Sport Psych Exam 3

A cognitive coping strategy might be more effective in addressing the debilitating effects of cognitive anxiety than an emotion focused coping strategy a)Matching hypothesis. b)Hypothesis of best fit. c)Proactive coping. d)None of the above.

a) matching hypothesis

Setting of _______________ can help in attaining long term goals. a)Short term goals. b)Setting more difficult goals. c)Setting of goals that are easier to attain. d)Setting unrealistic goals.

a) short term goals

Imagery ________ reflects individual differences in the way an individual approaches imagery. a)Style. b)Vividness. c)Controllability. d)Intensity.

a) style

Which is not a primary category of self talk (the what)? a)Cognitive restructuring. b)Task specific statements relating to technique. c)Encouragement and effort. d)Mood words.

a) cognitive restructuring

__________________ is defined as the process of striving to set and to achieve goals. a)Goal striving. b)Goal attainment. c)Goal setting. d)Goal tending.

a) goal striving

The athlete imagines herself executing a sport task from within her own body. a)Internal imagery. b)Visual imagery. c)Kinesthetic imagery. d)Proprioceptive imagery.

a) internal imagery

Which of the following factors is not instrumental in helping coping skills to transfer to other situations? a)Internal locus of control for coping. b)Learned resourcefulness. c)Recognition of stimulus generality. d)A narrow perspective on skill application.

d) A narrow perspective on skill application.

Which of the following is not an important component in the development of a needs assessment plan for a psychological skills training program? a)An open ended interview. b)Psychological skill performance profiling. c)Observation of athletes during practice and competition. d)Administration of Cattell's Personality Inventory.

d) Administration of Cattell's Personality Inventory.

In a psychological skills training program, what should be accomplished at the initial meeting between the athletes and sport psychologist. a)Recognition of equal importance of mental and physical training for peak performance to occur. b)Willingness to commit more than 15-minutes at the end of practice to mental training. c)Psychological skills training viewed as an equal partner to practicing physical skills. d)All of the above.

d) All of the above

Planned psychological skill intervention programs have been shown to be effective in research of the following type. a)Multiple baseline single subject designs. b)Experimental designs in which participants were assigned to treatment conditions. c)Qualitative research designs. d)All of the above.

d) All of the above

The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool measures a)Foundation mental skills. b)Psychomotor skills. c)Cognitive skills. d)All of the above

d) All of the above

An advantage of performance goals over outcome goals is that a)Performance goals can be accomplished even if outcome goals are not realized. b)If individuals meet performance goals, outcome goals should take care of themselves. c)Members of team sports have greater control over achieving personal performance goals than they do over team outcome goals. d)All of the above.

d) All of the above.

In the initial induction phase, hypnotism is physiologically identical to a)Progressive relaxation. b)Autogenic training. c)Meditation. d)All of the above.

d) All of the above.

The vast majority of coping strategies used by elite athletes can be categorized under the heading of a)Psychological training. b)Physical training and strategizing. c)Somatic relaxation. d)All of the above.

d) All of the above.

Along with the sport and exercise domain, one of the most fruitful areas for applying principles of positive psychology is the domain of a)Police work. b)The theater. c)Music and art. d)Business.

d) Business.

In this function (type) of imagery, the athlete imagines himself reviewing team defensive strategies in volleyball, e.g. the athlete imagines the team shifting the defensive formation to defend against a quick attack from the middle. a)Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M). b)Motivational General-Arousal (MG-A). c)Cognitive Specific (CS). d)Cognitive General (CG).

d) Cognitive General (CG).

In a psychological skills training program, the first and most important step is for the sport psychologist to a)Determine what the problem is. b)Administer psychological inventories. c)Conduct a needs analysis. d)Determine who the client is.

d) Determine who the client is.

Which of the following is not a psychological skill used during hypnotic induction? a)Relaxation. b)Focused attention. c)Imagery. d)Increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

d) Increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

Research shows that the ability to use imagery to visualize events a)Is based upon language skills and not any aspect of the brain. b)Only occurs when we reproduce a recent event. c)Resides in the brain generally (diffuse). d)Is based on a specific region in the brain responsible for seeing things in our mind's eye.

d) Is based on a specific region in the brain responsible for seeing things in our mind's eye.

Psychological intervention programs are effective in increasing self-confidence, focusing attention, energizing effort, and enhancing athletic performance. a)Based on the literature, this is basically a true statement. b)Based on the literature, this is a false statement. c)The sport psychology literature is silent on this point. d)All of the above.

a) Based on the literature, this is basically a true statement.

Which statement is false relative to the use of individual goal setting as an immediate self energizing strategy? a)Goal setting is only effective when used for purposes of long range planning and skill development. b)Successful athletes use goal setting to motivate and energize them for an approaching competition. c)Goal setting practiced contiguous with an event is a form of positive self-talk containing specific goal parameters. d)Goal setting, even in acute situations, is highly motivating and energizing.

a) Goal setting is only effective when used for purposes of long range planning and skill development

Research suggests that ____________ mediates the relationship between __________ and performance. a)Goal setting, goal orientation. b)Goal orientation, goal setting. c)Goal striving, goal setting. d)Goal setting, self-efficacy.

a) Goal setting, goal orientation.

Which of the following is not a viable theoretical explanation for why imagery enhances athletic performance? a)Iconic image theory. b)Psychoneuromuscular theory. c)Symbolic learning theory. d)Attention and Arousal set theory.

a) Iconic image theory.

Which of the following is false relative to the where and when of imagery use? a)Most imagery takes place during training as opposed to during competition. b)Most imagery takes place during competition. c)Most imagery takes place prior to competition as opposed to during or after. d)Some imagery takes place at home away from the practice facility.

a) Most imagery takes place during training as opposed to during competition.

Imagery cannot be used by the brain to a)See into the future. b)Provide repetition of events. c)Elaborate on events. d)Intensification of experiences.

a) See into the future.

According to symbolic learning theory, imagery works to improve performance because a)The individual literally plans her actions in advance. b)It results in subliminal neuromuscular patters. c)It provides a preview of future events. d)None of the above.

a) The individual literally plans her actions in advance.

Which of the following is not a basic premise of Locke and Latham's theory of goal setting? a)To be effective, goals must be rehearsed daily. b)A linear relationship exists between degree of goal difficulty and performance. c)Goals that are specific lead to a higher level of performance. d)Goals that are difficult lead to a higher level of performance.

a) to be effective, goals must be rehearsed daily

Autogenic training is a relaxation procedure developed by a)Johannes Schultz. b)Edmond Jacobson. c)Bryan Cratty. d)Henry Benson.

a)Johannes Schultz

Which of the following is a pencil and paper inventory designed to measure mental toughness? a)Dispositional Flow and Mental Toughness Scale. b)Australian Football Mental Toughness Inventory. c)Martial Arts Mental Toughness Inventory. d)Mental Toughness Inventory for Team Sports.

b) Australian Football Mental Toughness Inventory.

Striving for personal goals that are based upon _____________________ leads to sustained effort. a)Self-determined motivational regulation. b)Autonomous motivational regulation. c)Externally controlled motivational regulation. d)Task goal orientation regulation.

b) Autonomous motivational regulation.

Constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taking or exceeding the resources of the person. a) Stress management. b) Coping. c) Arousal control. d) None of the above.

b) Coping

Which of the following is not a reliable principle of goal setting in exercise and sport? a)Specific goals are better than general goals. b)Difficult goals should never be used. c)Short term goals are helpful in achieving long term goals. d)Goals must be accepted by the athlete in order to be effective.

b) Difficult goals should never be used.

The relationship between goal setting and goal orientation research a)Has never been studied together in the same investigation. b)Has only recently been studied together in the same investigation. c)Will never be studied together in the same investigation because of their different perspectives and different literatures. d)Has been studied together for many years.

b) Has only recently been studied together in the same investigation.

What are the two dimensions in Paivio's conceptual model of imagery? a)Imagery functioning, imagery practice. b)Imagery purpose, imagery application. c)Imagery stability, imagery locus. d)Imagery vividness, Imagery control.

b) Imagery purpose, imagery application.

Which of the following is true relative to internalizing goals? a) An athlete must set his/her own goal in order for it be internalized. b) It is important that the athlete internalize goals. c) It is usually better if the coach sets an athlete's goals for him/her. d) All of the above.

b) It is important that the athlete internalize goals.

Transcendental meditation is a form of meditation popularized by a)Jane Fonda. b)Maharishi Mahesh Yogi c)Chakra Yoga Rinzai Zen d)Buddha

b) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

Which statement is false relative to the use of mental practice and time factors? a)More is not necessarily better when it comes to the use of mental practice. b)More is always better when it comes to the use of mental practice. c)Mental practice is more beneficial when it precedes physical practice as opposed to following physical practice. d)Mentally practicing for 1 to 3 minutes is more beneficial than mentally practicing for 5 to 7 minutes.

b) More is always better when it comes to the use of mental practice.

What is at the base or foundation of the Hierarchical Structure of Professional Philosophy? a)Intervention techniques/methods b)Personal core beliefs and values. c)Theoretical paradigm. d)Intervention goals.

b) Personal core beliefs and values.

Research identified 17 athlete-counseling competencies believed to be essential for ethical psychotherapeutic practice with athlete clients. These 17 are further classified under three headings. Which of the following is not one of those important headings? a)Attitudes and beliefs. b)Personality traits. c)Knowledge. d)Skills.

b) Personality traits.

Focus is upon alleviating the environmental stimulus that is causing the stress response a)Emotion focused coping. b)Problem focused coping. c)Avoidance style of coping. d)Approach style of coping.

b) Problem focused coping

Which of the following is not an example of an inventory designed to measure the psychological skills of athletes? a)Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports. b)Profile of Psychological Skills Inventory. c)Athletic Coping Skills Inventory. d)Test of Performance Strategies.

b) Profile of Psychological Skills Inventory.

Peak performance in any endeavor begins with a dream that is associated with positive feelings and emotions. a)Self-regulation model. b)Resonance performance model. c)Athlete-centered model. d)Mental skills development model.

b) Resonance performance model.

Which of the following is an example of "neutral hypnosis"? a)The subject is asked to bark like a seal. b)The subject has just been hypnotized and is experiencing the effects of the relaxation response. c)The subject is imagining herself serving a volleyball during competition. d)The athlete is experiencing eustress.

b) The subject has just been hypnotized and is experiencing the effects of the relaxation response.

In a real sense, the brain cannot tell the difference between an actual physical event and the vivid imagery of the same event. a)False statement. b)True statement. c)Partially true statement. d)Partially false statement.

b) True statement.

Progressive relaxation involves the process of tensing and relaxing muscles, but does not involve a)Long hours of initial practice. b)Activation of the sympathetic nervous system. c)Reduction in associated anxiety. d)Systematic relaxation of every muscle group in the body.

b) activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Which factors are not instrumental in helping coping skills to transfer to other situations? a)Recognition of stimulus generality. b)External locus of control for coping. c)Broad application of coping skill. d)Internal locus of control for coping (ownership).

b) external locus of control for coping

A/An ________________ goal is one that you can quantify, in the sense that you know how close you are to achieving the goal. a)Specific b)Measurable c)Observable d)Action

b) measurable

Finishing the season with a winning record a)Effective goal. b)Outcome goal. c)Performance goal. d)Process goals.

b) outcome goal

The _______ consists of physiological changes that are opposite to the fight or flight response of the sympathetic nervous system a)Anxiety-stress spiral. b)Relaxation response. c)Psyching up process. d)Activation response.

b) relaxation response

Which of the following is not a viable definition of hypnosis? a)The uncritical acceptance of a suggestion. b)A procedure wherein changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are suggested. c)An altered state of consciousness unrelated to hyper-suggestability. d)An induced temporary condition of being, a state, that differs mentally and physiologically from a person's normal state of being.

c) An altered state of consciousness unrelated to hyper-suggestability.

Which of the following statements is not true about imagery? a)An image can be created in the mind in the absence of external stimuli. b)An image may involve one or all of the senses. c)An image cannot be created, it can only be reproduced. d)An image is created from information stored in the sensory register, working memory, and/or long term memory.

c) An image cannot be created, it can only be reproduced.

Which of the following is the best example of a good measurable performance goal? a)I will improve my basketball game by 100%. b)I will become a better bowler. c)I will get 75% of my first serves in the tennis court by the end of this season. d)I will improve my free throw shooting percentage in basketball.

c) I will get 75% of my first serves in the tennis court by the end of this season.

Which of the following is not an example of the purpose or function of imagery use (why)? a)Edification. b)Entertainment. c)Imagery perspective. d)Motivation.

c) Imagery perspective.

It is during the ___________ that the hypnotist actually hypnotizes the subject. a)Pre-hypnotic phase. b)Hypnotic phase. c)Induction phase. d)Waking hypnotic phase.

c) Induction phase.

Psychological methods and strategies to be taught in a psychological skills training program are based upon a carefully developed a)Daily practice schedule. b)Guide book for psychological skills training. c)Needs assessment plan. d)None of the above.

c) Needs assessment plan.

The _________________ model addresses the process of goal striving and its effect on well-being within the broad conceptual framework of _________________ theory. a)Self-reflection, self-efficacy. b)Self-concordance, goal perspective. c)Self-concordance, self-determination. d)Goal perspective, self-determination.

c) Self-concordance, self-determination.

Self-generated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are planned and cyclically adapted based on performance feedback. a)Psychological skills. b)Psychological method. c)Self-regulation. d)Performance enhancement.

c) Self-regulation.

Mental toughness is a a)Set of personality characteristic. b)Set of learned behavioral characteristics. c)Set of psychological characteristics that can be developed as well as some aspects that are innate. d)Set of personality characteristics that are innate as well as some aspects that can be developed.

c) Set of psychological characteristics that can be developed as well as some aspects that are innate.

Relative to goal setting, the SMART principle is an acronym that refers to the notion that goals should be a)Simple, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, thoughtful. b)simple, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, timely. c)Specific, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, timely. d)Specific, memorable, action-oriented, reliable, thoughtful.

c) Specific, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, timely.

Research suggests that when selecting a mental training professional, athletes prefer ___________ over ___________ titled individuals. a)Titled, non-. b)Psychology, sport psychology. c)Sport psychology, psychology. d)Coaches, sport psychology.

c) Sport psychology, psychology.

Which of the following statements is false relative to ethics used in sport psychology by members of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP)? a)The AASP Ethical Code is composed of six general principles. b)The AASP Ethical Code is base in a large part on the Ethical Principles of the American Psychological Association. c)The AASP does not have their own ethical code, so they use the Ethical Principles of the American Psychological Association as their guide. d)Members of AASP are bound by a code of ethics that governs their interactions with the public and with other professionals.

c) The AASP does not have their own ethical code, so they use the Ethical Principles of the American Psychological Association as their guide.

Which statement is false relative to preparation for competition? a)An initially under aroused athlete can benefit from coach initiated activation activities. b)An optimally aroused athlete may become over aroused form coach initiated activation activities. c)Coach initiated activation exercises are always beneficial to the athlete. d)Coach initiated activation exercises may be counterproductive for the initially over aroused athlete.

c) coach initiated activation exercises are always beneficial to the athlete

A coping measurement instrument that reflects the coping styles and strategies conceptual framework a)Ways of Coping Checklist. b)Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. c)Coping Style in Sport Survey. d)Coping Styles and Strategies Inventory.

c) coping style in sport survey

There exists two perspectives from which imagery can be applied. The two imagery perspectives are a)Kinesthetic, visual. b)Proprioceptive, visual. c)Internal, external. d)None of the above.

c) internal, external

Which of the following is not a reason why goal setting results in improved athletic performance? a)Causes the athlete to focus attention upon the task. b)Effort mobilization. c)Learning strategy contentment. d)Nurtures persistence.

c) learning strategy contentment

A _____ by the coach or a respected member of the team is the most common method used to increase the activation level of athletes a)Team goal setting. b)Bulletin boards. c)Pep talk. d)Parental interaction.

c) pep talk

Which of the following is not an example of a psychological skill? a) Goal setting b) Imagery use c) Self-confidence d) Progressive relaxation

c) self confidence

What might happen if the details of a process goal are attended to during the execution of a well learned sport skill? a)Attention to detail will result in quality execution of skill. b)Nothing, because process goals are ineffective. c)Smooth execution of an automated motor skill may be interfered with. d)None of the above.

c) smooth execution of an automated motor skill may be interfered with

Which of the following is not identified as a model of psychological skill development? a)Self-regulation model. b)Resonance performance model. c)Athlete-centered model. d)Mental skills development model.

d) Mental skills development model.

Which of the following does not occur during the hypnotic phase of hypnosis? a)Subject experiences neutral hypnosis. b)Subject experiences waking hypnosis. c)Subject given posthypnotic suggestions. d)Subject carries out posthypnotic suggestions.

d) Subject carries out posthypnotic suggestions.

Which of the following is an example of a between-play routine for a tennis player? a)Take some practice serves. b)Keep physically active by running some short sprints. c)Focus on the next play. d)Take care of your body and your equipment.

d) Take care of your body and your equipment.

Which of the following is a common reason why athletes get discouraged with goal setting? a)Goals are too difficult and unrealistic. b)Too much reliance on outcome goals. c)Setting too many goals. d)All of the above.

d) all of the above

Vent unpleasant emotions a)Approach-problem focused coping. b)Approach-emotion focused coping. c)Avoidance-problem focused coping. d)Avoidance-emotion focused coping.

d) avoidance-emotion focused coping

Which of the following is not a common physiological indicator used in biofeedback? a)Skin temperature. b)Electromyography. c)Electroencephalogram. d)Blood chemistry.

d) blood chemistry

Focus upon a smooth and seemingly effortless gold swing a)Part focused process goal. b)Outcome goal. c)Performance goal. d)Holistic process goal.

d) holistic process goal

Using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mind. a)Self-talk. b)Thought stopping. c)Attentional focus. d)Imagery.

d) imagery

As a psychological method for improving self confidence, self talk must be ______ in nature and lead to ______ feelings about athlete's behavior a)Futuristic, neutral. b)Vocal, changed. c)Negative, negative. d)Positive, positive.

d) positive, positive

Keep the left elbow straight while executing a golf drive a)Effective goals. b)Outcome goals. c)Performance goals. d)Process goals.

d) process goals

Coping involves a personal response on the part of the athlete to address a a) Opponent. b) Arousal response. c) Attentional deficit. d) Stress response.

d) stress response

The indiscriminate use of intervention strategies to control anxiety and arousal has prompted sport psychologists to propose a closer fit between debilitating symptom and its cure. This is referred to as a)The undifferentiated hypothesis. b)Cognitive intervention selection. c)Stress management. d)The matching hypothesis.

d) the matching hypothesis

Which is not one of the four W's associated with imagery? a)Where/when. b)What. c)Why. d)Who.

d) who

Perhaps because of the difficulty of classifying avoidance coping as being either emotion or problem focused, some authors have identified only three categories of coping instead of four. These three categories are typically identified as a)Cognitive, behavioral, avoidance. b)Emotion, problem, avoidance. c)Emotion, problem, approach. d)Both a and b above.

d)Both a and b above