Sports + Society (Midterm)
How many HBCU are there in our country? Are there any in Michigan? Ohio?
107 in the country, 1 in Michigan, 2 in Ohio
First year of the Heisman Trophy?
1935
Reconstruction
1st Era
Jim Crow Laws
2nd Era
Civil Rights Movement
3rd Era
Battle of the sexes
A tennis match in 1973 between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs (King's much-heralded victory over Riggs represented a key triumph over sexism and provided a significant historical lesson on exceeding sexist expectations and assumptions.)
How does society classify people in the world? Is this a good way?
Based on social demographics and their stereotypes, not good
How can the use of Native Americans as a mascot be considered negative?
Because some mascots can be stereotypical/racist
The Bike
Began to change gender roles for women because they couldn't ride it "properly" (There was a slant in the bike)
Fandome
Being a part of a group makes people feel welcomed; happy (In religion, school, etc. as well as sports)
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group (USA is better than most other countries at most sports)
3 reasons why we are fans
Belonging, beauty, uncertainty
What are the 3 keys to determine what sport you will play?
Biology, demographics, interest
Althea Gibson
Black female tennis player and professional golfer (One of the first Black athletes to cross the color line of international tennis. First African American to win a Grand Slam title)
4 categories of sports violence
Brutal Physical Contact Borderline Violence Quasi-Criminal Violence Criminal Violence
What was the Yost Arena built for? What is it used for now? Controversy?
Built for basketball, now used for hockey (Controversial, because Yost was racist)
List the 4 conferences that HBCU play in
CIAA, MEAC, SIAC, SWAC
Racial Bargain
Certain groups could participate if their didn't speak out about social problems
What is the Black College National Championship
Championship for the best HBCU teams
Alea
Chance, randomness, luck
Chief Osceola
Chief mascot that comes onto the field, riding a horse, during Seminole games
San Pedro de Macoris
City in Dominican Republic that sends many baseball players to the MLB (City is often referred to as the "Cradle of Shortstops")
Ms. Olympia/Ms. Physique
Competitions for Women , changed a lot over time (Women were originally not supposed to look super strong because it "wasn't feminine")
Characteristics of Modern Sports
Competitive, organized, physical (I think......)
Agon
Contest
Most popular sports in the world?
Cricket, Soccer, Field Hockey
How have sports changed from 1 culture to another?
Depending on the society, sports can change (Soccer, for example, is a much more creative and technical game in urban areas than rural areas)
Commercialization
Displaying sports, athletes, and athletic brands all across the world
What type of behavior was acceptable for women in early sports
Dressing modestly and acting modestly regardless of the sport you played
Eddie Hall
English strongman (Won the 2017 World's Strongest Man competition)
ESPN
Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (Revolutionized how we watch sports)
What teams did Ernie Davis play for? What was his accomplishment? Impact of Jim Brown?
Ernie played for Syracuse before being drafted to the Redskins and traded to the Browns - he was the first black Heisman winner (Jim Brown heavily inspired him to be who he was)
How has the immigration movement in Europe changed the countries there?
Europe has become much stronger sportswise, though most of their athletes go to the States to compete in most leagues/competitions
Basketball Impact
First organized sport for Women (They were separated, had to stay in certain spots)
What happened to Kathrine Switzer
First woman to OFFICIALLY run a Boston Marathon, even though the race director tried to physically pull her out
Roberta Gibb
First woman to run a full Boston Marathon (However, it was unofficial because it was not allowed)
Gertrude Ederle
First woman to swim across the English Channel (Covered herself in lard)
Home Fitness / Richard Simmons
Fitness personality, made VHS tapes and wore many colors while enthusiastically working out
ESPN Body Issue
Focused more on the beauty of women's athletics instead of their skill
Redskins
Former mascot for the Washington Commanders (Racist imagery, invited controversy, etc.)
Chief Wahoo
Former mascot of Cleveland Indians (Racist imagery, invited controversy, exploited Indians)
Jack Lalanne
Godfather of fitness (Created VHS tapes to do fitness on TV)
Bayou Classic
HBCU rivalry game between the Grambling State University Tigers and the Southern University Jaguars
Which school is the oldest college
Harvard (1636)
Explain "Bloody Monday" - who took part? Where did it take place?
Harvard sophomores beat up Harvard freshman (It takes place at the "delta")
Rivalries
Harvard v. Yale UM v. OSU (Do I need to write anything for this..)
Social Class vs Working out
Higher social class = better gyms, expensive workout clothes Lower social class = Planet Fitness, regular clothes
HBCU
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Social Demographics
How we characterize people (Age, gender, population, family size etc.)
Walking billboards
In today's society, people don't wear clothes, they wear brands.
Latinization of Baseball
Increase of players from south and central America into baseball
Explain the significance of Jeremy Lin when it come to stereotyping and how he has helped change this.
Jeremy Lin proved, not only, that asians could be good basketball players - he also proved that asians were worthy of being called masculine and strong (He broke barriers/stereotypes this way)
Muscular Judaism
Main reasoning for more Jews to start boxing (Need to design the "new Jew" and reject the "old Jew", with the mental and physical strength)
Imperialist Nostalgia
Makes racial domination look innocent (Blacks > Whites, or Whites > Blacks in sports, for example - making such domination look innocent and inevitable is Imperialist Nostalgia)
Bruce Lee
Martial artist, broke barriers for Asians (Helped stop the "Asian Masculinity" stigma)
How were gym classes set up in education when PE was established
Men and Women were separated (After the American Civil War, schools enacted laws necessitating physical education programs in public schools to prepare future generations for war. Nonetheless, schools eventually used these classes to take health seriously and offered more attention to physical health and development)
Fielding Yost
Michigan coach, ice rink named after him, won 6 national championships (Completely changed Michigan in the athletic realm)
Explain how "Hail to the Victors" came about
Michigan student Louis Elbel wrote the song in 1898 after the football team's victory over the University of Chicago (The game clinched an undefeated season)
Watching sports vs playing sports
More people watch sports today than play sports
Name all levels of college sports that you compete at
NCAA (All 3 Divisions) JUCO NAIA
Title IX (9)
No discrimination on basis of sex
Knute Rockne role and impact on Notre Dame and against U of M
Notre Dame coach, winningest college coach (Created the forward pass?)
Notre Dame was the school that was known for what? Who taught them to play the game of Football?
Notre Dame was known for being catholic, Michigan taught them to play football
Asian Masculinity
People didn't think they were masculine, thought they were all about looks and fashion etc. (Jeremy Lin changed this)
Ilinx
Play activities based on the pursuit of vertigo or dizziness (Gymnastics)
Nickname of Yost's early teams at U of M?
Point-A-Minute
Mimicry
Pretend, to make up (Point system in most popular ball sports, for example)
Zinedine Zidane (Headbutt)
Professional Soccer Player and coach (Zidane headbutted Materazzi for an off-color remark about the French star's sister)
McDonaldization
Putting gyms everywhere
Why were sports eventually pushed for girls to play
Rate of teen pregnancy decreased when sports playing increased (Also title IX and the basic importances of sports)
Explain and understand the 3 periods of American History in race and sports
Reconstruction Jim Crow Laws Civil Rights Movement
First big sport in college? Who was it between? Official name?
Rowing between Harvard and Yale. It's official name is crew.
What 5 things are needed for something to be called a sport in modern times?
Secularism - Has to be different ? Specialization - Has to be unique ? Rationalization - Has to have strategy Bureaucracy - Has to have rules Preoccupation with records - Has to have records
Rocky Balboa Picture
Shows how athletic fashion didn't used to be a thing (Today, people only wear brands)
Se Ri Pak
South Korean Female Professional Golfer (Broke barriers for women in golf and sports in general)
Samoan Football
Specific culture of football played on Samoan Islands (Emphasizes grit and strong mentality. A hard life makes for good football players)
Explain the difference between college sports in America vs playing sports in Europe
Sports in Europe are typically club sports, not NEARLY as competitive as college sports in the US
What sports were offered to women early on
Tennis, croquet, bowling, and archery
Oldest college bowl game?
The Rose Bowl
What is the first thing you recognize on a college campus?
The athletic facilities/stadiums (Football stadiums especially)
How did integration hurt HBCU?
The best athletes left HBCUs to go to better public universities
Empire Strikes Back
The countries that Europe colonized are coming back and beating Europe at their own games (Example: Manute Bol, from South Sudan, is better than many European players. Zidane headbutt encompassed this idea)
Babe Dickerson
The most significant female athlete of the first half of the 20th century (Golf, basketball, baseball, track and field)
Explain why Samoans are so good at football
Their lives are hard and they train hard (If they don't train hard enough and make it to the NFL, they will live a life of regret and mediocrity in the Samoan Islands)
Harvard v Yale rivalry created many traditions - name them 100th anniversary?
They are big rivals...? (100th anniversary of "The Game")
Impact of Ivy League on college athlwtics
They set the guidelines/norms for college athletics because they were the first colleges to exist and have athletics
Explain how the Hopi natives/McFarland migrants are so successful at running. Factors?
They're strong runners because of the hard lives that they live, they become mentally strong because of this (The Hopi tribe specifically have genetically different bodies that assist them to run)
Why did people start attending college
To be a priest (It was about prestige, status, and civic leadership/power)
What was the purpose of HBCUs being created?
To give blacks the same opportunities as whites
Mao Zedong
Under Zedong's rule, sports became a political movement in China about power (This is why they chose ping pong as their national sport, they wanted to dominate over other countries)
Unicentric vs Multicentric Sports
Unicentric - Cricket (Only in India) Multicentric - Soccer (Across Nations)
Soccer Hooligans
Unruly, violent, and destructive behavior by overzealous supporters of association football clubs, including brawling, vandalism and intimidation
Leisure Time
We watch sports and play sports with leisure time (Gym too, depends on social class)
How women had to dress in early sports
Within their stereotypical gender norms (Lara Croft Femininity)
What stereotypes exist for specific groups of people when it comes to sports?
Women = Unathletic Jews = Weak Asians = Not masculine enough African American = Athletic
The Apology
Women had to apologize for being so masculine and had to retain their feminine looks
Lara Croft Femininity
Women were allowed to be athletic and fit, but they had to remain within their gender roles/norms and "dress like women"
Is there any connection to biology and race when it comes to sports?
Yes (Certain groups, like Samoan Football Players and Hopi XC Runners have been gradually genetically build for the sports that they play because of their biology/race)
Women and Exercise
Yoga became popular in the 1950s, before then they didn't exercise much
Explain Empire Strikes Back. Be able to use the headbutt incident.
Zidane headbutt incident: (Zidane's parents from Algeria, opponent talked bad about his family, Zidane headbutted him because opponent was talking bad about family and against their culture.)
