SPM chap 2
23.The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a.spiral life cycle c.waterfall life cycle b.RAD life cycle d.incremental build life cycle
D
6.The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. a.political frame c.structural frame b.symbolic frame d.human resources frame
A
1.____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a.Systems philosophy c.Systems analysis b.Systems thinking d.Systems approach
B
10.Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____. a.functional organizational structure c.matrix organizational structure b.project organizational structure d.circular organizational structure
B
15.____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a.Means-ends orientation c.Conflict tolerance b.Open-systems focus d.Risk tolerance
B
14.The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a.member identity c.people focus b.group emphasis d.unit integration
C
16.Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the ____. a.CPO c.CEO b.CFO d.CIO
D
11.Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____. a.functional organizational structure c.matrix organizational structure b.project organizational structure d.circular organizational structure
A
17.A ____ is a collection of project phases. a.project life cycle c.project planning cycle b.project feasibility d.project acquisition
A
18.In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____. a.lowest; highest c.lowest, lowest b.high, lowest d.highest, highest
A
20.In the ____ phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. a.development c.concept b.implementation d.close-out
A
4.The ____ focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a.structural frame c.political frame b.human resources frame d.symbolic frame
A
8.In a ____, program managers report to the CEO. a.project organizational structure c.matrix organizational structure b.system organizational structure d.functional organizational structure
A
2.The term "systems approach" emerged in the ____. a.1940s c.1960s b.1950s d.1970s
B
21.In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a.development c.concept b.implementation d.close-out
B
22.The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a.spiral life cycle c.prototyping life cycle b.waterfall life cycle d.RAD life cycle
B
24.The ____ model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a.RAD life cycle c.spiral life cycle b.prototyping life cycle d.incremental build life cycle
B
26.Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the ____. a.1950s c.1980s b.1970s d.1990s
B
5.The ____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people. a.structural frame c.political frame b.human resources frame d.symbolic frame
B
12.In a ____ matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. a.weak c.strong b.balanced d.functional
C
13.____ is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a.Organizational politics c.Organizational culture b.Organizational philosophy d.Organizational structure
C
19.A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the ____ phase, and an overview of the work involved is created. a.implementation c.concept b.development d.close-out
C
25.The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype. a.incremental build life cycle c.RAD life cycle b.waterfall life cycle d.spiral life cycle
C
9.In a ____, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a.project organizational structure c.matrix organizational structure b.system organizational structure d.functional organizational structure
C
3.____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a.Systems philosophy c.Systems troubleshooting b.Systems management d.Systems analysis
D
7.A ____ is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart. a.project organizational structure c.matrix organizational structure b.system organizational structure d.functional organizational structure
D