Sports Nutrition Final
Dietitians, athletic trainers, coaches, and other professionals providing nutrition education to athletes should protect the confidentiality and privacy of information shared in consultation with athletes. A: True B: False
A: True
People, regardless of their professional background, can educate athletes using "public domain" information A: True B: False
A: True
Satiation signals the body that it is full. A: True B: False
A: True
Slower, more gradual weight loss is more likely to produce fat weight loss than muscle weight loss. A: True B: False
A: True
Supplementing with vitamins C and E at levels close to, but not above, the upper limit is beneficial for recovery after endurance exercise. A: True B: False
A: True
The credential "LD" behind a professional's name means he or she is a licensed dietitian. A: True B: False
A: True
The majority of research investigating vitamins and minerals indicates that unless an athlete is deficient, supplementation beyond the RDA has no effect on sport performance. A: True B: False
A: True
Walk-in consultations, though brief, can provide the athlete with valuable sports nutrition information. A: True B: False
A: True
The bullet points at the end of the article suggest that A: a wide range of dietary approaches can be similarly effective for improving body composition B: ketogenic diets produce the greatest changes in body composition as compred to the other strategies C: very low energy diets are most effective at changing body composition
A: a wide range of dietary approaches can be similarly effective for improving body composition
One potential explanation for the phenomenon of "hard gainers" or athletes who find it difficult to gain weight even in hypercaloric conditions is A: an increase in NEAT B: a decrease in training intensity C: a decrease in protein intake
A: an increase in NEAT
A recent systematic review of intermittent fasting found that intermittent energy restriction creates ___________ body weight reduction and body composition change as compared to continuous energy restriction A: equivalent B: greater C: less
A: equivalent
The recent series of studies conducted by Antonio, et al on the effects of high protein diets on body composition in conjunction with resistance training found that even though the high protein group consumed more calories.... A: fat mass did not significantly increase B: lean mass did not significantly increase C: total mass did not significantly increase
A: fat mass did not significantly increase
The crucial factor with regards to ketogenic diets that promotes greater weight loss during controlled hypocaloric conditions is A: high protein intake B: low carbohydrate intake C: neither of these
A: high protein intake
How does the ISSN determine if a nutritional supplement is classified as "ergogenic"? A: most human studies support the ingredient as being effective in promoting further increases in muscle hypertrophy or performance with exercise training B: If the manufacturer of the supplement claims it is ergogenic C: Pre-clinical or animal studies show enhanced muscle hypertrophy of exercise performance with the ingredient
A: most human studies support the ingredient as being effective in promoting further increases in muscle hypertrophy or performance with exercise training
By law, what is the only allowable method of ingestion of a substance labeled as a dietary supplement? A: oral B: transdermal C: sublingual
A: oral
What is the correlation between energy intake as reported by a food record and total energy expenditure as assessed through the doubly labeled water technique in the athletic population? A: positive B: negative
A: positive
The most satiating macronutrient is A: protein B: carbohydrate C: fat
A: protein
The organ that contributes the most to resting energy expenditure on a per kilogram basis (kcal/kg) is A: the heart B: the brain C: skeletal muscle
A: the heart
Which of the following statements is true? A: Abuse of dietary supplements leads to more emergency room visits each year than food borne illnesses B: Abuse of prescription drugs lead to more emergency room visits each year than abuse of dietary supplements C: Abuse of dietary supplements leads to more emergency room visits each year than abuse of prescription drugs
B: Abuse of prescription drugs lead to more emergency room visits each year than abuse of dietary supplements
BMI is a valuable tool practitioners can use to: A: determine weight status B: All of these are correct C: correlate with body composition D: identify potential health risks
B: All of these are correct
Which of the following is the most important to focus on when creating a nutrition plan for consumption during endurance activities? A: Proteins B: Carbohydrates C: Vitamins D: Fats
B: Carbohydrates
Due to reported serious illnesses, injuries, and a number of deaths associated with its use, in 2004 the FDA banned which of the following? A: Multivitamins B: Ephedra-containing supplements C: Caffeine-containing supplements D: Energy drinks
B: Ephedra-containing supplements
All athletes need to have at least one follow-up appointment after the initial consultation is completed. A: True B: False
B: False
An athlete putting professional nutrition recommendations into practice is in the maintenance stage of change. A: True B: False
B: False
An outcome-oriented goal is one in which small steps are taken to achieve the final nutrition or weight outcome. A: True B: False
B: False
An athlete who currently weighs 142 pounds with a body fat percentage of 24% has set the goal of getting leaner. She would like to decrease her body fat to 19%. How much weight would she need to lose if her lean mass stays constant? A: 5 pounds B: 9 pounds C: 3 pounds D: 7 pounds
B: 9 pounds
How much creatine should a 90kg athlete consume per day following a creatine loading protocol if they want to maintain the increased level of creatine? A: 27g/day B: 9g/day C: 5g/day
B: 9g/day
Because of the DSHEA, consumers can feel confident that bottles of identically packaged dietary supplements made by the same manufacturer do not vary greatly. A: True B: False
B: False
College varsity athletes have excellent knowledge of the major principles of sports nutrition. A: True B: False
B: False
HIPAA stands for the Health Information Privacy and Accountability Act. A: True B: False
B: False
Which of the following is the weight of all body components except for fat? A: Lean body mass B: Fat-free mass C: Nonessential body fat D: Bone mineral mass
B: Fat-free mass
Which of the following is true under the new weight certification program in NCAA wrestling? A: The athlete can go either up or down in a weight category B: The athlete can compete in a higher weight category C: The athlete must compete all season long in the weight classification determined in December D: The athlete can compete in a lower weight category
B: The athlete can compete in a higher weight category
Under what circumstance is the manufacturer of a dietary supplement required to have FDA approval A: When a manfacturer decides to bring a new product to market and the supplement has already been approved B: When the manfacturer chooses to make a claim regarding the supplement C: When the first adverse event related to the supplement is reported to the FDA
B: When the manfacturer chooses to make a claim regarding the supplement
A binge-drinking episode is defined as which of the following? More than 8 alcoholic drinks at a time for men and more than 5 for women More than 4 alcoholic drinks at a time for men and 2 for women More than 5 alcoholic drinks at a time for men and 4 for women More than 6 alcoholic drinks at a time for men and 3 for women
More than 5 alcoholic drinks at a time for men and 4 for women
Which of the following is a reason why college athletes may require more calories than they did during high school? They have a shorter off-season or no off-season in college They have higher daily physical activity demands They train harder and longer once in college All of these are correct
They train harder and longer once in college All of these are correct
If a strength/power athlete prefers to exercise on an empty stomach, a sports nutrition specialist should respect the athlete's preference but should also suggest testing both eating and not eating during practice sessions to determine the best recommendation for safety and performance. (T/F)
Treue
Athletes should consult a certified diabetes educator, physician, or endocrinologist to make adjustments in insulin, oral medications, and food intake, especially if training or competition intensity or duration changes. True False
True
Children can benefit from participating in athletics physically and in improving confidence and self-esteem. True False
True
Consumption of daily protein in excess of estimated needs could result in reduced intake of energy-producing carbohydrate and fat. (True/False)
True
Iron depletion in athletes is usually attributed to low dietary iron intake (T/F)
True
Male collegiate athletes have higher binge drinking rates than college nonathletes True False
True
Men are 5-10 times more likely than women to suffer from iron overload. True False
True
Strength is a component of power. (T/F)
True
The combination of at least 35 grams of carbohydrates and 15 grams of high-quality protein both before and after high-intensity training is beneficial for protein synthesis. (T/F)
True
The role of the aerobic system in team sports is to provide for energy recovery after short bursts of sport activity. (T/F)
True
Which energy system(s) supplies energy for short, intense bursts of activity during team sport participation? a. Phosphagen only b. Aerobic system c. Phosphagen and aerobic systems d. None of these is correct
a. Phosphagen only
Which of the following is an important consideration when thinking about precompetition meals for a team? a. The overall amount of food consumed prior to game time. b. Eat the meal about 1 hour prior to game time. c. Eat the meal at least 6 hours prior to game time. d. Eat only carbohydrates prior to game time.
a. The overall amount of food consumed prior to game time.
An athlete seeking to lose weight but maintain muscle mass should monitor their progress weekly and adjust intake of which of the following macronutrients primarily (assuming all 3 are within recommended ranges) according to the article? a. carbohydrates b. fats c. protein
a. carbohydrates
When working with athletes who are consuming calories well below their energy needs in order to lose weight or maintain a low weight, sports nutrition specialists should: a. consider the possibility that the athlete does not understand how the low energy intake can potentially negatively affect health and performance. b. assume that the athlete has an eating disorder. c. rapidly increase the athlete's calorie consumption to the upper end of the recommended range. d. revise the athlete's meal plan and then address the athlete's questions, concerns, and fears.
a. consider the possibility that the athlete does not understand how the low energy intake can potentially negatively affect health and performance.
With regards to protein intake, which seems to be the most important for generating adaptations to training according to the available evidence... a. ensuring that total daily protein intakes of 1.4-2.0g/kg/day are met b. ensuring that carbohydrates are included with every protein bolus c. ensuring that protein is consumed within 2 hours of the end of a training session
a. ensuring that total daily protein intakes of 1.4-2.0g/kg/day are met
Why do the authors recommend avoiding the consumption of fats before, during, or after a strength/power training session? a. fat causes a delay in the absorption of carbohydrates and protein b. fat is too energy dense c. fat is not an essential nutrient
a. fat causes a delay in the absorption of carbohydrates and protein
Ingesting a carbohydrate + protein solution approximately 30min prior to a resistance training session will increase a. muscle protein synthesis rates b. muscle damage c. force production
a. muscle protein synthesis rates
What does the evidence suggest regarding the effects of pre-session and within-session ingestion of carbohydrate on resistance training performance? a. no effect on performance, but maintenance of muscle glycogen levels b. large positive effect on performance and maintenance of muscle glycogen levels c. no effect on performance and no effect on muscle glycogen depletion
a. no effect on performance, but maintenance of muscle glycogen levels
If optimal carbohydrate is consumed before, during, and after an event, the effect of adding protein to the carbohydrate source will a. not improve exercise performance within that day's training session b. will not increase muscle protein synthesis rates c. will lead to glycogen supercompensation
a. not improve exercise performance within that day's training session
Tony is planning on running a half marathon in 2 hours and 30 minutes. In a recent long run, he lost 4 pounds in 2 hours and consumed 16 oz of water during the workout. For his upcoming race, knowing that there will be eight aid stations on the course, how many ounces of fluid should he consume at each aid station? a: 12.5 ounces b: 7.5 ounces c: 10 ounces d: 15 ounces
a: 12.5 ounces
Unmanaged diabetes can cause: an increased risk for peripheral nerve damage decreased risk for kidney disease hypoglycemia. a decreased risk for heart disease
an increased risk for peripheral nerve damage
Strength/power athletes are cautioned not to let their Energy Availability drop below which of the following during a period of lower training loads? a. 45kcal/kg/day b. 30kcal/kg/day c. 27kcal/kg/day
b. 30kcal/kg/day
Calculate the energy availability of a 100kg weightlifter with 15% body fat who consumed 4000kcals and expended 500kcal today Group of answer choices a. 35kcal/kg/day b. 41kcal/kg/day c. 30kcal/kg/day
b. 41kcal/kg/day
Which of the following athletes is most likely to need a multivitamin/mineral supplement? a. An athlete who is in positive energy balance b. An athlete who is overly concerned about his or her weight c. An athlete who is regularly meeting energy needs d. None of these is correct
b. An athlete who is overly concerned about his or her weight
Which of the following is a side effect of severe and intentional dehydration, such as that practiced by wrestlers in order to compete in a lower weight category? a. All of these are correct b. Loss of electrolytes, thus increasing the risk for cardiac arrhythmias c.Reduced strain on the kidneys d. Improved thermoregulation
b. Loss of electrolytes, thus increasing the risk for cardiac arrhythmias
Which energy system(s) do team sport athletes rely on most? a. Aerobic system b. Phosphagen and aerobic systems c. None of these is correct d. Phosphagen system
b. Phosphagen and aerobic systems
Which of the following explains why exogenous amino acids are required following high-intensity activities and strength training a. To build more muscle tissue b. To meet the basic metabolic needs of muscle tissue c. To repair muscle damage from high intensity exercise d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
Which of the following is true of amino acids? a.They are the building blocks for muscle repair and rebuilding b. They can be synthesized in the body c.They can be obtained from the digestion and break down of dietary protein d. All of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
Which of the following is true when planning calorie consumption for a strength/power athlete on competition day? a. It is necessary to consume calories during the event, when only one event is taking place. b. It is not practical to consume calories during the event when only one event is taking place. c. When multiple events take place on the same day, the athlete should plan on consuming easy-to-digest snacks, beverages, and possibly small meals in between events to keep energy levels elevated. d. both B and C
d. both B and C
Which of the following interventions has been shown to decrease DOMS and other indices of skeletal muscle damage following resistance training? multi-strain probiotics single-strain probiotics probiotic supplements paired with protein
probiotic supplements paired with protein
Comparing dietary analysis data to the DRI standards is used most frequently in dietary assessments. A: True B: False
A: True
Dietary supplements are not intended to be used as a food or as a sole item of a meal or diet. A: True B: False
A: True
Individuals with type 1 diabetes should consume how many carbohydrates every 30-60 minutes during exercise? 15-30 grams 60-75 grams 10-20 grams 40-55 grams
15-30 grams
On average, how many additional grams of protein do pregnant athletes need? 20-25 grams None 30-40 grams 5-10 grams
20-25 grams
How many additional calories, on average, do pregnant athletes need to consume during pregnancy? 800 calories/day 600 calories/day 500 calories/day 300 calories/day
300 calories/day
A "low fat" (LF) diet is considered A: 20-35% of total calories from fat B: >35% of total calories from fat C: <20% of total calories from fat
A: 20-35% of total calories from fat
How many days should athletes be asked to complete food records? A: 3 B: 2 C: 1 D: 7
A: 3
A pound of body fat provides about how many kcal? A: 3,500 B: 4,500 C: 2,500 D: 1,500
A: 3,500
Which body composition model is considered the "gold standard" A: 4 compartment model B: 3 compartment model C: 2 compartment model
A: 4 compartment model
A ketogenic diet (KD) is defined as a carbohydrate intake of _______ or less per day A: 50g B: 200g C: 300g
A: 50g
What is the purpose of licensure for nutrition professionals? A: All of these are correct B: To help the public find knowledgeable nutrition professionals C: To ensure that these professionals maintain and update their knowledge regularly D: To protect the public against fraudulent nutrition practices
A: All of these are correct
What type of anthropometric data should be assessed during a nutrition consultation? A: Body composition B: Bone density C: Energy expenditure D: Hemoglobin values
A: Body composition
Which of the following is not commonly used by athletes to reduce fat mass? A: Creatine B: Ephedrine C: Caffeine D: L-carnitine
A: Creatine
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of muscle cramps? A: Low fluid intake B: Low sodium intake C: Low potassium intake D: Low magnesium intake
A: Low fluid intake
What classification of professional can legally provide nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapy to athletes? A: Registered and/or licensed dietitians/nutritionists B: Strength and conditioning coaches C: Athletic trainers D: Head coaches
A: Registered and/or licensed dietitians/nutritionists
Athletes need to be aware of the possibility that supplements may contain a banned substance. A: True B: False
A: True
Dairy products contain which essential nutrient of potential interest to strength/power athletes? Carbohydrates Protein Calcium All of these are correct
All of these are correct
How should an athlete who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes monitor glucose levels before, during, and after exercise? All of these are correct By testing for urine ketones By testing for urine glucose By testing for blood glucose
All of these are correct
"True" or "vegan" vegetarians avoid consuming which of the following foods? Eggs All of these are correct. Fish Whey protein
All of these are correct.
Why should athletes avoid alcohol? Can be illegal Can increase body fat Poor carbohydrate source All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
The ISSN recommends that athletes considering adding a nutrition supplement to their diet meet which of the following criteria? A: athlete demonstrates talent in their sport, regardless of their current nutrition practices B: athlete is already eating an energy balanced, nutrient dense diet and are training inteligently C: athlete is at least 16 years of age
B: athlete is already eating an energy balanced, nutrient dense diet and are training inteligently
Dietary supplement manufacturers are required, by law, to meet which of the following A: GRAS-criteria B: cGMPs C: non-NDI certification
B: cGMPs
This position statement is primarily concerned with the timing of A: all macronutrients B: carbohydrates and proteins C: carbohydrates only
B: carbohydrates and proteins
How do dietary supplement manufacturers currently by-pass the FDA's 2016 Draft Guidance on NDI's? A: They bribe the FDA B: they use the "Self-Affirmed GRAS" label C: They only use products grandfathered into DSHEA
B: they use the "Self-Affirmed GRAS" label
Prediabetes is characterized by which of the following? Glucose level is in the normal range Blood glucose level is 100-125 mg/dL Blood glucose level is at 100 mg/dL or below None of these is correct
Blood glucose level is 100-125 mg/dL
Which of the following characterizes ketoacidosis? Protein starts to break down in early stages of diabetes Ketone bodies start to form Buildup of ketone bodies causes acidification of the blood All of these are correct
Buildup of ketone bodies causes acidification of the blood
Strength/power athletes are cautioned not to let their Energy Availability drop below which of the following during a period of lower training loads? A: 45kcal/kg/day B: 27kcal/kg/day C: 30kcal/kg/day
C: 30kcal/kg/day
Calculate the energy availability of a 100kg weightlifter with 15% body fat who consumed 4000kcals and expended 500kcal today A: 35kcal/kg/day B: 30kcal/kg/day C: 41kcal/kg/day
C: 41kcal/kg/day
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assesses which of the following? A: Lean body mass B: Bone mineral density C: All of these are correct D: Body fat percentage
C: All of these are correct
The content or potency of a dietary supplement can be influenced by which of the following? A: The part of the plant used B: Storage practices C: All of these are correct D: Plant-growing and harvesting practices
C: All of these are correct
Which of the following is a reason why athletes consume supplements? A: To improve their health B: To improve strength and power C: All of these are correct D: To increase muscle gains
C: All of these are correct
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between energy intake as measured through a food record and total energy expenditure as measured via the doubly labeled water technique? A: Energy Intake via Food Record aligns almost perfectly with total energy expenditure as measured via doubly labeled water B: An athlete does not need to worry about matching energy intake with total energy expentiture C: Energy Intake is under-reported by ~19% based on the comparison with total energy expenditure
C: Energy Intake is under-reported by ~19% based on the comparison with total energy expenditure
What is it called when athletes ingest dietary supplements that, unbeknownst to them, can result in a positive test for banned substances? A: False advertising B: Involuntary doping C: Inadvertent doping D: Felonious doping
C: Inadvertent doping
Which of the following is not covered by HIPAA? A: It addresses the privacy and security of health data B: It helps protect insurance coverage for workers and their dependents C: It helps pay for private insurance for people under the poverty level D: It improves efficiency of health care by encouraging electronic data interchange within health care organizations
C: It helps pay for private insurance for people under the poverty level
Which of the following is the authors' "take away" from the study? A: athletes do not need nutrition counseling B: technological advancements in recording food intake are not worthwhile to continue studying C: Typical food record strategies are not suitable for the athletic population
C: Typical food record strategies are not suitable for the athletic population
Which of the following is not cited in this paper as a potential challenge in finding significant results in the studies included in this review? A: the willingess of elite athletes to be subjects in nutrition studies B:lack of statistical power due to low number of subjects C: all of these issues are cited in the paper D: cost of deuterium isotope for DLW studies
C: all of these issues are cited in the paper
Which of the following is NOT an added challenge of an athlete completing a food record? A: recording large food intakes B: contribution of sports foods and supplements C: lack of technology to aid in the process D: frequency eating occasions
C: lack of technology to aid in the process
If the athlete's glucose level prior to exercise is less than 100 mg/dL, the athlete should do which of the following? Avoid exercise for 3-5 hours Consume 15-40 grams of carbohydrate before exercising Test the urine for ketones Never exercise if glucose is below 100 mg/dL
Consume 15-40 grams of carbohydrate before exercising
A lacto-vegetarian can consume vitamin B12 by including which of the following in the diet? Eggs Fish Green leafy vegetables Cottage cheese
Cottage cheese
If a 3-day food log is not available prior to the initial consultation with an athlete, a registered dietitian can easily conduct which of the following during the first session? A: 7-day food log B: Food frequency questionnaire C: Blood test D: 24-hour recall
D: 24-hour recall
If a patient's BMI is 29 and she does not want to lose weight, what is the next step in assessing and treating her? A: Encourage her to change her mind B: Do not worry, because a 29 BMI is okay C: Assess her physical ability to function D: Assess her risk factors
D: Assess her risk factors
Why is it important to use software that allows you to add items when analyzing food-intake data? A: All of these are correct B: The databases do not use credible dietary information for all foods C: Food portions in the software do not correspond to portions typically eaten by athletes D: Sports drinks and other sport food products are often not in nutrient databases
D: Sports drinks and other sport food products are often not in nutrient databases
The female athlete triad includes: a: disordered eating, eumenorrhea, and osteoporosis B: disordered eating, oligomenorrhea, and hyponatremia C: disordered eating, eumenorrhea, and osteopenia D: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
D: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
As with most athletes, the main dietary concern with strength/power athletes is the consumption of adequate amounts of: A: proteins B: carbohydrates C: fats D: total daily calories
D: total daily calories
Which component of total dietary carbohydrate intake has the greatest positive impact on gut microbiota? oligosaccharides dietary fiber monosaccharides
Dietary Fiber
Bioavailability of nonheme iron, which is found primarily in plant foods, can be enhanced by eating nonheme foods with which of the following? Olive oil Either a meat product or a vitamin C source All of these are correct Chocolate
Either a meat product or a vitamin C source
A "pesco-vegetarian" avoids both fish and poultry. True False
False
Boys tend to have peak growth rates at age 12, and girls tend to have peak growth rates at age 14. True False
False
Increasing intramuscular triglycerides through dietary manipulation has been shown to improve performance in team sport athletes. (True/false)
False
It is imperative that team sport athletes consume food during competition (T/F)
False
Strength/power athletes taking a multivitamin/mineral supplement need to choose one containing more than 100-200% of the Daily Value for each nutrient. (T/F)
False
Vitamin B12, when consumed prior to conception and throughout pregnancy, is the most important B vitamin in reducing neural-tube defects in the fetus. True False
False
When should folate consumption be increased to prevent birth defects? When conception is confirmed For several months prior to planned conception When the woman thinks she might be pregnant After the first trimester of pregnancy
For several months prior to planned conception
Professionals can use the CDC growth charts and body mass index charts to perform which of the following? Determine if children will be of similar height and weight as their parents Determine the potential for chronic illness later in life None of these is correct Help to identify growth patterns as a child ages by comparing to a peer group "norm"
Help to identify growth patterns as a child ages by comparing to a peer group "norm"
What is a "probiotic" A: inorganic compounds that provide food for gut bacteria B: live microorganism that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts C: any food from the "dairy" category
Live microorganism that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts
Masters athletes who are at risk for artery disease (i.e., atherosclerosis) should make which of the following dietary modifications? Increase sodium, potassium, and calcium Lower total fat and saturated fat Increase protein, iron, and magnesium Lower polyunsaturated fats, vitamin A, and complex carbohydrates
Lower total fat and saturated fat
Which of the following is true about daily nutrition needs for diabetics? They should follow basic MyPlate food recommendations They should increase protein intake to 20-30% of total calories They should vary their meal/snack time daily They should consume significantly less carbohydrate than others
They should follow basic MyPlate food recommendations
The article you read this week described 8 techniques that can be used to assess body composition. Match the assessment in the left column with its description in the right column. Skinfold thickness A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass C: assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves D: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat E: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass F: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass Bioelectrical impedence Underwater weighing A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves C: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat D: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass E: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass Bioelectrical impedence A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves C: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat D: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass E: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass Bod Pod (Air displacement plethsmyography) A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves C: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat D: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass E: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass Bioelectrical impedence Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves C: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat D: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass E: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass ultrasound A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves C: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat D: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass E: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass
Skinfold thickness: D: use of handheld calipers to estimate amount of sub-cutaneous fat Underwater weighing: measures density of body in water to estimate fat free mass Biological impedance: B: measures speed of electrical current through body to estimate fat-free mass Bod Pod: F: measures density of body in air to estimate fat free mass DEXA: A: imaging technique that leads to a small amount of radiation exposure; the gold standard for measuring bone density Ultrasound: C: assessment of thickness of sub-cutaneous fat using high frequency sound waves
If the athlete's glucose level prior to exercise is greater than 250 mg/dL, the athlete should do which of the following? Exercise, because exercise decreases blood glucose levels Never exercise if glucose is greater than 250 mg/dL Test the urine for glucose Test the urine ketones prior to initiating exercise
Test the urine ketones prior to initiating exercise
How many grams of carbohydrate should be consumed 1-4 hours prior to a game or hard practice? a. 2 grams per kilogram body weight b. 5 grams per kilogram body weight c. 7 grams per kilogram body weight d. 0.5 grams per kilogram body weight
a. 2 grams per kilogram body weight
Strength/power athletes who are trying to lose weight should aim for what level of fat intake? Group of answer choices a. 20-25% of total calories b. The same as that recommended for general health c. Less than 10% of total calories d. 30-35% of total calories
a. 20-25% of total calories
Athletes attempting to increase lean body mass without risking excessive increases in fat mass are advised to limit daily calorie surpluses to which of the following? a. 300-500kcal per day b. 500-700kcal per day c. 100-300kcal per day
a. 300-500kcal per day
For which amino acid(s) is there adequate evidence to make firm conclusions and subsequent supplement recommendations to strength/power athletes? a. None of these is correct b. Arginine and lysine c. Leucine d. Glutamine
a. None of these is correct
As little as how many grams of essential amino acids postexercise can result in dramatic elevations in protein synthesis? a. 4 grams b. 8 grams c. 10 grams d. 6 grams
c. 10 grams
Which of the following describes the "water loading" method of acute weight loss? a. 15mL per kg body mass for 4 days b. 15mL per kg body mass for 3 days followed by 1 day of 100mL per kg body mass c. 100mL per kg body mass for 3 days followed by 15mL per kg body mass for 1 day
c. 100mL per kg body mass for 3 days followed by 15mL per kg body mass for 1 day
Carbohydrates should contribute approximately what percentage of total calorie intake in order to replenish a strength/power athlete's glycogen stores? a. 15% b. 75-85% c. 55-65% d. 30%
c. 55-65%
Which of the following explains why strength/power athletes who are trying to gain muscle mass need to consume extra calories? a. To support the nutrients needed for tissue growth and development b. To support the energy demands of daily training c. All of these are correct d. To support basic energy needs
c. All of these are correct
Which of the following is a benefit of consuming adequate amounts of fluid before, during, and after strength/power training sessions and competitions? a. It prevents declines in performance during long, intense workouts b. It enables the athlete to recover well after each session c. All of these are correct d. It makes the athlete feel more energetic
c. All of these are correct
Strength/power athletes should focus their ingestion of fats on which of the following? a. Immediately following exercise or competition b. Before exercise or competition c. During meals and snacks spread throughout the day d. During exercise or competition
c. During meals and snacks spread throughout the day
Power depends on which of the following? a. Cardiovascular endurance b. Velocity of movement c. Strength and velocity of movement d. Strength
c. Strength and velocity of movement
What is the purpose of ingesting a high-carbohydrate meal prior to a practice or an event? a. To produce a high spike in the blood glucose level b. To calm the nervous athlete's stomach c. To "top off" glycogen stores d. None of these is correct
c. To "top off" glycogen stores
The author cites evidence that reducing the risk of developing symptoms of hypoglycemia stemming from pre-event ingestion of carbohydrates, athletes can use which of the following strategies a. move the carbohydrate ingestion from 60min pre-event to 15min pre-event b. conduct a thorough warm up before the event c. both of these
c. both of these
The evidence suggests that which of the following would be the best to consume 30min before going to sleep if an athlete wanted to maintain muscle protein synthesis and lipolysis rates. a. whey protein b. high glycemic index carbohydrate c. casein protein
c. casein protein
In the case of a strength/power athlete such as a javelin thrower or shot-putter, what is stored in the muscle that enables these athletes to meet the immediate energy demands to complete a throw? a. Triglycerides b. Fatty acids c. All of these are correct d. ATP and CP
d. ATP and CP
What level of protein should a basketball player in the off-season trying to gain muscle mass consume? a. 1.5-2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight b. 0.5-1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight c. 1-1.5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight d. Greater than 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
d. Greater than 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
Which of the following may increase protein needs in team sport athletes? a. Having more muscle mass than other athletes b. All of these are correct c. When protein is used as an energy source d. Recovery from contact injuries such as bruises, cuts, and musculoskeletal damage
d. Recovery from contact injuries such as bruises, cuts, and musculoskeletal damage
What happens to excess protein in the body? a. they are used for fuel b. they are converted and stored as fat c. it results in greater urea production, potentially leading to dehydration d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
The theory that promotes consuming small amounts of both carbohydrates and protein before strength/power activities states that when the concentration of nutrients and blood flow are both increased: a. the rate of nutrient uptake and utilization is maximized b. protein synthesis is maximized. c. insulin levels fall d. the rate of nutrient uptake and utilization is maximized, and protein synthesis is maximized.
d. the rate of nutrient uptake and utilization is maximized, and protein synthesis is maximized.
Which of the following is a possible result when strength/power athletes who are trying to gain muscle mass consume extra calories without also increasing training? a. Muscle mass could be used as an energy source, resulting in weight loss b. All of these are correct c. The extra calories could contribute to larger muscle mass d.The extra calories could contribute to larger fat stores
d.The extra calories could contribute to larger fat stores
A multivitamin/mineral supplement in the morning provides similar nutrients as a bowl of fortified cereal with milk (T/F)
false
Multivitamin and mineral supplements targeted to the "senior" or "silver" population contain higher amounts of iron than multivitamin and mineral supplements made for adults under age 50. True False
false
Sports drinks should be avoided during indoor team sports, because the heat and humidity are lower, thus reducing sweat rates. True False
false
Strength/power athletes burn very high levels of fat during the performance of their sport. True False
false
Total calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium needs: None of these is correct decrease in masters athletes increase in masters athletes stay the same as younger athletes
increase in masters athletes
Which of the following is a key difference between the microbiota found in an athlete and that from a non-athlete? fewer metabolic pathways used by microbiota in athlete microbiome lower abundance of health promoting bacterial species in athlete microbiome increased microbiome diversity in athlete microbiome
increased microbiome diversity in athlete microbiome
Which of the following descriptors of a probiotic is necessary when analyzing the health benefits of the product? strain genus species
strain
Children past the age of 2 years usually maintain their height and weight growth between the same percentiles during preschool and early childhood True False
true
Iron depletion in athletes is usually attributed to low dietary iron intake True False
true
Recent research suggests that the consumption of carbohydrates and amino acids approximately 2-4 hours prior to intense strength/power exercise prevents muscle breakdown, potentially leading to a maintenance or enhancement of muscle mass. True False
true
The combination of at least 35 grams of carbohydrates and 15 grams of high-quality protein both before and after high-intensity training is beneficial for protein synthesis. (T/F)
true
The diagnostic criteria for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the same True False
true