SPED Book

What are some things that an IEP contains?

1.) Goals 2.) A statement saying if the child participates in standardized testing 3.) A list of services 4.) Short-term objectives 5.) Child's current levels of functioning and education performance 6.) How progress will be measured

Implications(Strategies) of disproportionality

1.) apply each student's cultural and linguistic background 2.) use pre referral to help struggling students prior to referral for the special education assessment

Give examples of Presentation Accommodations

1.) increased sized of font and response bubbles 2.) increased spacing between items 3.) highlighting of key phrases in instructions 4.) give tests through a sign language interpreter 5.) give tests by audiotapes 6.) give tests using tactile formats ex. braille.

Causes of disproportionality

1.) pre-educational experiences that provide less preparation for school than the experiences of middle-class peers 2.) poverty-related experiences that appear to increase the risk of certain kinds of disabilities 3.) discrimination as a result of test bias

Examples of setting accommodations

1.) preferential seating for a student during assessment 2.) testing in small groups in separate settings 3.) testing to individuals in separate settings 4.) special lighting 5.) minimal distractions

Examples of scheduling accommodations

1.) testing to be done in completed on separate occasions 2.) testing being done at a specific time of the day 3.) allowing frequent breaks during assessment 4.) allowing extended time for the assessment 5.) allowing for eating of specific foods during test

Which of the following observed in a fourth grader would be most suggestive of dyslexia? A.)Impaired hearing and difficulty segmenting words into phonemes B.) Good attentional skills and limited vocabulary C.) Normal intelligence and difficulty with decoding D.) Traumatic Brain injury and difficulty following instructions

A. Impaired hearing and difficulty segmenting words into phonemes

Information about a 20-month old's language delay and steps that will be taken to provide support would be found in an A.) Individualized Family Service Plan B.) Individualized Education Plan C.) Infant Assessment Plan D.) Inter-agency Enrichment Plan

A. Individualized Family Service Plan. Because the child is under 3 years old

A particular assessment reveals that Marisa has performed at the 37th percentile for her age group in reading comprehension. What type of assessment was used? A.) Norm-referenced B.) Criterion-referenced C.) Individual Referenced D.) Performance-based

A. Norm-referenced

When referring to deaf-blindness, what is it called when it is acquired through illness or injury?

Adventitious

What is dyslexia that is acquired as the result of disease or injury to the brain.

Alexia

Continuum of services

Allowing special education students to participate at the greatest extent possible. This is the foundation of inclusion.

What is ADA?

Americans with Disabilities Act. They forbid discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

When a child with a learning disability struggles to learn "The Alphabet Song" (A song where the alphabet is sung in order) the underlying limitation reflects which of the following? A.) Alphabetic principle B.) Alphabet knowledge C.) Phonological awareness D.) Phonemic awareness

B, Alphabet knowledge

In the word "breaking" what is the "ing"? A.) A phoneme B.) A morpheme C.) A consonant D.) A digraph

B. A morpheme

A CSE learns form anecdotal reports that a student with both hearing and speech impairments is performing well in some academic and social contexts while struggling in others. What type of assessment is most likely to help the team determine the extent of the student's difficulties and develop a plan of action for him? A.) Standardized assessment B.) Ecological assessment C.) Authentic assessment D.) Portfolio Assessment

B. Ecological Assessment. It is B because it would allow the student to be observed in different settings and perhaps clarify which settings are problematic for the student and why in struggles in those settings.

According to IDEA, on what grounds can a student be considered eligible for special education and related services? A.) Evidence that the student is failing or doing very poorly in two or more classes. B.) Evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance. C.) Evidence that the student is not achieving his/her potential in school D.) Evidence that the student has limited English proficiency due to country of origin.

B. Evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance.

Each of the following would be a reliable source of scientifically based research EXCEPT for A.) a peer-reviewed academic journal B.) a nationally renowned newspaper C.) the What Works Clearinghouse D.) a pamphlet created by the U.S.Department of Education

B. Newspapers are not a reliable source

Which of the following characteristics is described as one of the symptoms of Autism? A.) Difficulty paying attention in social settings B.) Resistance to change in daily routines C.) Lack of interest in mechanical objects D.) Excessive verbalization with others

B. Resistance to change in daily routines

What is BIP?

Behavioral Intervention Plan

During the second week of school, a teacher notices that the medication one of her students takes every day for a medical condition impairs the student's energy and concentration, and that as a result, the student needs frequent breaks during instruction and assessment. The teacher feels that the student's low performance on tests administered at the beginning of the year is not indicative of how well the student will function in class, because those tests were administered without beaks. What type of validity is the focus of the teacher's concerns? A.) Content B.)Concurrent C.) Predictive D.) Contruct

C Predictive. It is C because the student's low test performance does not predict impaired functioning in class. So the teacher is concerned that it will look like the child will look like they do not know the information when in reality the child's medication is just impairing them.

In New York, which of the following groups would be responsible for establishing, implementing, and monitoring progress toward annual goals for a sixth grade student with disabilities? A.) CEC B.) CPSE C.) CSE D.) NYSTCE

C. CSE Committee on Special Education's goal is to develop, implement, and oversee IEP goals.

Jimmy is an emotionally disturbed 2nd grade student who spends the entire school day in the general education classroom. Jimmy often shouts, cries, and engages in other distracting behaviors when he is frustrated. At the same time, Jimmy is receptive to cueing from the teacher and quickly settles down if he feels that his frustration has been noted. Which of the following is a setting accommodation that would be most suitable for Jimmy when he participates int eh state assessment? A.) A private room should be made available for Jimmy B.) Jimmy should be allowed to have extended time on the assessment C.) Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher. D.) A scribe should help Jimmy record assessment responses

C. Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher

Dis-proportionality refers to which of the following? A.) The relatively high rate at which students with disabilities are labeled as having a learning disability. B.) The under-representation of privileged students among those who have been diagnosed with a disability. C.) The over-representation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs. D.) The relatively high percentage of assessments that have been found to contain biased items.

C. The over-representation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs.

The least restrictive environment requirement of IDEA is closely associated with A.) assessment B.) mainstreaming C.) inclusion D.) procedural safeguards

C. inclusion

What is pre-alphabetic phase?

Children can identify words, but they do so by treating words as visual objects. ex. the child reads the word "look" because she remembers that it has two "eyeballs" inside it.

What is CPSE?

Committee on Preschool Special Education. The multidisciplinary team for children between the ages 3 and 5 that receives referrals.

What is CSE?

Committee on Special Education. The multidisciplinary team that receives referrals.

When referring to deaf-blindness, what is it called when it is present at birth?

Congenital

A due process hearing might be most appropriate for which of the following situations? A.)A general education teacher has become frustrated with a student who has ADHD and poor impulse control, and the teacher seeks an outlet for the student's frustration B.) A principal is concerned that a parent brings her child to school late several mornings per week and has not responded to a note from the teacher C.) A special education teacher and a general education teacher disagree about the best approach for helping a mentally challenged student progress in reading. D.) A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved.

D. A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved. Choice D is correct because these are the last resort after disagreements involving school personnel and parents cannot e resolved through other means.

Which of the following is true of curriculum-based measurement (CBM)? A.) CBM is primarily a form of outcome assessment B.) CBM cannot be used for screening purposes under any circumstances C.) CBM works best as a tool for pre-referral assessment D.) CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring

D. CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring

Maria is a 10th grad student who takes anti-seizure medication and experiences side effects such as occasional disorientation and drowsiness. Maria's teacher notices that for several days, Maria has been especially lethargic and "out of touch". What is happening to Maria? A.) Maria's depression is becoming worse. B.) Maria is having an adverse reaction to her medication C.) Maria is developing a physical illness. D.) It is impossible to tell without further information

D. It is impossible to tell without further information

Brief, weekly tests of a student's oral reading fluency best represent which type of assessment? A.) Diagnostic B.) Outcome C.) Screening D.) Progress Monitoring

D. Progress Monitoring

What is Dyslexia that can be observed in early childhood?

Developmental Dyslexia

Norm-referenced testing includes items that always represent the content accurately for all school systems. True or False

False

Children who fail to make academic progress through ESL services are eligible for special education services. True or False

False, ESL is not part of Special Ed.

An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) differs from an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) in that an IEP includes family needs as well as the child's needs. True or False

False, IFSP includes family needs as well as the child's needs.

Portfolio assessment is a method of comparing a student with the performance of students in a national sample. True or False

False, Standardized assessment is comparing students in a national sample

The validity of a test should be determined by how consistent the results are over time.

False, its reliability instead of validity

When a test measures what it was designed to measure and what it purports to measure, this test is said to be reliable.

False, its validity instead of reliable

A test analysis of a chapter quiz is performed as a method of standardized assessment. True or False

False, standardized tests are not chapter quizes

What is FERPA?

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. They ensure the privacy of educational records such as IEPs.

Define Ecological Assessments

Focuses on the student's functioning in different environments.

What is FAPE?

Free Appropriate Public Education. Making sure that students with disabilities are entitled to the same types of educational experiences as their peers without disabilities.

Define Prereferral Assessments

Given to individual students in some states before formally referring them to special education

Define Diagnostic Assessments

Given to students who may need extra specific help.

What is a pre-referral?

Helping students who are struggling in the general education setting before referring them for special education assessment.

Disproportionality

IDEA requires school districts to design policies and procedures that prevent students from certain racial and ethnic groups from being over-represented in special education programs.

Define Alphabet knowledge

In order to enter the "learning to read" stage, children must acquire this. Its the ability to name the letters of the alphabet and recognize these letters in print.

Define IEE

Individual Educational Evaluation, If the parents disagree with the results of the evaluation. It is paid for by the school

What is IDEIA?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Often referred to as IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Governs the education of children with disabilities.

What is IAES?

Interim alternative educational setting

What is LRE?

Least Restrictive Environment, The goal is for students with disabilities to remain in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible with the fewest possible changes to day-to-day routines, and to only to be given special education services when the severity of their disability requires doing so in order for hem to be educated properly.

Examples of illnesses that would be classified in Other Health Impairement

Leukemia, epilepsy, diabetes, asthma, lupus, and sickle cell anemia

What is the NYSAA

New York State Alternative Assessment

What is Consolidated-alphabetic phase?

Recurring letter pattern become consolidated. Rather than sounding out words letter by letter, children recognize that certain groups of letters function as units. ex. would be the child who recognizes that the rime "ight", the prefix "ex-" and the suffix "tion" are always pronounced the same way, as in the words "light," "exit" and "nation" These children can read more quickly.

What is Phonology

Speech Sounds, Phoneme

Define Semantics

The meanings of parts of words, words, sentences, and larger units.

Define Morphology

The rules of governing the smallest parts of words that contribute to meaning. Morphemes

Define Decoding

The sounding out of words

A teacher analyzes the classroom assignments of her students to determine what type of mistakes the students are making. This is an example of error analysis. True or False

True

All students, regardless of disability, are required to take statewide exams, or alternative exams to measure their progress within the general education curriculum. True or False

True

Historically, pre-referral interventions have been intended to address bias in the referral process and prevent unnecessary assessments, and are now part of the Response to Intervention (RTI) model. True or False

True

What is the partial-alphabetic phase?

When a child can read the word "bat" because she knows how "b" and "t" sound and remember that when they are separated by one roundish-looking letter, the word is "bat" However; this same child might not be able to read the word "ball", because she does not know how the last letters sound, or because she mispronounces the "a"

What is a manifestation determination review?

When a student misbehaves to a high degree the IEP team meets to review whether the misbehavior is a manifestation of the student's disability or where it resulted from the school's failure to appropriately implement the IEP.

Define Portfolio Assessments

a collection of a student's work over a period of time

Define Dyslexia

a learning disability that primarily affects reading. Their intelligence is at least normal, but they struggle with reading.

What is Due Process hearings?

allows the parents to bring their complaints before an impartial, experienced individual from outside the school district.

Define Experimental design

an approach to gathering data that reflects several characteristics

What are Digraphs?

are pairs of letters that represent a single sound, such as "sh" and "oo"

Response Accommodations

changes to the format by the student providing responses to the assessment ex. 1.) use of a scribe to record student responses 2.) use of audio taping student responses 3.) allowing students to use computer to record resonses 4.) allowing students to take notes prior to responses 5.) allowing students to mark answers without filling in bubbles

Define Phonological awareness

children's understanding of the alphabetic principle

Reliability

consistency of assessment results

What is full-alphabetic phase?

decoding words letter by letter. an example would be the child who reads the sentence "We hope to find gold" as "We hop to find gold" They decode the first word and the last three words.

Define Assessment

gathering and analysis of a student's progress

Define quasi-exerimental

is like an experimental design except that there is no random assignment to groups.

Consonant clusters

pairs of consanants that appear together in a syllable. unlike diagrahs, they do not represent a single sound. Thus, in the word "charts", the "ch" is a digraph, while the "ts" is a consonant cluster.

Define Syntax

pertains to rules governing the placement of words in phrases, clauses, and sentences.

What is Due Process?

refers to the principles that attempt to guarantee the rights of citizens.

Define Authentic Assessments

reports student performance on real-life tasks carried out in real-world settings

What does SETT stand for?

students, environment, tasks, and tools. A process for decision making about assistive technology is called the SETT Frame work

What is the age of Majority?

the age that a person becomes an adult so they have to be in charge of their IEP.

Define Orthography

the system of representing oral language in writing. Pertains to spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and use of hyphens.

Define Alphabetic principle

the understanding that letters represent sounds in systematic and predictable ways. ex. in alphabetical order

Characteristics of Autism

usually detectable before age 3, affects communication, social interaction, and learning. A child with Autism may show language delays, unusual speech patterns, aversion to eye contact and touch, repetitive behaviors, and resistance to change in daily routines.

Define Screening Assessments

usually done at the beginning of the school year and administered to all students such as a vision exam

Define Pragmat

whatever contributes to meaning over and above the literal meanings of the words that are used. Cues. ex. "Jackson searched for the bug." the word bug will be interpreted differently depending on whether Jackson has been previously described as afraid of insects or as a professional spy.

Define Observational assessments

yields student behavior in natural settings