Speech Class Final Exam- The Art of Public Speaking

Rhythm

(Rhythm: Parallelism, repetition, alliteration and antithesis)

Imaginary

(Simile, Concrete words, metaphor)

Oral citations includes the following items?

****Citing the sources: Oral citations includes: the source, the author or sponsoring organization of the document, the author's creditability about topic and the date it was publish/

The situational audience

- Definition the audience analysis, that focus on situational factors the size of the audience and the disposition or the attitudes.

Mental dialogs PART 1

- mental dialogue with the audience; The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech. What does it mean to say that audiences engage in a mental dialogue with the speaker as they listen to a speech? What implications does this mental give-and-take hold for effective persuasive speaking?

The Disposition of the audience

- when you are considering the audience- must consider the audience interest on the topic, the knowledge about it and their attitude towards the topic. Interest, Knowledge, or Attitude

4 Methods of delivery>

1)reading from a manuscript 2) reciting from memory 3) Speaking impromptu 4) Speaking extemporaneously

What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence? Why is the motivated sequence especially useful in speeches that seek immediate action from listeners?

1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action Follows process of human thinking and leads listener step by step to desired action.

What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?

1. Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written translates into spoken discourse. - 2. Prepare your speaking outline. use the same visual framework and have your notecards go along your prep outline 3. Practice the speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline. 4. Begin to polish and refine your delivery. - practice your speech using a mirror. Check eye contact and use mannerism and record your speech to gain volume and cause pauses- 5. Give your speech a dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face in class.

Questions and Answer PART 1

1. Prepare for the question and answer sessions: How to prepare for question and answer session-

What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

1. Problem-Solution 2. Problem-Cause-Solution 3. Comparative Advantages 4. Monroe's Motivated Sequence

5 Tips for using examples in your speech

1. Use examples to clarify your ideas 2. Use examples to reinforce your ideas 3. Use examples to personalize your ideas 4. Make your examples vivid and richly textured 5. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

6 tips using statistics in your speeches

1. Use stats to quantify your ideas 2. Use stats sparingly 3. Identify the sources of your stats- 4. Explain your stats- Interpret and relate the stats to the audiences. 5. Round off complicated stats 6. Use visual aids to clarify stats trends

Evaluating Internet Documents- Three categories to figure out good source

1. authorship- you need to know the author 2. Sponsorship- Organization - you need to know the organization for the website 3. Recentship- (Most updated Information) How recent was that information on the website

Questions and Answer PART 2

2. Think of all the questions people can ask you and formulate what answers that they can give. Keep track of all your questions and write the answers in bold

Questions and Answer PART 3

3. Practice the delivery of your answers - ask questions and critical your answers. -- work on answers and make it straight to the point:

Articulation

: The physical production of speech sounds

Pause:

A momentary break in the vocal delivery of speech

Parallelism:

A similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words or sentences - PAGE. 230

Brief example

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Examples

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions experiences or the like.

Extended example

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

Dialect

A variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

Academic Database - Library assignment

Academic One File, JSTOR, AND Google Scholar

Simile

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word like or as between things that are essentially different yet have something in common LIKE OR AS

Metaphor

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word like or as between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common: LIKE SIMILE BUT DON'T HAVE LIKE OR AS

Why is it easy to lie with stats?

Because one can manipulate numbers in any way they want. Be careful of your sources- Are the sources coming from an organizations (study) or outside sources?

Yearbook definition (library assignment)

Book published annually

cliche

Cliché A trite or overuse expression

Meaningful words: Connotative meaning

Connotative meaning: The meaning suggested by the associations or EMOTIONS triggered by a word or phrase

What is good delivery?

Delivery converts the speaker's ideas clearly, interested and not distracting the audience. Good conversation: Need to have Conversational quality and not sound like you are reading the speech.

Meaningful words: Denotative meaning

Denotative meaning: The literal or DICTIONARY meaning of a word or phrase

EXPERT TESTIMONY

Expert Testimony: Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields. (car expert and try to look at an example to see what caused the accident)

Extemporaneous speech

Extemporaneous speech: A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

Eye contact

Eye contact: Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person- Eye contact is on showing you are confidence, sincere and you believe what you are saying.

FACT DEFINITION

Fact: A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion. - we have an answer, but we do not have enough information to answer.

The speakers body:

Gestures and Eye Contact

Gesture

Gestures: motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech

METHODS OF DELIVERY -What is good delivery?

Good delivery does not cause attention to itself***** Audience Looking at you at your message, hear you message. and not analyzing the delivery.

Direct quotation, paraphrase, and own ideas?

How to disgiustion among the direct quotations, the paraphrase's and your own ideas. When you are taking notes from someone when you did your nonprofit organization and how you introduce people from these organization you need to remember to add quotation marks around exact words of the person- that direct quotation

Impromptu speech:

Impromptu speech: A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

vivid language

It is separated into two categories

Definition: Audience Centeredness

Keeping the audience in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

Manuscript speech

Manuscript speech: A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

USING EVIDENCE

Monroe's motivated sequence: A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

ceremonial speech -

Only type to do memory -

Paraphrasing - testimony

Paraphrasing is when you presented the main ideas of that person's ideas in your own words. Don't change the meaning just changing the words. '

PEER TESTIMONY

Peer testimony: Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic. (car crash witness and giving laid/peer testimony- they saw the accident, saw what happen.

Audience Centeredness

Pg. 98- Look at audience centeredness: The thing you need to remember. when we are preparing for our speech we need to do that, so we can gain the desire responses from the listeners whether it's a speech for inform, persuade, entertained we need to look at the desire response and we want our audience to learn from us. Be persuaded by us or entertained by us. (audience/listener) every step along the way we need to think about the audience. Whether, we are selecting topic, specific purpose, main point, supporting detail, organizing the speech or delivering the speech. Every single step is focus on the audience.

QUESTION OF POLICY

Question of policy: A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. Usually contain the word "should." Need/problem, plan and practicality/solution

QUESTION OF VALUE

Question of value: A question of the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action. Life in other parts in the Universe?

Repetition:

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning to end of successive clauses or sentences - PAGE. 231

Alliteration:

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words - ex. tongue twisters

Tips on using examples:

Talks about using tips on using examples; The reasons why we use example when we are talking about. This help visualizes- use examples to clarify your ideas and gives an example of something is happening helps clarify what you trying to tell the audience.

TESTIMONY

Testimony: Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.

Antithesis:

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structures - PAGE. 232 phrases and the next phrase is the opposite

Rhythm:

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words- (Rhythm: Parallelism, repetition, alliteration and antithesis)

Imaginary:

The use of vivid language to create mental images or objects actions or ideas (Simile, Concrete words, metaphor)

Using Language

Using language- contrary to popular brief language does not mirror reality it does not simply describe the world as it is instead Lang helps create our sense of reality by giving meaning to event. Lang is not creating the events and not summarizing the event. Lang is giving new meaning to the event.

Vocal Variety

Vocal Variety: Changes in the speaker's rate pitch and volume that give the voice variety expressiveness:

Vocalized Pause

Vocalized Pause: Apposite occurs when the speaker feels the silence between words vocalizations such as UH, EER, & UM.

direct Quoting - testimony

When you have direct quotation is testimony is presented word by word and that you use quotation marks

MENTAL DIALOGS PART 2

While they listen, they assess the speaker's credibility, delivery, supporting materials, language, reasoning, and emotional appeals. You must anticipate objections and answer them in your speech.

Hypothetical example:

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation:

Year Book EXAMPLES

facts on file, world almanac, book of facts or facts on File.

Statistics

numerical data

scale questions

scale choices

direct quotation

testimony that is presented word for word

Definition Egocentrism

that people want to hear things that are meaningful to them. People are egocentric- EGO. Feel yourself. People want them to be about them

opened ended question

there is a question where you don't choose an d that you are able to write your opinion

Paraphrase

to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

fix alternative question

two or more choices