ST for the ST Chapter 4: Special Populations

In the normal child, the testes will descend by the age of ___.

1 year

During abdominal procedures on patients who are obese, what procedure might additionally be performed due to newly identified pathology?

cholecystectomy

Who should stand nearby to assist the anesthesia provider during induction of a pediatric patient?

circulating surgical technologist

During birth, the most common bone fracture is of the ___.

clavicle

If the patient is a victim of a crime, all physical evidence must be carefully handled, and the policies and procedure of the surgery department and law enforcement agency must be followed. All of the following are general recommendations EXCEPT that the ___.

clothes should be removed by cutting up the center

Immediate operative intervention is performed on the pregnant patient for the following emergency procedures EXCEPT ___.

competent cervical os

Hypovolemic shock in neonates results in ___.

decreased venous return

What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in infants?

dehydration

The first priority in a pediatric patient is to ___.

ensure patent airway

The life-stage approach combines all of the following EXCEPT ___.

environmental concerns

___ is one of the most common postoperative complications of patients with diabetes.

Infection

What situation would present difficulties in the intubation of a patient with AIDS?

Kaposi's sarcoma lesions

The wearing of protective attire is mandated by the ___ bloodborne pathogens rule.

OSHA

In a patient who is post-gastric-bypass, respiratory failure often indicates ___.

peritonitis

Special populations have unique ___ needs.

physical and psychological

If a pediatric patient has a pneumothorax, there is an accumulation of air in the ___.

pleural cavity

In comparison with adults, pediatric patients have little subcutaneous fat and therefore ___.

poor thermal insulation

Placing the patient who is obese in the ___ position expands total lung volume and aids in ventilation.

reverse Trendelenburg

Which of the following veins is least used for central venous catheter placement in the pediatric patient?

saphenous

In the pregnant patient, what trimester is the ideal time to perform abdominal surgery?

second

Bleeding in a pediatric trauma patient must be controlled to prevent ___.

severe hypovolemia

For pediatric patients, ___ temperature is the primary means of monitoring temperature.

skin

The ___ is the number one organ injured in a motor vehicle accident.

spleen

Which postoperative complication is not common for gastric bypass or gastroplasty surgery?

suture rejection

When placing the pregnant surgical patient in the supine position, the circulating surgical technologist should place a small rolled pad or sheet under the right hip. This will help ___.

take weight off of the vena cava

Which antibiotic should not be administered to children, because it causes staining and hypoplasia of the enamel of developing teeth?

tetracycline

It is imperative that caregivers should deal with pediatric patients ___.

truthfully

The critical parameters for monitoring pediatric patients include all of the following EXCEPT ___.

turgor

Sulfonamides are associated with an increased incidence of ___.

kernicterus

IV placement in the patient with AIDS may be difficult due to ___.

lack of a suitable vein

Anesthesia affects the normal ___ and physiological process of insulin.

metabolic

A major concern in the operating room for pediatric patients is insensible water loss. Why does this loss occur?

overhead radiant heaters

All of the following are clinical syndromes that require surgical intervention in the patient with AIDS EXCEPT ___.

pancreatitis

When a patient's body weight exceeds ___ pounds greater than ideal body weight, the patient is considered to be obese.

100

Tears are not produced until the age of ___ month(s).

2 to 3

Which disease is NOT an autoimmune disease?

AIDS

A patient is considered a pediatric patient if he or she is between the ages of ___.

birth and 12

The term neonate applies to the pediatric patient who is between the ages of ___.

birth and 28 days

___ can stimulate preterm labor in the pregnant surgical patient.

Vasopressors

What is the number one cause of death in children ages 1 to 15?

accidents

Postoperative recovery time for the patient who is obese is increased because ___.

adipose tissue retains anesthetic agents longer

When a patient is to be transported from an isolation room to the surgery department, all of the following are recommended EXCEPT that ___.

all surgery personnel including the CDC are notified that an isolation patient will be arriving

What is the standard for intraoperative monitoring of oxygenation levels for all age groups of surgical patients?

arterial blood gases

What is the initial sign of a postoperative infection?

fever

The term golden hour refers to ___.

giving care to a trauma victim within an hour

Septic shock is caused by ___.

gram-negative bacteria

Which task should the circulating surgical technologist perform to assist the anesthesia provider during induction of a pediatric patient?

help control the child's movements

Why are neonates and infants not usually catheterized?

high risk of trauma to the urethra

Emergency procedures on geriatric patients are associated with ___.

higher mortality

One of the best approaches to understanding individuals is to study ___.

human development

Patients who are obese are at high risk for coronary artery disease because of ___.

hypertension

A child less than 6 months of age cannot shiver; therefore, the child is at risk for ___.

hypothermia

What are the two common types of shock seen in all age groups?

hypovolemic, septic

Typical physiological changes in the elderly patient include ___.

increased tolerance to pain

A Level III trauma center typically ___.

is a community or rural hospital

Three factors are important when considering the resulting injury that a patient will sustain from a trauma. These include ___.

velocity, flexibility of tissue, and shape of the injuring force

Patients who are obese are subject to increased postoperative ___.

wound infections

What is the MOST effective way to keep an infant's body temperature at an acceptable level?

wrap and cover extremities