible § Demonstrate what you mean rather than just saying it o Break down activities into small steps o Teach the student life skills o Work together with students' parents
What is culturally responsive teaching?
o Embracing a fuller understanding of their students' backgrounds. Personal experiences can use them as a tool to make connections for all of their students
What steps of the special education process are parents required to be involved in?
o Giving consent o Parents can be involved in: § Meetings related to evaluation, identification, and educational placement. Provision and fape meetings § Eligibility criteria say § IEP teams § Placement decisions
What are some common characteristics and health-related problems associated with children who have Down Syndrome?
o Heart defect in 1/3 babies o Tendency to become obese
What should teachers understand in order to address student diversity in their classrooms?
o How a student referees to different people o Any major religious beliefs (for example beliefs that are visible like praying) o Cultural background
What are the REQUIRED components of the Individualized Education Plan (IEP)? Larry And Susan Place children Down Past the districts Town Meeting
o Levels of academic achievement o Annual goals o Special ed services o Participation with other children o Dates and locations o Participation in state and district assessments o Transition services o Measuring progress
What are some supports, or strategies teachers can use for ELL (English language learner) students highlighted in the module?
o Promote the success of ELL students oApply any foreign language skills to the lesson
Identify considerations for teaching in a diverse classroom
o Religion o Values o Ways of interacting by a student
What are the physical characteristics of students with Down Syndrome?
o Slanted eyes o Short neck o Small head
Wtat are the three tiers of RTI and what occurs in each tier?
o Tier one of RTI: Students receive effective instruction in the general education setting, using validated practices. Student progress is monitored on a weekly basis: § All students in the school or classroom o Tier two of RTI: Students whose progress is less than desired receive different or additional support from the classroom teacher or another educational professional. Student progress continues to be monitored. §Only student in the classroom who are struggling with learning something o Tier three: Students, whose progress is still insufficient, may receive even more intensive instruction, which can be provided in a variety of ways. Then, depending on a state's or district's policies, students may qualify for special education services based on the progress monitoring data, or they may receive either an abbreviated or comprehensive evaluation for the identification of a learning disability. § Only students that are or may be identified for special education services
How are intellectual disabilities diagnosed? Refer to the definition of ID.
o Two main things intellectual disabilities are diagnosed by: § IQ. the ability of a person's brain to learn, think, solve problems, and make sense of the world (called IQ or intellectual functioning) §How they have live independently. Whether the person has the skills he or she needs to live independently (called adaptive behavior, or adaptive functioning).
What is Universal Design for Learning (UDL)? What are some examples of UDL?
o UDL is a framework design that helps students learn and enjoy learning by designing educational environments. o electronic curricular material that is designed to be compatible with assistive technology devices o using digitized text, students can change text to speech, speech to text, font size, colors, and highlighting. o a student with a learning disability can use decoding supports and text-to-speech features incorporated into digitized history or science books
Be familiar with Universal Screening
o Universal Screening is screening all students for any learning disabilities. This can be done by giving all students the same test to see who might have a learning disability and who might not.
Be familiar with Universal Screening
o Universal Screening is screening all students for any learning disabilities. This can be done by giving all students the same test to see who might have a learning disability and who might not. o Tier one of RTI: Students receive effective instruction in the general education setting, using validated practices. Student progress is monitored on a weekly basis: § All students in the school or classroom o Tier two of RTI: Students whose progress is less than desired receive different or additional support from the classroom teacher or another educational professional. Student progress continues to be monitored. § Only student in the classroom who are struggling with learning something o Tier three: Students, whose progress is still insufficient, may receive even more intensive instruction, which can be provided in a variety of ways. Then, depending on a state's or district's policies, students may qualify for special education services based on the progress monitoring data, or they may receive either an abbreviated or comprehensive evaluation for the identification of a learning disability. § Only students that are or may be identified for special education services
What are some accommodations and strategies to help students with learning disabilities?
o breaking tasks into smaller steps, and giving directions verbally and in writing; o giving the student more time to finish schoolwork or take tests; o letting the student with reading problems use instructional materials that are accessible to those with print disabilities; o letting the student with listening difficulties borrow notes from a classmate or use a tape recorder; and o letting the student with writing difficulties use a computer with specialized software that spell checks, grammar checks, or recognizes speech
How are intellectual disabilities diagnosed? Refer to the definition of ID.
the ability of a person's brain to learn, think, solve problems, and make sense of the world (called IQ or intellectual functioning); § and whether the person has the skills he or she needs to live independently (called adaptive behavior, or adaptive functioning).
Define adaptive behavior skills and be prepared to give examples.
§ Bathing § Getting dressed § Communication §Social skills
What are some of the potential challenges and benefits for students related low SES (socioeconomic status)
§ Enter kindergarten with significantly lower language skills §More likely to be absent from school
