Spinal Cord - MCQ
A myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the spinal nerves in the mid cervical region in the right side. For the dye to leak out what later must have been torn or ruptured? a. arachnoid b. denticulate ligament c. periosteum d. pia e. perineurium
A
The denticulate ligament: a. is a modification of pia matter b. is found between all dorsal and ventral roots c. attaches to the dural sac continuously d. has its terminal attachment at S2 e. holds the radicular arteries in place
A
The part of the spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is the a. dorsal primary ramus b. dorsal root c. ventral primary ramus d. ventral root
A
Which is the source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerve? a. afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius b. somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae c. somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius
A
A man has a herniated intervertebral disk between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. If this disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk, which spinal nerve would be affected? a. L3 b. L4 c. L5 d. S1 e. S2
B
In order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove the: a. laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flava b. laminae, spinous processes and ligamenta flava c. pedicles, spinous processes and posterior longitudinal ligament d. transverse processes, pedicles and ligamenta flava
B
Which structure does NOT contain efferent automatic nerve fibers? a. dorsal ramus of C4 b. dorsal root of T6 c. ventral root of T3 d. ventral ramus of L2
B
A football player suffers a herniated (ruptured) intervertebral disk in his neck. The disk compresses the spinal nerve exiting through the intervertebral foramen between the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae. Which spinal nerve is affected? a. C4 b. C5 c. C6 d. C7 e. C8
C
A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers? a. motor to the deep back muscles b. motor to the pectoralis major muscle c. sensory from the skin overlying the trapezius d. sympathetic preganglionic to the suprarenal medulla e. visceral efferent to the stomach
C
Both the dural sac and the subarachnoid space end at which vertebral level? a. L4 b. L5 c. S2 d. S1 e. S4
C
In the lumbar spine, the L4 nerve root sleeve exits: a. above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen b. above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom if the intervertebral foramen c. below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen d. below the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
C
The conus medullaris: a. exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement b. has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament c. gives origin to most of the cauda equina d. is found at its lowest extent at S2 e. is normally anesthetized to perform a spinal tap
C
A 60 year old male presented with a number of unusual signs and symptoms in the facial region. Among others, it was found that the right side of his face was flushed. Further testing revealed a lack of ability to sweat in the same cutaneous region. Which nervous structures were most likely implicated in this set of clinical abnormalities? a. cranial outflow of the ans b. dorsal roots of cervical nerves c. grey rami communications of T5 d. sympathetic nerve fibers e. vagus nerve
D
It is decided to image the spinal cord and spinal nerve rootlets by doing a myelogram. In order to inject the dye without injury to the spinal cord, the injection is usually done below what vertebral level? a. L1 b. L2 c. L3 d. L4 e. L5
D
It was noted that after an injury the patient's face on the right side was flushed due to dilation of the blood vessels. The lack of vasoconstriction was due to interruption of what fibers somewhere along their course? a. somatic afferent b. somatic efferent c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic
D
Dorsal funiculus in the cervical segments contains fasciculus gracilis, laterally and fasciculus cuneatus medially. True or False?
F
The sacrum contains the subarachnoid space along the whole length of the sacral canal. True or False?
F
The spinal cord ends caudally at the coccyx. True or False?
F
The spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral canal. True or False?
F
True or False? A spinal segment is defined as that region of the spinal cord that: a. corresponds to a collection of nerves passing up or down within the white matter b. corresponds to the region of the vertebral column to which spinal nerves are sent c. sends rootlets to a particular spinal nerve d. underlies the neural arch of a particular vertebra in the adult e. none of the above
F,F,T,F,F
True or False? Grossly the spinal cord presents 2 swellings which are: a. cervical and thoracic b. cervical and lumbar c. thoracic and lumbar d. thoracic and sacral e. lumbar and sacral
F,T,F,F,F
In adults the spinal cord ends caudally at the level of ____ vertebrae
L2
Sulcus intermedius dorsalis is a groove between sulcus medianus dorsalis and sulcus dorsolateralis in the upper thoracic and cervical part of the spinal cord. True or False?
T
The atlas has the first cervical spinal nerve on its posterior arch. True or False?
T
The connection between the dorsal and lateral funicle is called Lissauer zone (zona terminalis). True or False?
T
The end of the spinal cord (conus medullaris) in adults is at L2. True or False?
T
The first spinal nerve has the shortest roots and the last one has the longest. True or False?
T
True or False? The cell bodies of the nerve fibers making up the fasciculus gracilis are found in: a. posterior root ganglion b. posterior grey horn c. nucleus gracilis d. lateral grey horn e. anterior grey horn
T,F,F,F,F
True or False? All spinal nerves: a. are formed by the union of a ventral and dorsal nerve root b. have a ganglion containing synapses and their dorsal root c. are named and numbered according to the vertebra below which they emerge d. receive a grey ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunk e. give off a white ramus communicans to the sympathetic nerve trunk
T,F,F,T,F
True or False? Dorsal roots of a spinal nerve: a. are formed by the central processes of sensory neurons in the spinal ganglion b. enter the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord c. convey somatosensory (proprioceptive and visceroseptive) information d. are covered with pia matter e. take part in the formation of the spinal nerve
T,F,T,F,T
True or False? The white matter of the spinal cord: a. is located around the grey matter b. contains 2 main fascicles along the whole length of the dorsal column c. contains fasciculi proprii (own bundles) d. ventral funiculus contains fasciculus interfasciculatus (bundle of Schultze) e. ventral funiculus is between ventral median fissure and ventral roots
T,F,T,F,T
True or False? In the spinal cord: a. there is more white matter in a cross section of the cervical region that the lumbar region b. the anterior horns of grey matter are larger in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region c. the fibers associated with the sensation of pain and temperature form a tract in the anterior columns of white matter d. descending fibers from the motor area of the brain are found in the lateral and anterior columns of the white matter e. there are no descending fibers in the posterior columns
T,T,F,T,F
True or False? The white matter of the spinal cord: a. contains myelin fibers, non-myelin fibers, and blood vessels b. has 3 columns c. has white commissure posteriorly to the grey commissure d. has root system and conductive system e. is covered with arachnoidea
T,T,F,T,F
True or False? The boundary between spinal cord and medulla oblongata: a. foramen magnum b. pyramidal decussation c. exit of the first pair of spinal nerves d. exit of the last pair of cranial nerves e. contain autonomic fibers
T,T,T,F,F
True or False? The spinal cord in the adult: a. usually ends about the level of the lower border of the first lumbar vertebrae b. has its largest cross sectional area at the level of the lower cervical vertebrae c. has an anterior medial fissure and a posterior medial septum d. gives origin to the preganglionic fibers of all the parasympathetic nerves e. receives its blood supply entirely from the vertebral arteries
T,T,T,F,F
True or False? Cells that convey information to the CNS are: a. afferent sensory neurons b. pseudounipolar cells c. first neuron in the sensory pathway d. located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord e. with peripheral processes ending on somatic or splanchnic receptor
T,T,T,F,T
True or False? The ventral roots of a spinal nerve: a. convey motor information to the skeletal muscles b. exit through the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord c. are ensheated with dura mater spinalis d. originate from interneurons in the ventral horn e. contain automatic fibers
T,T,T,F,T
If in the process of doing a lumbar puncture a spinal needle was injected posteriorly in the midline until it has just penetrated the posterior longitudinal ligament, would the needle have entered the subarachnoid space? Yes or No?
Yes
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related? a. intervertebral foramen 1. dorsal root of spinal nerve b. spinal ganglion 2. trunk of spinal nerve c. brachial plexus 3. conus medullaris d. spinal cord 4. cervical intumescentia
a-2 b-1 c-4 d-3
To which of the A to C structures are 1 to 3 most closely related? a. posterior funiculus 1. ventral corticospinal tract b. lateral funiculus 2. fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus c. anterior funiculus 3. ventral spinocerebellar tract
a-2 b-3 c-1
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 3 most closely related? a. ventral medial fissure 1. spinal dura matter b. epidural space 2. subarachnoid space c. cerebrospinal fluid 3. anterior spinal artery d. terminal cistern
a-3 b-1 c-2 d-2
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related? a. grey commissure 1. spinal pia matter b. lateral column 2. ventral root of spinal nerve c. ventral medial fissure 3. visceromotor neurons d. ventrolateral sulcus 4. canalis centralis
a-4 b-3 c-1 d-2
The spinal cord has the following number of segments: a. cervical - b. thoracic - c. lumbar - d. sacral - e. coccygeal -
a. 8 b. 12 c. 5 d. 5 e. 1
List 3 elements at the caudal end of the spinal cord.
cauda equina, conus medullaris, filum terminale
Spinal cord enlargements are found in the ___ and ___ regions.
cervical and lumbar
In spinal cord anesthesia through the sacral hiatus the anesthetic is introduced into .....
epidural space
The border between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is defined by the following 3 structures:
foramen magnum, pyramidal decussation, exit of first pairs of spinal roots
The spinal cord white matter is organized around the grey matter in 3 columns called.....
funiculus dorsalis, funiculus, lateralis, funiculus ventralis
The trunk of a spinal nerve is formed in .....
intervertebral foramen
Pain and temperature sensation is conveyed via ......
lateral spinothalamic tract
A spinal segment is defined by ......
the exit of the roots of a spinal nerve
