Sports Culture exam 1

National Police Gazette

American magazine founded in 1845 under publisher Richard K. Fox

Amateurism

1906, originally the NCAA's core beliefs in what a student-athlete should be rewarded and allowed to accept financially for their athletic talents

Walter C. Camp

American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the "Father of American Football". Among a long list of inventions, he created the sport's line of scrimmage and the system of downs

Jack Dempsey

American professional boxer who competed from 1914 to 1927, and reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926

Rocky Marciano

American professional boxer who competed from 1947 to 1955, and held the world heavyweight title from 1952 to 1956. He went undefeated in his career and defended the title six times

Michelle Kwan

She finished eighth in the 1994 World Championships at the age of 13, earning a spot as an alternate for the 1994 Olympic Games. Not long after her first foray into the Olympics, Kwan began a dominant force in the world of figure skating. She captured the world title in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003

Negro League

United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams predominantly made up of African Americans

Smokey Joe Wood

Wood's Major League debut was with Boston in 1908. In 1912, at the age of 22, he collected ten shutouts during his sixteen consecutive victories, tying an American League record. He also won three games in the 1912 World Series. Joe was quickly dubbed "Smoky" for the great balls of fire he threw from the mound. An injury in 1913 caused Joe excruciating pain in his shoulder and arm. He sat out the entire 1916 season in an attempt to nurse his arm back to health. After nine seasons as a pitcher, Joe made a short-lived but successful position switch to outfielder, where he would go on to finish his career for the Indians from 1918 to 1922. After retiring, Joe spent twenty years as head coach of the Yale University baseball team, compiling a career managing record of 283-228-1 in the process.

Queensberry Rules

a set of basic rules for modern boxing, requiring among the main provisions the use of gloves instead of bare knuckles and the 10-second count for a knockout.

Tom Molyneaux

black american boxer, December 18, 1810, Molyneux met Cribb for the championship. In the 28th round Tom appeared to knock out Cribb, but when Cribb was unable to respond, his seconds rushed across the ring and complained that Molyneux had been hiding lead bullets in his fists. While Molyneux and his supporters spent time disproving the accusation, Cribb recovered and was allowed to continue. In the 31st round, Molyneux's head struck a stake in the ground, when he tripped over Cribb after throwing him to the ground. Semi-conscious and unable to defend himself in the 33rd round, Molyneux fell to the ground and announced he could fight no more in a bout that would go down as one of the most unfairly contested championship bouts in England's history

Theodore Roosevelt

boxed for Harvard University's intramural lightweight championship and continued to spar recreationally during his political career. During his days in the White House, he regularly put up his dukes against former professional boxers and other sparring partners until a punch from a young artillery officer smashed a blood vessel and left him nearly blind in his left eye

Manolete

bullfighter, died while bullfighting and is the most famous death of a bullfighter

John L. Sullivan

famous boxer from boston, refused to fight black people, fought james corbett under queensberry rules in 1892 and lost in 21st round, never fought again

Jack Johnson

first African American world heavyweight boxing champion, black man who dated white women, hated by many white men across the country

Plessy Vs Ferguson

landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Gilded Age

late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900.saw the rise of what some people have called "sports-mania." Not only baseball but also boxing (really popular throughout 19th century,) college football, basketball was invented, and other sporting activities such as croquet, polo, tennis, golf, swimming and bicycling

Abner Doubleday

military officer in the Civil War, best known as the inventor of baseball, though he was not. In 1907, a panel of baseball experts headed by A. G. Spalding conducted a highly-publicized investigation into the origins of the game, and concluded that Doubleday had written the rules for baseball in 1839 in Cooperstown, New York

Ty Cobb

overcame family tragedy to forge one of the greatest careers in big-league baseball history. He established records with his 12 batting titles and .366 career average, but also developed a reputation for his fierce play and terrible temper,In one instance, during a game in 1912, he charged into the stands and began beating a heckler who had been crippled in a printing press accident.

Reserve clause

part of a player contract that stated upon the contract's expiration, the rights to the player were to be retained by the team.

Muscular Christianity

philosophical movement that originated in England in the mid-19th century, characterised by a belief in patriotic duty, manliness, the moral and physical beauty of athleticism, teamwork, discipline, self-sacrifice

Daily Racing Form

tabloid newspaper founded in 1894 in Chicago, Illinois, by Frank Brunell. The paper publishes the past performances of race horses as a statistical service for bettors on horse racing in North America

WASP

term for a closed social group of high-status and influential white Americans of English Protestant ancestry, applies to a group who control disproportionate financial, political and social power in the United States

National League

the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league.