State Exam Review (Brubaker)
Vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED)
A motor vehicle used as a bomb. Can be very powerful and dangerous. They are capable of carrying extremely large amounts of explosives. It is very difficult to bring 7,000 pounds of explosives into a building, but a small rental truck carrying that amount could detonate in front of a building, causing mass destruction to the structure and to people.
Actual physical control
A person may be in _____________ of a vehicle even though he or she is not actually driving. A person who is physically in, on, or around the vehicle and has the capability to operate the vehicle is legally in ________________ of the vehicle and can be arrested and prosecuted for DUI.
Is required to submit to a blood test according to s. 316.1933, F.S.
A person suspected of DUI who kills or seriously injures any person, including the driver,
Informed consent
A person's agreement to allow something to happen made with full knowledge of the risks involved and the alternatives
Pat down
A physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons
Vascular neck restraint
A physical restraint compressing certain veins and arteries in the neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness for a brief period of time
Dr. Edmond Locard (1877-1966)
A pioneer in forensic science, formulated the fundamental principle of forensic science: "Every contact leaves a trace."
Injunction
A practical remedy, in the form of a court order, which requires a person to do or refrain from doing specific acts
The rapid onset of symptoms
A primary indicator of chemical exposure is
Intent
A reasonably perceived, imminent threat to an officer or another person
drifting
A straight-line movement of the vehicle at a slight angle to the road.
Snap back
A strike that is retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject
Deadly force
A subject refuses to drop a knife when ordered to by the officer and makes a hostile attacking movement toward the officer is an example of ________ resistance.
Aggressive resistance
A subject's attacking movements toward an officer that may cause injury but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others
Deadly force resistance
A subject's hostile, attacking movements, with or without a weapon, that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others
Pain compliance
A subject's response to a combination or pain and verbal commands to stop resisting
Active resistance
A subject's use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer; examples include bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject
Passive resistance
A subject's verbal and/or physical refusal to comply with an officer's lawful direction causing the officer to use physical techniques to establish control
Auditory distortion
A survival stress reaction in which hearing may be diminished or amplified
Defensive tactics
A system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements used by criminal justice officers to respond to a subject's aggression or resistance
Distraction technique
A technique that interrupts the subject's concentration so that energy is redirected from the current focus
Critical incident amnesia
A temporary or sometimes permanent condition, following an extremely stressful situation, where short and long-term memory loss may occur
Totality of circumstances
A term the court uses to refer to all facts and circumstances reasonably perceived by the officer as the basis for a use of force decision
Objective reasonableness
A term the courts have used to describe the process for evaluating the appropriateness of an officer's response to a subject's resistance
Intermediate weapon
A tool used when empty-handed control is ineffective, but the subject's level of resistance does not merit deadly force; baton, OC spray, dart-firing stun gun
is a civil wrong in which the action or inaction of a person or entity violates the rights of another person or entity.
A tort
CS or orthochlorobenzal-malononitrile
A type of chemical agent commonly used by law enforcement usually in the form of hand-held canisters and chemical projectiles
OC or oleo-resin capsicum
A type of chemical agent commonly used by law enforcement, usually in the form of hand-held canisters and chemical projectiles
Temporary motor dysfunction
A type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control
Nonlethal weapon
A weapon that is not fundamentally designed to cause death or great bodily harm
is any person who has information about some element of the crime or about evidence or documents related to the crime.
A witness
NOLO CONTENDERE
AN INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT ACCEPT OR DENY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CHARGES BUT AGREES TO ACCEPT PUNISHMENT.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
AN OFFICER MUST—UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW OR POLICY—REFRAIN FROM BECOMING INVOLVED IN OFFICIAL MATTERS. YOU CANNOT INFLUENCE THE ACTIONS OF OTHER OFFICERS IN OFFICIAL MATTERS OR INFLUENCE ANOTHER OFFICER'S IMMEDIATE FAMILY, RELATIVES, OR PEOPLE WITH WHICH THE OFFICER HAS HAD ANY SIGNIFICANT PERSONAL, BUSINESS, OR EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS.
While in a patrol vehicle, an officer may face attack from a sniper, firebombs, rocks and other missiles. If your primary methods of preventing harm or chemicals to get into your vehicle failed, what should you do?
Abandon the vehicle
The two types that are often considered exceptions to the search warrant requirement are not technically searches because the person does not have reasonable expectation of privacy in the place to be searched are?
Abandoned property and open fields
depth perception
Ability to judge distance and perceive space to determine how far away an object is
peripheral vision
Ability to see above, below, and to the sides
_____ is an open wounds caused by scraping
Abrasion
While in a patrol vehicle, an officer may face attack from a sniper, firebombs, rocks and other missiles, what should you do if this occurs?
Accelerate away, roll up the windows and turn off the air conditioning
24 hours of the arrest
According to Florida law, the first appearance hearing must occur within
Step 4 of Initiating the Traffic Stop
Activating emergency equipment to communicate the stop to the driver.
Short lived, and is similar to what people experience before taking a test or testifying in court
Acute stress
Secondary devices
Additional devices placed at the scene of an ongoing emergency response intended to cause casualties among responders. Are designed to explode after a primary explosion or other major event has attracted large numbers of responders to the scene to inflict additional injury, damage, and fear. Typically these devices are hidden or camouflaged by placing the devices in ordinary objects such as vehicles, flashlights, backpacks, flowerpots, or garbage cans.
BOLOs will also include-...
Amber alerts for missing children Silver alerts for missing adults Blue alerts for apprehension of violent criminals who kill or seriously injure law enforcement officers
The _____ is a bag of fluid sill surrounding the fetus
Amniotic sac
When transporting a prisoner with a physical, sensory, or language disability, what must a officer do?
Adjust transport procedures as needed without compromising officer safety
Phase Three: Pre-arrest screening
Administration of some structured standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs) to the driver to determine impairment.
Generally do not require a warrant due to the setting or special conditions. Subjects of this type of search include students, public schools, people in government offices, government property(such as desk. lockers, and vehicles), people engaged in certain businesses or licensed activities, and people on parole or probation.
Administrative Searches
view the infant's body, identify the witnesses and people who may have information about the infant's death, photograph the scene, conduct preliminary interviews, and complete thorough documentation of your finding
After securing the scene at a sudden infant death,
Phase Two: Personal contact
After the vehicle stops, there usually is an opportunity to observe and speak with the driver face-to-face
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender intentionally and unlawfully threatened, either by word or act, to do violence to the victim. 2. At the time, the offender appeared to have the ability to carry out the threat. 3. The act of the offender created in the mind of the victim a well-founded fear that the violence was about to take place. 4. The assault was made with a deadly weapon without the intent to kill, or the assault was made with the intent to commit a felony.
Aggravated Assault, s. 784.021, F.S., Felony
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly followed, harassed, or cyberstalked the victim. The offender made a credible threat with the intent to place the victim in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury to him- or herself.
Aggravated Stalking, ss. 784.048(3), 784.048(4)*, and 784.048(5)**, F.S., Felony
Criminal Street Gang
"a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group that has as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal or delinquent acts, and that consists of three or more persons who have a common name or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols and have two or more members who, individually or collectively, engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal street gang activity" Section 874.03, F.S.
The elements of negligence are
(1) a duty to act with care, (2) breach of the duty to act, (3) causation or proximate cause, and (4) damages.
COMMUNTY CONTROL
(HOUSE ARREST) MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN PROBATION OR PAROLE.
Crane/Yoke (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) attaches the cylinder to the frame so the cylinder can swing in and out of the frame opening; Colt uses the term ________; Smith & Wesson uses the term ________ (internal part)
Rear Sight (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) located on the rear of the frame; it can be adjustable or fixed
Cylinder Stop (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) locks the cylinder
Center Pin (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) on a Smith & Wesson revolver, it is the spring-loaded part that holds the cylinder closed
Top Strap (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) part of the frame that houses the rear sight, positioned over cylinder
Backstrap (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) portion of the grip that is placed in the palm of the shooting hand
Extractor Rod (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) when depressed, it causes the extractor to push the cartridge from the cylinder
Hammer (Revolver)
(Nomenclature of the Revolver) when the trigger is pulled, this part falls forward to activate the primer
Slide Lock (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) device that allows quick and simple field stripping of the pistol
Slide Stop Lever (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) device that locks the slide in the open position
Thumb Rest (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) place for the thumb to rest while gripping the pistol
Back Strap (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) portion of the grip that is placed in the palm of the shooting hand
Muzzle Barrel (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) provides a path for the fired bullet and is chambered to hold the cartridge
Accessory Rail (Semiautomatic Pistol)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Pistol) provides place for lighting and sighting devices
Forward Assist (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) a button assuring that the bolt is locked
Muzzle Flash Suppressor (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) attachment on the barrel's forward end that reduces the flash as burning powder escapes when the bullet exits the barrel
Magazine (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) contains ammunition ready to be chambered
Lower Receiver Group (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) contains the magazine release, magazine well, trigger housing, and trigger components
Charging Handle (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) enables manipulation of the bolt to chamber a round
Upper Receiver Group (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) houses the bolt assembly group
Ejection Port (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) opening that permits the shell to exit the weapon (internal part)
Barrel (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) provides a path for the fired bullet; its chamber holds the cartridge
Butt (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) the end of the stock
Forestock/Hand Guard (Rifle/Carbine)
(Nomenclature of the Semiautomatic Rifle/Carbine) used to support the rifle with the support hand; acts as a heat shield from the barrel
Bolt (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) cylinder steel part containing the firing pin and extractor, which closes the breech end of the barrel for firing
Bolt Carrier (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) flat steel part that fits onto the action bars and on which the bolt sits
Receiver (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) holds the trigger group and bolt assembly
Magazine Tube (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) located under the barrel and holds rounds
Safety (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) mechanical device that prevents a shooter from pulling the trigger and discharging the shotgun
Extractor (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) metal hook-shaped part mounted on the bolt; the hook engages the rim of the cartridge so that when the action is brought to the rear, this part removes the shell from the chamber
Comb (Shotgun)
(Nomenclature of the Shotgun) part of the stock; stock's top edge where the shooter's cheek rests
their driver's license privilege will be suspended
(Under 21) If the driver's alcohol concentration level is at or above .02, or if he or she refuses to submit to a breath test,
warm up
(initial stage) establishes rapport and builds understanding with the interviewee
Elimination prints
Allow fingerprint analysts to distinguish between prints belonging to either the victims and witnesses or the possible suspects.
When dispatched to a call regarding a missing person, follow the Missing Endangered Persons Information Clearinghouse (MEPIC) guidelines
1. Respond promptly to the scene of a missing person 2. Consider activating a patrol-vehicle-mounted camera 3. Interview the person who made the initial report. 4. Thorough search of the house 5. If a child is missing, verify the child's custody status 6. Identify the circumstances of the disappearance. 7. Determine who las saw the missing person, when/where 8. Interview the individuals who last had contact 9. Identify the person's zone of safety for his or her age, developmental, physical, and mental state 10. Make an initial determination of the type of incident 11. Obtain a description of the missing person 12. Obtain a description of any suspected abductors and other pertinent information. 13. Evaluate whether the circumstances of the child's disappearance meet AMBER, Silver, or Blue Alert criteria. Discuss plan activation with your supervisor 14. Extend the search to surrounding areas. Determine if surveillance or security cameras in the vicinity may have captured information about the disappearance. 15. Record if the missing person has access to an online computer, cellular telephone, and pager. 16. Determine the correct National Crime Information Center (NCIC) Missing Person File category and ensure entry within 2 HOURS OF THE REPORT.
To activate the Florida AMBER Plan
1. The child must be less than 18 years of age 2. There must be a clear indication of abduction 3. The local law enforcement agency of jurisdiction must recommend the activation 4. There must be a detailed description of child, abductor, or the vehicle to broadcast to the public 5. The law enforcement agency's investigation must conclude the child's life is in danger
A law enforcement officer may make a probable cause arrest without a warrant under what circumstances?
1. The person has committed a felony or misdemeanor of violation a county or municipal ordinance in the presence of the officer 2. The person committed a felony outside of the officer's presence, but the officer has probable cause to believe that the person committed it. 3. A warrant for arrest has been issued and is being held by another law enforcement officer or agency. 4. The general rule is that an officer may not make an arrest for a misdemeanor which does not occur in his or her presence.
Conspiracy
1. the intent of the offender was that the offense would be committed 2. in order to carry out the intent, the offender agreed, conspired, combined, or confederated with the person alleged to cause to be committed either by them, or one of them, or by some other person
When disinfecting equipment, use a dilution of _____ part chlorine bleach to _____ part water
1; 10
HOW MANY YEARS DOES THE RECRUIT HAVE FROM STARTING DATE OF BASIC RECRUIT TRAINING TO COMPLETE THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS?
4 YEARS
natural, accidental, suicidal, homicidal, undetermined
5 broad categories of death
HOW MANY FLORIDA COUNTY COURTS ARE THERE?
67
FLORIDA SUPREME COURT CONSIST OF _____ JUSTICES WHO ARE APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR.
7
The penalty for offenses in this class is death or life imprisonment in a state correctional facility without the possibility of parole.
A Capital Felony (highest class of felony)
Occurs when an officer comes into voluntary contact with a citizen under circumstances in which a reasonable person would feel free to disregard the police and go about his or her business
A Consensual Encounter
If the property is valued at $100 or more but less than $300, and is taken from a dwelling or the curtilage thereof, stealing it is what?
A Felony
Carries a maximum penalty of 30 years in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $10,000 or both
A First-degree Felony
Carries a maximum penalty of one year in a county jail, a fine of $1,000, or both
A First-degree Misdemeanor
Has varying penalties, including up to life imprisonment in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $15,000 or both.
A Life Felony
ASSUMPTION
A NOTION, STATEMENT, OR BELIEF ABOUT A PERSON, GROUP, OR EVENT THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE FACTUAL. PEOPLE MAKE ASSUMPTIONS WHEN THEY CONSIDER SOMETHING TO BE TRUE OR FALSE WITHOUT PROOF OR DEMONSTRATION. ASSUMPTIONS ARE INTERPRETATIONS OF WHAT EXPERIENCE REVEALS AND MAY NOT ALWAYS BE ACCURATE.
Is punishable by a maximum of 15 years in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $10,000 or both
A Second-degree Felony
Carries a maximum penalty of 60 days in a county jail, a fine of $500, or both
A Second-degree Misdemeanor
Carries a maximum penalty of 5 years in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $5,000 or both
A Third-degree Felony
Jaw thrust
A _____ is a maneuver used when you suspect the patient has a spinal injury and you need to establish an airway
Filter mask
A ______ can provide protection against airborne disease
means that the defendant unreasonably failed in the duty he or she was obligated to perform.
A breach of duty
Sudden in-custody death syndrome (SDS)
A broad classification for unexplained in-custody deaths; usually occurs twenty minutes to two hours after the suspect has ben taken into custody.
30
A common policy or rule is to be out of a building at least ___ minutes before the alleged time of detonation and not return until at least __ minutes after the alleged time of detonation.
Custodial search technique
A complete search of the subject used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment
Pick-up order
A court order to take a juvenile into custody
Electronic control device
A device that uses a high voltage, low power electrical charge to induce involuntary muscle contractions to temporarily incapacitate a non-compliant subject (also known as electronic immobilization device, conducted energy weapon (CEW), or conducted energy device (CED))
Electronic control device (ECD)
A device that uses a high voltage, low-power electrical charge to induce involuntary muscle contractions to temporarily incapacitate a non-complaint subject (also known as electronic immobilization device, conducted energy weapon (CEW) or conducted energy device (CED)
Class E-Learner
A driver with a _______________ license is limited to driving motor vehicles weighing less than 8,000 pounds. In addition, such a driver must be accompanied by a licensed driver 21 years of age or older who occupies the closest seat right of the driver, and the learner may initially drive only between the hours of 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. Three months after issuance of the learner license, the driver may drive from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. A driver with a learner license may not operate a motorcycle without a motorcycle endorsement.
Duty to act
A duty to take some action to prevent harm to another, and for the failure of which one may be liable depending on the relationship of the parties and the circumstances
Dirty bombs
Also known as radiation dispersal devices, are traditional bombs with radioactive materials loaded into the casing. They are not considered nuclear weapons because they do not contain the same explosive power and their radiation is preloaded, whereas nuclear weapons create radioactivity upon detonation. Is primarily intended to inflict psychological panic more than physical harm. Its purpose is to contaminate rather than to destroy.
Embezzlement
A form of theft. Is a misdemeanor or felony depending upon the value of the property stolen.
Force Guidelines
A framework for making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by criminal justice officers
1,000 feet
A general safe distance for the initial perimeter is ____________________. This is a minimum evacuation distance and applies to situations in which the type or amount of explosive is unknown.
Search
A government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy
Dart-Firing stun Gun (DFSG)
A hand-held stun gun which propels electrified darts/probes.
Capias
A legal order for an arrest issued by the clerk of courts at the request of the state attorney's office
Survival stress
A measure of anxiety caused by an appraisal of a stimulus that leads to an extreme state of arousal (also know as fear-induced stress)
Scoville heat unit
A measure of the heat properties (burning sensation) of capsicum in OC spray
Joint manipulation
A method of gaining control over a subject by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will cause pain or discomfort to the joint
Mechanical compliance
A method used to gain control over a subject by applying pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement of the joint is possible, causing the subject to comply with verbal direction
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect for what? 1. The offender intentionally and unlawfully threatened, either by word or act, to do violence to the victim. 2. At the time, the offender appeared to have the ability to carry out the threat. 3. The act of the offender created in the mind of the victim a well-founded fear that the violence was about to take place.
Assault, s. 784.011, F.S., Misdemeanor
Problem solving produces one of the five results: the problem is eliminated; the problem is substantially reduced; the harm created by the problem is reduced; a better method of handling the problem is found; or the problem is found to be outside the realm of law enforcement
Assesment
Perfusion
Assess patient circulation by measuring the pulse estate (also known as _____) , skin color, and skin temperature
Operational Role
At this level responders take defensive action to protect nearby people, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and preventing exposure.
Officers must also ensure that the elements of the crime are clearly detailed within the report and record procedures followed including:
BOLO notifications, case cards, victims and witness pamphlets, and domestic violence information.
The State must prove one of the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender actually and intentionally touched or struck the victim against the victim's will. 2. The offender intentionally caused bodily harm to the victim.
Battery, s. 784.03, F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony
Only using reports for specific details and after requesting permission to refer to them.
Be prepared to testify from memory,
Obtain the patient's consent
Before providing first aid, you must do what
Twice
Beginning with the subject's left eye, each eye is examined _____________ for three specific clues.
A traffic stop (Conduct)
Begins the moment an officer observes an event or reason that merits the stop.
The detection process
Begins when a law enforcement officer first suspects that an individual may be driving under the influence and ends when that officer determines whether there is sufficient probable cause to arrest the subject for DUI.
____ is the passage that the fetus is pushed through during delivery
Birth canal
_____ triage tags indicate that the patient is deceased
Black
Vasoconstriction
Blood flow is restricted from the extremities and skin
Vasodilation
Blood flows into the larger muscle groups providing oxygen to power flight and aid in escape
Biological and Touch DNA Evidence
Blood, semen, saliva, perspiration, urine, vaginal secretions, feces, vomit, bones, teeth, body tissues, hair, DNA, and Touch DNA are all
People Nation Gangs
Bloods, Latin Kings, Norte 13 "Nortenos" are all examples of this group
Cyanosis
Blue skin color indicates
ATF
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
Technique to clear a room where officers stand on opposite sides of a doorway and wrap around the wall into the room
Button hook
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives
CBRNE stands for
SECRET SERVICE
CHARGED WITH THE DETECTION AND ARREST OF ANY PERSON COMMITTING ANY OFFENSE AGAINST THE LAWS OF THE US IN REGARDS TO COINS,CURRENCY,STAMPS, GOVERNMENT BONDS, CHECKS AND OTHER SECURITIES
System that includes FALCON, CART, and FORTS
CJNet
LATERAL COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION THAT TRAVELS ACROSS A LEVEL OF THE ORGANIZATION TO EMPLOYEES ON THE SAME LEVEL WITHIN THE CHAIN OF COMMAND.
What must a officer do before they transport a prisoner to prison?
Call dispatch, provide a current location, destination and the beginning mileage
no
Can an officer be the only witness of disturbing the peace?
Harm
Can be any of the following: •Sprain, dislocation, or cartilage damage, bone or skull fracture, brain or spinal cord damage, intracranial hemorrhage, or injury to another internal organ •Asphyxiation, suffocation, or drowning •Injury resulting from the use of a deadly weapon •Burns or scalding, cuts, lacerations, punctures, or bites •Permanent or temporary disfigurement, permanent, or temporary loss or impairment of a body part or function
Biological agents
Can be dispersed through food and water supplies by using aerosols, liquid droplets, solid dispersion (such as powder), and by using creatures such as fleas, ticks, or other insects to spread the agent.
Botulinum toxin
Can be introduced to the body through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption.
The implied consent warning
Can be read by a law enforcement officer, corrections officer, or certified breath test operator, but it recommended that a law enforcement officer read it to the subject if he or she refuses a request to submit as per agency policy and procedures.
Perishable evidence
Can include blood, footprints, and tire impressions, or trace evidence such as hair or fibers.
What should you do when the subject of a alert is accounted for?
Cancel the BOLO
_____ is dark red blood oozing slowly from a wound indicating damaged capillaries
Capillary bleeding
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect what? 1. The offender took the motor vehicle from the victim or custody of the victim. 2. Force, violence, assault, or putting in fear of violence was used in the course of the taking. 3. The taking was with the intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of his or her right to the vehicle or any benefit from it.
Carjacking, s. 812.133, F.S., Felony.
Is formed by the decisions of the court system (judicial branch).
Case Law
The neck of the uterus; contains a mucus plug
Cervix
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The defendant committed at least one of the following: a. intentionally inflicted physical or mental injury upon the victim b. committed an intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury to the victim c. actively encouraged another person to commit an act that results in or could reasonably have been expected to result in physical or mental injury to the victim 2. The victim is under the age of 18. Note: Leaving a newborn infant at a hospital, emergency medical services station, or fire station without intent to return does not constitute a crime. See s. 827.035, F.S.
Child Abuse, s. 827.03(1)(b), F.S., Felony
The scope of a search incident to arrest is the arrestee's person and the areas within the immediate control of the arrestee
Chimel v California
Continues over an extended period, such as the stress of a FTO program
Chronic stress
Notes can be organized in the following two ways:
Chronologically & Categorically
requires an inference or presumption to establish a fact. An example is eyewitness testimony that the defendant entered the victim's home around the time of the crime.
Circumstantial or indirect evidence
Security checks may be initiated by: (3)
Citizen request Dispatch Officers
Where is the NCIC located?
Clarksburg, West Virginia
Yellow Florida Driver's License
Class E Learner's License
Expressed consent
Clearly and unmistakably stated
_____ is when the skin at the injury site remains intact
Closed fracture
Blue Florida Driver's License
Commercial Driver License (CDL)-- Classes A, B, and C
"Shake and Bake" method, the red phosphorous method, and the "Nazi" (Anhydrous ammonia) method.
Common methods used in the manufacture of methamphetamine are the one-pot
Philosophy that promotes community partnerships to address the causes of crime and other community issues
Community oriented policing
What are community oriented policing's two core components
Community partnerships and problem solving
are designed to compensate for the actual property damage, harm, or injury that the plaintiff suffers.
Compensatory damages
Created when a booking agency submits your fingerprints and arrest information for an arrested person
Computerized Criminal History
Searches that do not require probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or even mere suspicion. If it is knowing and voluntary and the person giving it has authority to do so, then the search is valid and any evidence can be used in court.
Consent
means intelligent, knowing, and voluntary and does not include coerced submission.
Consent
Physical Evidence
Consists of objects or perishable evidence such as fingerprints, blood, or tire tracks.
The primary officer on a call is the ________
Contact officer
Biological weapons
Contain living organisms and are unpredictable and uncontrollable when released.
Dialogue
Controlled, non-emotional communication between an officer and a subject, aimed at problem solving and communication
The backup officer is the ______
Cover officer
Second-degree misdemeanor if the property is less than $200 and a first-degree if the damage is greater than $200 but less than $1,000
Criminal Mischief is a
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender injured or damaged property. 2. The property belonged to someone else. 3. The injury or damage was done willfully and maliciously.
Criminal Mischief, s. 806.13, F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony*
Recklessness, imposed criminal liability on defendants when they did not intend for a behavior to cause the resulting harm.
Criminal Negligence
Folk Nation Gangs
Crips, Gangster Disciples, Sur 13 "Surenos" are all examples of this group
Technique to clear a room where officers start on opposite sides of a doorway and enter rapidly one after the other and cross to opposite sides
Criss cross
Two common methods for entering a room
Crisscross, button hook
Consciously doing an act that the person knew or should have known was likely to cause death or great bodily harm
Culpable Negligence
Results from a variety of sources over time. For example, an individual has domestic, financial , and career problems
Cumulative or routine stress
Immediately locating the shooter and neutralizing the threat before assisting the injured.
Current tactics focus on
The space of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding a structure of someone's home and an open field
Curtilage
Four elements to the Miranda decision
Custody, interrogation, understanding, and free and voluntary waiving of rights.
Integration of location based crime and traffic crash data that determines the most effective methods for deploying law enforcement and other resoucers
DDACTS
ABT
DIVISION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO
do not resuscitate
DNR stands for:
Any force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm under s. 776.06, F.S.
Deadly Force
De-escalation
Decreasing the use of force or resistance
Florida's Uniform Disposition of Traffic Infractions Act (s. 318.14, F.S.,)
Decriminalizes most traffic violations. Some violations are still treated as criminal acts.
Corners that cannot be cleared visually from the doorway
Deep corners
s. 806.111, F.S,
Defines a firebomb as a container filled with flammable, combustible liquid or an incendiary chemical mixture, with a wick or other means of causing ignition. Does not include commercially manufactured devices used for illumination, heating, or cooking. Local gang activity, organized crime, terrorist activity, and hate crimes are often enacted using firebombs to commit crimes.
s. 877.03, F.S.,
Defines disorderly conduct as conduct that corrupts the public morals, outrages the sense of public decency, or affects the peace and quiet of people who may witness it. To establish probable cause for breach, document that the suspect's actions disturbed a person.
Section 741. 28, F.S.,
Defines domestic violence as "any assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another family, or household member."
Standard of care
Degree of care that a reasonable person should exercise
Lies dormant for a period of time then resurfaces
Delayed stress
Issues concealed weapons permits
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (DOACS)
Provides records of vehicles of vessels registered in Florida and driver's licenses or Florida identification card information, auto insurance information is also available through this system
Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
A nuclear weapon
Derives its destructive power from an uncontrolled nuclear reaction.
Psychophysical tests
Describe filed sobriety tests that measure a person's ability to perform both mental and physical tasks simultaneously.
One of the exigent circumstances that permits search and seizure without a warrant. If the officer has probable cause to believe that contraband or evidence is in immediate danger of being destroyed, the officer does not need to obtain a search warrant before seizing the contraband to justify a warrantless entry.
Destruction of Evidence
Any disturbed areas and possible evidence for processing
Determine the entry and exit points the burglar used and note
_____ is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin
Diabetes
_____ is the first stage which begins with the first contraction and continues until the fetus enters the birth canal. During this stage , the amniotic sac may rupture and fluid may gush from the vagina
Dilation
is that which proves a fact without an inference or presumption and which, if true in itself, conclusively establishes that fact.
Direct evidence
The State must prove one of the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The act was of a nature to corrupt the public morals. 2. The act outraged the sense of public decency. 3. The act affected the peace and quiet of persons who witnessed it. 4. The person charged engaged in brawling or fighting. 5. The person charged engaged in any such conduct as to constitute a breach of peace or disorderly conduct.
Disorderly Conduct/Breach of Peace, s. 877.03, F.S., Misdemeanor
Contact a supervisor, and follow agency policies and procedures when dealing with such situations
Do not attempt to determine which order is enforceable for a child custody situation, but maintain the status quo-
To establish probably cause for home-invasion robbery
Document that the suspect entered the dwelling of the victim and that at the time the suspect entered the dwelling, the suspect intended to commit robbery. While inside the dwelling, the suspect did commit robbery.
s. 787.01, F.S., To establish probable cause for kidnapping
Document that the suspect had no lawful authority and that the suspect forcibly, secretly, by threat confined, abducted, or imprisoned the victim against his or her will.
To establish probable cause for battery,
Document that the suspect intentionally touched or struck the victim against his or her will, or the suspect intentionally caused bodily harm to the victim.
To establish probably cause for aggravated battery
Document that the suspect intentionally touched or struck the victim against his or her will, or the suspect intentionally caused bodily harm to the victim. In addition, document that while committing the battery, the suspect intentionally or knowingly caused great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or used a deadly weapon.
To establish probable cause for loitering or prowling
Document that the suspect loitered or prowled in a place, at a time, or in a manner not usual for law-abiding individuals.
When establishing probable cause for voyeurism
Document that the suspect secretly observed the victim and committed the alleged act with a lewd, lascivious, indent intent. The words lewd, lascivious, and indecent mean the same thing: a wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person doing the act.
To establish probable cause for robbery by sudden snatching
Document that the suspect took the money or property from the person of the victim and in the course of the taking, the victim was or became aware of the taking.
To establish probable cause for robbery
Document that the suspect took the money or property from the person or custody of the victim by using force, violence, and assault, or by placing the victim in fear during the course of the taking. Add that the property taken was of some value and whether the suspect took the property with the intent to deprive the victim of his or her right to it or any benefit from it permanently or temporarily.
To establish probable cause for carjacking
Document that the suspect took the motor vehicle from the person or custody of the victim using force, violence, assault, or by placing the victim in fear during the course of the taking. The suspect took the property with the intent to deprive the victim of his or her right to the motor vehicle, temporarily or permanently, or any benefit from it. The suspect took the property to appropriate the motor vehicle of the victim to his or own use or that of any person not entitled to it.
To establish probable cause for disorderly intoxication
Document that the suspect was intoxicated, endangering the safety of another person or property, in a public place or conveyance, and causing a public disturbance.
To establish probable cause for aggravated stalking
Document that the suspect willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly followed, harassed, or cyberstalker the victim, and the suspect made a credible threat with the intent to place the victim in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury.
To establish probably cause for assault,
Document that the suspect: •Intentionally and unlawfully threatened, by either word or act, to do violence to a victim, •Appeared to have the ability to carry out the threat at the time, and •Created in the mind of the victim a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place.
To establish probably cause for aggravated assault
Document that the suspect: •Intentionally and unlawfully threatened, by either word or act, to do violence to a victim, •Must appear to have the ability to carry out the threat at the time, •Created in the mind of the victim a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place, and •Made a fully formed, conscious intent to commit violence to a victim using a deadly weapon.
When establishing probable cause for exploitation of a disabled adult or elderly person
Document that the victim was an elderly person or a disabled adult and: The suspect stood in a position of trust and confidence and had a business relationship with the victim at the time. or The suspect knew or reasonably should have known the victim did not have the capacity to consent at the time. or The suspect was the victim's guardian or agent under a power of attorney and breached a fiduciary duty to the victim. As a result, there was an unauthorized appropriation, sale, or transfer of the victim's property.
According to s. 827.03, F.S., to establish probably cause for aggravated child abuse,
Document that the victim was less than 18 years of age and the suspect did any of the following acts: •Committed aggravated battery upon the victim •Willfully tortured the victim •Maliciously punished the victim •Willfully and unlawfully caged the victim •Knowingly or willfully committed child abuse upon the victim and in so doing caused great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement, or used a deadly weapon.
To establish probable cause for false imprisonment
Document the fact that the suspect has no lawful authority and that the suspect forcibly, secretly, and by threat confined abducted, imprisoned, and/or restrained the victim against his or her will.
To establish probable cause for trespassing
Document the suspect did both or one of the following: Willfully enter or remained in a structure or conveyance and the structure or conveyance was in the lawful possession of the complainant. The suspect entering or remaining in the structure or conveyance was without authorization, license, or invitation by the complainant or any other person authorized to give that permission. Had been authorized, licensed, or invited to enter or remain in the structure or conveyance by the owner, lessee, or a person authorized by the owner or lessee of the premises warned the suspect to depart and the suspect refused to depart.
is anything written or printed which is offered to prove or disprove facts pertaining to the case.
Documentary evidence
any assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another.
Domestic Violence
What should officers do prior to entering a building?
Draw their firearm, knock, announce your presence to allow occupants to exit and surrender
Present or Submit
Drivers in Florida are required to ______ a driver's license, vehicle registration, and proof of insurance upon officer's request per ss. 322.15, and s.320.0605, F.S.,
Physical or emotional reaction to an event or situation
Stress
A ______ is damage to part of the brain due to a rupture or blockage of a blood vessel
Stroke
What information should a BOLO include?
Subjects name and identifying information Location of the incident Reason for the BOLO Alleged violation or reason the subject is wanted Last known mode and direction of travel Person, vehicle, or property description or photograph
The two main components of due process are?
Substantive and Procedural
The fair and consistent enforcement of the law
Substantive due process
_____ or first degree burns damage the first layer of skin which becomes red and feels very painful
Superficial burns
May include tactical preparedness, firearm proficiency, physical fitness, situational awareness, and first aid skills
Survival readiness
LOCAL LEVEL
THE SINGLE LARGEST SEGMENT OF AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT IS FOUND AT THE
(FDLE) FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT
TO PROMOTE PUBLIC SAFETY AND STRENGTHEN DOMESTIC SECURITY BY PROVIDING SERVICES IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES TO PREVENT, INVESTIGATE, SOLVE CRIMES WHILE PROTECTING FLORIDA RESIDENTS AND VISITORS.
ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IN LAW ENFORCEMENT INCLUDES...
TREATING ALL PEOPLE WITH COURTESY AND FAIRNESS, REFUSING TO ACCEPT AND OFFER GRATUITIES, PRESERVING EVIDENCE, GIVING TRUE AND IMPARTIAL TESTIMONY, OBEYING ALL LAWS AND REGULATIONS, PROTECTING CIVIL RIGHTS OF EVERYONE, AND RESPECTING CONFIDENTIAL AND PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION.
Handcuffs
Temporary restraining devices used frequently to control a subject
The United States Supreme Court stuck down a Tennessee law which allowed law enforcement officers to use whatever force was necessary to stop fleeing felons.
Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985)
Domestic terrorism
Terrorist activity conducted by a group or by individuals who are U.S. citizens operating within the U.S. or its territories
is witness statements tending to prove or disprove facts about the case. It includes the testimonies of law enforcement officers, experts, and other witnesses.
Testimonial evidence
Turning with Wide Radius
During a turn, the radius defined by the distance between the turning vehicle and the center of the turn is greater than normal. The vehicle may drive wide in a curve.
means a building or conveyance of any kind, including any attached porch, whether such building or conveyance is temporary or permanent, mobile, or immobile, which has a roof over it and is designed to be occupied by people lodging therein at night.
Dwelling
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. Intentional infliction of physical or psychological injury upon an elderly person or disabled adult 2. An intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or psychological injury to an elderly person or disabled adult 3. Active encouragement of any person to commit an act that results or could reasonably be expected to result in physical or psychological injury to an elderly person or disabled adult
Elder Abuse, s. 825.102, F.S.
means a person 60 years of age or older who is suffering from the infirmities of aging as manifested by advanced age or organic brain damage, or other physical, mental, or emotional dysfunctioning, to the extent that the ability of the person to provide adequately for the person's own care or protection is impaired.
Elderly person
What exception involves a situation in which an officer may make a warrantless entry in order to ensure their own safety or that of the public. For this exception to apply, the officer must have an objectively reasonable basis to believe that someone is in immediate danger.
Emergency Scene
Pie/wheel search pattern
Entails dividing the area into a number of wedge-shaped sections, which are usually searched using the strip/line search pattern. Use this method for extremely large search areas.
occurs when a law enforcement officer uses undue persuasion or fraudulent means to induce a person to commit a crime he or she would not have otherwise committed.
Entrapment
Hurricanes, gas leaks, and spills on the roadways are examples of:
Environmental hazards
The difference between theft and robbery is what?
That robbery involves the use of force against a person.
The first ten amendments of the Constitution is known as what?
The Bill of Rights
Was originally intended to restrict the actions of the federal government
The Bill of Rights
State Fire Marshal
The Bureau of Fire and Arson Investigations is the law enforcement branch of the Division of __________. It investigates possible criminal activities related to fire.
The principle that an officer may search a vehicle or other mobile conveyance without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of criminal activity.
The Carroll Doctrine Carroll v. U.S., 267 U.S. 132 (1925)
Ideal locations for a secondary device.
Evacuation routes, evacuee collection points, staging areas, and command posts.
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment that expands the restriction the Bill of Rights places on the federal government to state and local governments and states, " No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process law; nor deny any person within its jurisdiction of the equal protection of the laws."
The Due Process Clause
Traveling at higher than normal rates of speed, driving on emergency mode, or traveling with other responding units
Events and situations that call for the four second rule include _____, _____ or ____
Vehicle (s. 316.003(75), F.S.,)
Every device, in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, excepting devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.
_____ is an open wound where organs protrude
Evisceration
an adult keeping a child home from school, committing a crime in the presence of a child, or serving alcoholic beverages to a child.
Examples of Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor
______ is a state of extreme mental and physiological excitement characterized by exceptional agitation, hyperactivity, overheating, excessive tearing of the eyes, hostility, superhuman strength, aggression, acute paranoia, and endurance without apparent fatigue
Excited delirium
are unplanned, spontaneous statements that occur during or after a shocking event, or having suffered an injury, and may be relied upon for truthfulness.
Excited utterances
The Supreme Court has ruled that evidence obtained by government in violation of the Constitution cannot be used as evidence in court. This is known as what?
Exclusionary Rule
Civil standbys may be conducted in situations such as: (3)
Executing writ of replevin Child custody exchange Pretrial release order
Certain emergencies such as evidence destruction, an emergency scene, or a fresh pursuit that justifies a warrantless entry.
Exigent Circumstances
Equality
Exists when two participants operate with the same level of power in a relationship, no control. or coercion by either party.
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender exposed or exhibited his or her sexual organs, or was naked. 2. The offender did so, or was naked, in a public place, on the private premises of another, or so near the private premises of another as to be seen from those private premises.
Exposure of Sexual Organs, s. 800.03, F.S., Misdemeanor
______ is the second stage where the fetus moves through the birth canal and is born
Expulsion
Electro-Muscular disruption (EMD)
External impulses that interfere with the electric impulses used by the human nerve system to communicate with the skeletal muscles, causing physical incapacitation.
Who runs the NCIC?
FBI
Database that provides information about people and property
FCIC
Using the _______, law enforcement agencies may enter data about stolen property and wanted and missing persons
FCIC
Before the CCH record is created, the ______ first must process and verify the information by fingerprint review
FDLE
Who runs the FCIC?
FDLE
FWC
FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of false imprisonment: 1. The defendant forcibly, by threat, or secretly confined, abducted, imprisoned, or restrained the victim against his or her will. 2. The defendant had no lawful authority.
False Imprisonment, s. 787.02, F.S., Felony Note: Confinement of a child under the age of 13 is against the child's will if such confinement is without the consent of the parent or legal guardian.
spouses, former spouses, persons related by blood or marriage, persons who are presently residing together as if a family, or who have resided together in the past as if a family, and persons who are parents of a child in common regardless of whether they have been married. With the exception of persons who have a child in common, the family or household members must be currently residing or have in the past resided together in the same single dwelling unit.
Family or Household Member
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Relying on collective knowledge of other officers when taking law enforcement action.
Fellow officer rule
Any crime committed for which the maximum penalty is death or incarceration in a state correctional facility for more than one year.
Felony
Impression Evidence
Fingerprints, tire tracks, footwear impressions, footprints, bite marks, and tool marks are all
Three Emergency Response subsections
Fire; Spill or Leak; and First Aid
Awareness Role
First responders at the awareness level have been trained to initiate the emergency response sequence and notify authorities of the situation. They take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. (Law Enforcements).
A ______ is a type of closet chest injury that occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, becoming free floating
Flail chest
Red
Flammability hazards
Database housed at the Florida Department of Law Enforcement in Tallahassee, Florida
Florida Crime Information Center
1-800-96-ELDER
Florida Elder Helpline
Implied consent
Florida law requires a lawfully arrested driver of a vehicle to take any breath, blood, or urine test requested by a law enforcement officer.
Search/report system that effectively cross matches fingerprints and criminal histories ; contains photographs ; searchers national and other criminal databases; and allows for instant updates of criminal justice information systems
Floridas Integrated Criminal History System (FALCON)
Receive particular assignments and attend regular briefings
For ongoing situations in which ICS has already been established, such as hurricanes or wildfires, officers will
Officers need to be aware that they cannot __________________, except under emergency circumstances.
Force individuals to evacuate
A legal doctrine that permits a law enforcement officer to make an arrest of a fleeing suspect who crosses jurisdictional lines
Fresh Pursuit
Allows an officer to enter a residence or other private place, while chasing a suspect.
Fresh Pursuit
______ is a localized injury from overexposure to cold
Frostbite
______ or third degree burns damage all skin layers and affect muscles and serves
Full thickness
WHAT IS E.E.O.C. ?
GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY THAT ENFORCES COMPLIANCE WITH THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (TITLE VII).
Most criminal offenses and requires some forbidden act by the offender. To qualify as an act, the offender's bodily movement must be voluntary
General Intent
DUI detection process
Generally means the entire process of identifying and gathering evidence accumulated to determine whether or not a subject should be arrested for a DUI offense.
Left-wing extremist groups
Generally profess a revolutionary socialist doctrine and view themselves as protectors of the people against capitalism and imperialism.
Offset towards the driver's side of the suspect vehicle
Generally, the primary patrol vehicle should be
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender drew, made, uttered, issued, or delivered the check admitted in evidence. 2. When the offender did so, there was not sufficient money on deposit in the bank to pay the check. 3. The offender knew when he or she wrote the check that he or she did not have sufficient money on deposit with the bank. 4. The offender knew he or she had no arrangement or understanding with the bank for the payment of the check when it was presented. 5. The check was in the amount of ________.* *Less than $150 merits a misdemeanor; more than $150 merits a felony.
Giving a Worthless Check, s. 832.05, F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony*
If the property stolen is valued at over $300, the offender commits the felony of what?
Grand Theft
_____ triage tags indicate minor medical attention
Green
Minimizing Tension and Maximizing Cooperation
Greet the driver (and passengers) politely, introducing yourself and immediately explaining why you made the stop; courts have ruled that people are entitled to know why they were stopped before any further discussion or requests are made. Describe the violation in terms of what you saw the vehicle not the driver, do.
The Fourteenth Amendment
Guarantees every person within the U.S. equal protection under the law.
SUPREME COURT OF THE U.S....
HIGHEST COURT AND CHIEF AUTHORITY IN JUDICIAL BRANCH. RESOLVES ISSUES OF CONSTITUTIONALITY AND FEDERAL LAW.
HIPAA stands forHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIPPA stands for
Trace Evidence
Hairs, fibers, clothing, paint chips, transfer evidence, glass, wood, soil, and dirt are all
Stand or standing
Halting of a vehicle to load or unload passengers
Schedule III
Has accepted medial use and the abuse potential is less
Blue
Health Hazards
is a statement other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.
Hearsay
A _____ is caused by oxygen deprivation to part of the heart , typically from a blocked blood vessel
Heart attack
Hyperthermia comes in which 3 stages?
Heat cramp, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs)
Hells Angels, The Outlaws, Bandidos are all examples of this type of gang
Fecal contamination and oral ingestion
Hepatitis A is transmitted by
Sexual contact or sharing contaminated needles
Hepatitis B is transferred by
Father of community oriented policing
Herman Goldstein
7-15
How many watts is given to a suspect but does not effect their nervous system?
across the width of the truck (side to side, not front to back)
How should you store long guns, and long handled tools in the back of your patrol vehicle?
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The defendant transported into this state a person from another country who does not have authorization to enter the United States legally. 2. The defendant knew or should have known that the person does not have authorization to enter the United States legally.
Human Smuggling, s. 787.07, F.S., Felony
means transporting, soliciting, recruiting, harboring, providing, enticing, maintaining, or obtaining another person for the purpose of exploitation of that person
Human trafficking
______ occurs when the body cannot recover from heavy fluid loss
Hyperthermia
Enhanced state of awareness that impedes ones ability to relax and disengage from a stressful situation
Hypervigilance
What is one of the symptoms of PTSD
Hypervigilance
_____ is an excessive cooling of the body's core temperature
Hypothermia
PERCEPTION
IMPRESSION IN A PERSON'S MIND OF AN INDIVIDUAL, A GROUP OF PEOPLE, OR EVENTS BASED ON EXPERIENCES, BIASES, BELIEFS, ASSUMPTIONS, AND OBSERVATIONS.
VERTICAL COMMUNIATION
INFORMATION THAT FLOWS DOWN THROUGH THE SUPERVISION LEVEL TO THE LOWEST LEVEL OF THE ORGANIZATION.
BIAS OR PREJUDICE
IS A STRONG BELIEF OR FEELING ABOUT A PERSON, GROUP, OR SUBJECT, WHETHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, THAT IS FORMED WITHOUT REVIEWING ALL AVAILABLE FACTS OR INFORMATION.
UNDER THE FLORIDA LAW, THE COMMISSION MUST REVOKE AN OFFICER'S CERTIFICATION IF HE OR SHE...
IS CONVICTED, PLEADS GUILTY OR NOLO CONTENDERE, OR IS FOUND GUILTY OF ANY FELONY OFFENSE, REGARDLESS OF WITHHOLDING OF ADJUDICATION OR SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE.
ETHICAL BEHAVIOR
IS PRINCIPLED, VALUE-BASED DECISION MAKING, PRACTICED DAILY.
CORRECTION
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENFORCING PUNISHMENT AS DEFINED BY THE COURT SYSTEM.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF AND MAINTAINING CIVIL ORDER.
COURT SYSTEM
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF LAWS.
DISCRIMINATION
IS THE NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR TOWARD A PERSON OR GROUP THAT IS BASED ON COLOR, RACE, SEX, AGE, RELIGION, ETHNIC AND NATIONAL ORIGIN, HANDICAP, AND/OR MARITAL STATUS.
At the scene of a incident, a officer must ______ all involved parties
Identify
The officer should request a urine test
If a breath test result is below a 0.08 and an officer has probable cause to believe that the subject is impaired by substances other than alcohol,
Contact your supervisor and determine the best method for removing the child
If a child is in immediate danger,
Determine the relationship between the suspect and victim to protect the child from further abuse by physically separating the child and the suspect. Make sure the child and the suspect cannot see or hear each other. This prevents the suspect from sing eye contact or body language to intimidate or coerce the child.
If a child is not in immediate danger,
"Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies for Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Repeat Violence, Sexual Violence, Stalking"
If a situation is a domestic violence situation, present __________________________ brochure as per s. 960.001, F.S.
issuing a warning, notifying the parent or guardian, issuing a civil citation, or conducting an arrest.
If an arrest is made for a misdemeanor and the child admits to the offense, a law enforcement officer has the option of
Vacate the room or area immediately
If an explosive device is found,
-soft objects (bushes, small trees, fences) -objects moving in the same direction ( including another vehicle) -a fixed object ( tree, sign, or parked car)
If an oncoming vehicle forces an officer off the road, what should the officer hit that can potentially reduce the chances of injury?
"Please certify the question."
If asked an improper question, you may answer
Indicate in the report and the arrest affidavit that a hate crime has been committed so the state attorney's office can apply for the appropriate penalty enhancements.
If evidence at the scene and the facts of the case show that prejudice or discrimination motived a crime,
Seize his or her driver's license and attach it to the blue or transmittal copy of the DUI citation per s.316.650, F.S. You or your agency should forward the license and a copy to the DHSMV for an administrative suspension per agency policy.
If subject has an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or above, or refuses chemical testing,
We must still enter property legally. Get a search warrant.
If the crime scene if on private property,
The officer should dispose of it according to agency policy.
If the driver's license is confiscated due to suspension, mutilation, revocation, or altered data,
The witness must answer the question
If the objection is overruled,
The jury is instructed to presume that the person as under the influence of alcohol to the extent that his or her normal faculties were impaired.
If the person's alcohol concentration was 0.08 or higher,
Onset of nystagmus prior to 45-degrees
If the point at which the eye is first seen jerking begins prior to 45 degrees, it is likely that the person has a BAC above 0.08.
When is third party consent to search valid?
If the third party has mutual access and control over the area to be searched. A search may not be done by consent of one co-tenant if another co-tenant is present and objects to the search.
You should push it down when you approach the vehicle
If the trunk lid is unlatched, ___________________________________. Doing so will lock in anyone hiding inside the trunk. Be aware that modern technology allows the trunk to be popped at any time during a stop.
The crime is a third-degree felony for Criminal Mischief
If the value of property damaged totals $1,000 or more,
The degree of the offense will change. (Enhancement)
If the victim of the assault, aggravated assault, battery, or aggravated battery is 65 years of age or older,
Aggravated battery, or an additional separate offense.
If the victim was pregnant at the time of the battery, whether the suspect knew or should have known the victim was pregnant, this upgrades the battery charge to
Place him or her under arrest and issue another Uniform Traffic Citation for refusal to sign a citation
If the violator still refuses to sign the citation,
Be placed out of service for 24 hours.
If you are stopped at a roadside rest area and found to have BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of 0.02 you will:
Relay information to responding units.
If you are the first on the scene of a CBRNE incident,
Crosswind
If you cannot approach from upwind, your next choice is
notify dispatch right away, do not holster your weapon and rush to the injured suspect, maintain cover and wait for the assistance of backup officers before approaching the suspect, watch the suspect for unusual hand movements, handcuff the suspect and provide first aid.
If you shoot a suspect:
Upon arrival at an evacuation:
Immediately assess the scene and determine the hazard level
Stabilization
Immobilizing the subject's head so the subject cannot move or escape
Criminal Charge
In Florida, domestic violence is not a
The United States Supreme Court held that all law enforcement use of force cases are to be judged by an objective reasonableness standard based upon the Fourth Amendment
In Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)
Request for the subject to submit a urine test and be given the Implied Consent Warning if the test is refused.
In a urine test situation,
A scale, ruler, or identifier
In each close-up photograph you take include
The focus of law enforcement shifts from evacuation to search and rescue, security of shelters and distribution centers, and protection of property.
In the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster,
Notification
In which the first responder informs the next level of responder as defined in the agency's Emergency Response Plan. The officer should maintain continuous communication with dispatch as the event unfolds. This ensures the proper resources are deployed.
In a multiple agency response, your role depends on your arrival time, department policy, and local protocol. Florida implements the ______
Incident command system (ICS)
When a person is lawfully arrested and taken into custody, he or she may be searched without a warrant. Such a search is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.
Incident to Arrest
Environmental indicators of a nuclear attack
Include a massive explosion, a mushroom cloud, an intense brilliant flash of light, and the use of bombs or missiles as a delivery method.
The most common examples of biological weapons
Include anthrax, smallpox, ricin, and botulinum.
Primary locations for WMD attacks
Include high impact targets and often focus on heavily frequented locations. Examples include airports, subways, schools, places of worship, government buildings, or large public gatherings such as fairs, festivals, or sporting events.
Potential injuries from Nuclear WMD
Include light damage to the eyes, burns to the skin, blast (pressure) injuries, and being hit by propelled objects, radiation from the bomb ignition, and falling radioactive particles.
Common catalysts or triggers for active shooters
Include loss of significant relationships, changes in financial status or loss of or termination from a job, changes in living arrangements, major adverse changes to life circumstances, and being the victim of bullying or feelings of humiliation or rejection.
Normal faculties
Include the ability to see, hear, walk, talk, judge distances, drive an automobile, make judgements, act in emergencies, and normally perform the mental and physical acts of daily life.
Within the state
Includes anywhere in Florida, whether on roadways or public or private property. A person may be arrested for DUI even though he or she never drove onto a road or highway.
Safe places to decide to make a Traffic Stop
Includes areas with a wide shoulder off the roadway, available parking areas, and areas with an unobstructed view of oncoming traffic when entering the roadway
Symptoms of Botulinum (botulism)
Includes difficulty seeing, speaking, and swallowing and having double vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Occurs within 12-80 hours of exposure.
Emergency notification equipment
Includes emergency lights, sirens, headlights, PA system, and horn.
Escalation
Increasing the use of force or resistance
0
Indicates No Hazard
4
Indicating The Highest Hazard
Should be given the opportunity to remove their shoes
Individual wearing heels more than two inches high
Implied consent
Inferred from ones conduct rather than from one: direct expression
NLETS allows for interstate and interagency ______ exchange
Information
Categorically:
Information may also be grouped by category, such as by witnesses, victims, suspects, weapons used, and crime elements. This type of organization helps when completing report forms
If the patient's face burned, they may also have suffered an _____ , which is a burn to any part of the airway
Inhalation burn
Clearly visible
Instruct all occupants to put up their hands so that they are
_____ is a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life
Insulin
Integration of community policing and law enforcement intelligence
Intelligence led policing
As purposely do what the law declares to be a crime, whether the person's purpose was to commit the crime or to meet its outcome.
Intent
Is a third-degree felony
Interruption or impairment of a business operation or public communication transportation, water, gas, or power supply, or other public service that costs $1,000 or more in labor and supplies to restore,
Not designed to search for evidence but to protect the arrested person's property and to protect the officer from accusations of theft. It is a written list of all valuable property in the vehicle.
Inventory Search
Retail theft
Involves taking possession of or carrying away merchandise, money, or negotiable instruments; or altering or removing a label or price tag; or transferring merchandise from one container to another of lower price or removal of a shopping cart with intent to deprive the merchant of possession, use, benefit, or full retail value. You can arrest an individual for retail theft without a warrant even when the offense is not committed in your presence. Is less than $300, the offense is a misdemeanor.
Grand theft
Involves the feet of anything with a value of $300 or more and other items specified by statute regardless of their value. Theft of a will, codicil, or other testamentary instrument, a firearm, motor vehicle, stop sign, or fire extinguisher. Can also involve theft of any commercially farmed animal or fish, 2,000 or more individual pieces of citrus fruit, items taken from a designated construction site identified by the posting a sign, and anhydrous ammonia, used in methamphetamine production.
Stalking
Involves unwanted and repeated attention by the suspect towards the victim, family members, or individuals closely associated with the victim. It occurs across all socioeconomic and cultural barriers. Is not a crime limited to people who have an existing relationship; sometimes the suspect is a stranger. Is a victim-reported crime.
An Assault
Involves verbal threats without physical contact. Is verbal.
international terrorism
Involves violent criminal acts intended to coerce or intimidate civilians or influence government policy
A newborn infant
Is a child whom a licensed physician reasonably believes to be approximately seven days old or younger.
Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)
Is a computerized logging system in which dispatch records every event reported and every instruction given chronologically by date and time.
Smallpox
Is a contagious infectious disease that can be transmitted by prolonged face-to-face contact with an infected person, direct contact with infected bodily fluids, and direct contact with infected objects such as clothes. After an incubation period of seven to seventeen days, symptoms such as a pox-like rash, raised bumps, fever, muscle rigidity, shivering, malaise, headaches, and vomiting occur.
A canvass
Is a door-to-door inquiry of all possible sources of information in a given area.
Illegal alien
Is a foreign national who entered the United States without inspection at a border crossing or airport, with fraudulent documents, or legally as nonimmigrant, but then violated that status and remained without authority.
A photographic array
Is a group of photographs used in a photographic line-up. Consists of a minimum of six photographs
Ricin
Is a highly toxic poison found in seeds of the castor bean plant. The primary routes of exposure to ________ are ingestion and inhalation.
An improvised explosive device (IED)
Is a homemade bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than conventional military action and can be made from commercially available materials. Can be disguised as almost any item. Have been hidden in trash bins, backpacks, road signs, concealed under debris, and otherwise constructed to prevent discovery. Since these items may not be readily identifiable, any object found under suspicious circumstances should be treated as a possible ____________.
Chemical suicide, also known as "detergent suicide,"
Is a method of committing suicide by mixing two or more easily acquired chemicals, commonly an acid and a base.
The Child Abduction Response Team
Is a multi-agency child abduction team that permits law enforcement to provide an organized, rapid, and planned response to an abducted child or other missing and endangered child cases. Consists of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies and private sector partners.
Anthrax
Is a naturally occurring bacterium. The primary routes of exposure to _______________ are skin exposure and inhalation. If exposure occurs through the skin, symptoms include a rash and lesions that begin small but grow over a period of days. If ____________ is inhaled, flu-like symptoms, such as respiratory distress, vomiting, and fever, occur several days after exposure. Inhalation of ______________ has a very high mortality rate, while skin exposure to __________ has a high rate of survival.
A caregiver
Is a person entrusted with or who has assumed responsibility for the care or the property of a disabled adult or elderly person. This includes, but is not limited to, relatives, court-appointed or voluntary guardians, adult household members, neighbors, health care providers, and employees and volunteers of facilities.
A Cue
Is a reminder, prompt, or a signal to do something, e.g., take enforcement action or observe the vehicle more closely.
Home-invasion robbery
Is a robbery that occurs within the victim's dwelling while the victim is present and aware that a robbery is taking place. This is often confused with burglary to an occupied residence or vacant residence, which differs in that there is no use or threat of violence against the occupant.
Abandonment
Is a situation in which the parent or legal custodian of a child or, in the absence of a parent or legal custodian, the caregiver, while being able, has made no significant contribution to the child's care and maintenance or has failed to establish or maintain a substantial and positive relationship with the child or both.
Credible threat
Is a threat made with the intent to cause the person, who is the target of the threat, to fear for his or her safety, the safety of family members, or that of the individuals closely associated with the victim. The threat must be to cause bodily injury to or end the life of a person.
Fatigue nystagmus
Is a type of nystagmus that may begin if a subject's eyes are held at maximum deviation for more than 30 seconds.
Forgery
Is altering, forging, or counterfeiting a public record, certificate, legal document, bill of exchange or promissory note, etc., with intent to injure or defraud someone.
CBRNE
Is an acronym commonly used to identify types of hazards that an officer may face either as part of an accidental release or intentional use of a weapon of mass destruction.
A hate crime
Is an aggravation of a crime by selecting a victim based on prejudice. There is no criminal charge for it.
Vertical gaze nystagmus (VGN)
Is an involuntary jerking of the eyes (up and down) which occurs when the eyes gaze upward at maximum elevation.
Neurological nystagmus
Is an involuntary jerking of the eyes caused by a disruption of the central nervous system.
Vestibular nystagmus
Is an involuntary jerking of the eyes caused by movement or action to the vestibular (inner ear) system.
Pathological nystagmus
Is an involuntary jerking of the eyes which can occur as a result of brain tumors, other brain damage, or some diseases of the inner ear. These pathological disorders occur in very few people and even in fewer drivers.
Smuggling
Is an offense against the integrity of the United States borders. Is typically a short-term "business relationship" and may be a part of a human trafficking scheme.
An independent administrator
Is an officer who administers a photographic array, has no knowledge of the suspect information, and will meticulously avoid any conduct that might influence, directly or indirectly, a victim's or a witness' decision.
A deposition
Is an official court proceedings in which all parties, with the exception of the defendant, provide sworn testimonies regarding the facts of the case to one of the attorneys (defense or prosecutor) prior to trial.
A field contact
Is any person an officer has contact with while on patrol-- such as concerned citizen or an anonymous complainant with a sense of civic duty-- who does not necessarily generate an incident report. Are often instrumental to solving a case.
Alien
Is any person who is not a United States citizen.
A drug
Is any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
Abuse
Is any willful act or threatened act that results in any physical, mental, or sexual injury or harm that causes or likely to cause the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired. Includes acts or omissions.
Abuse of a disabled adult or elderly person
Is any willful or threatened act by a caregiver that significantly impairs or is likely to impair a vulnerable adult's physical, mental, or emotional health.
Evidence
Is anything that tends to prove or disprove an alleged fact.
The presence of VGN
Is associated with high doses of alcohol for that individual and certain other drugs.
An Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
Is defined as a written plan that describes the actions that an organization would take in response to various major events.
Nystagmus
Is defined as an involuntary jerking of the eyes, which can be caused by the use of alcohol and certain other drugs.
Shelter-in-place
Is defined as taking immediate shelter in a readily accessible location or remaining inside a structure to prevent exposure to a dangerous situation that exists outside of the structure.
Testimonial Evidence
Is evidence gathered from witnesses. Is generally less reliable than physical evidence because people perceive events differently, do not remember accurately, or lie.
BrAC
Is expressed as grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.
Moving surveillance
Is following a person of interest on foot or in a police vehicle.
Uttering
Is knowingly exhibiting or publishing a document to someone or attempting to cash a check by claiming the check and the endorsement is real.
A Plastic print
Is molded or imbedded fingerprint created by touching an IMPRESSIONABLE surface, such as wet paint or mud that you can easily see. 3-D.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Is one of several causes of SUID and is the most common cause of death in infants aged one month to one year in the United States. Occurs most commonly in infants two to four months of age and rarely after eight months of age. It occurs more frequently in African Americans, American Indians, and Alaska Natives than in Caucasians. It occurs suddenly and without warning, often during periods of sleep. Is a diagnosis of exclusion. Is a diagnosis that should be given only after all other possible causes of sudden, unexplained death have been ruled out by a thorough investigation.
Culpable negligence
Is recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the same consequences). Is more than a failure to use ordinary care for others; it is gross and flagrant negligence, committed with an utter disregard for the safety of others. Is consciously doing an act or following a course of conduct the suspect must have known or reasonably should have known, was likely to cause death or great bodily harm.
Nuclear detonation energy
Is released through light, thermal energy, shock waves, blasts of wind, direct radiation, and fallout.
A clue
Is something that leads to the solution of a problem, such as a fingerprint or DNA evidence.
The recipient
Is sometimes the most important witness and, therefore, should be located and interviewed as soon as possible.
A drug recognition expert (DRE)
Is specially trained and certified in investigations involving drug-impaired drivers. He or she will be able to testify in court in great detail and provide expert opinions regarding drug impairment.
Petit theft
Is taking something valued at less than $300. Is a misdemeanor; however, if the suspect has a third conviction, the court provides punishment for a third-degree felony.
Isolation
Is the ability to deny or restrict access to the involved area and remove uninjured and uncontaminated people from that area. All people should be instructed to move to an area upwind, uphill, and upstream from the contaminated area to a secure position.
Metabolism
Is the biological process by which the body breaks alcohol down into compounds that are more readily eliminated.
A trial
Is the examination of facts and related law presided over by a judge or other magistrate who has the authority or jurisdiction to hear the matter.
Coercion
Is the exploitation of authority or the use of bribes, threats of force, or intimidation to gain cooperation or compliance.
Kidnapping
Is the least frequent while false imprisonment is more common occurrence often associated with domestic violence, armed robbery, and sexual battery crimes.
Arrest
Is the preferred response only with respect to the primary aggressor.
Absorption
Is the process by which alcohol enters the blood stream. The rate of alcohol varies based on many factors, including the person's weight and gender, whether and how much food he or she has eaten, and the alcohol concentration of the substances consumed.
Distribution
Is the process by which alcohol is carried via the bloodstream to the body's tissues and organs.
Domesticated
Is the process of the local court recognizing and adopting an out-of-state or county court order to be in effect within the local jurisdiction through a petition process.
Carjacking
Is the robbing of a person of his or her vehicle by the use of force, violence, assault, or by putting them in fear during the course of the robbery.
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)
Is the sudden and unexpected death of an infant due to natural or unnatural causes. Can easily be overlooked at first; however they can be explained after a careful and thorough investigation.
Discriminatory or Bias-based policing
Is the unequal treatment of any person-- including stopping, questioning, searching, detaining, or arresting a person--solely or primarily because of the person's race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. This behavior is illegal and will not be tolerated in law enforcement.
Polydrug use
Is using drugs from two or more drug categories simultaneously. Examples include drinking alcohol while smoking marijuana, sprinkling PCP on marijuana joints, or injecting heroin laced with cocaine. Such combinations often increase impairment.
Dating Violence
Is violence between individuals who have or have had a continuing and significant relationship of a romantic or intimate nature. The existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on the following: The existence of the relationship within the past six months The character of the relationship includes the expectation of affection or sexual involvement The frequency and type of interaction must occur over time and on a continuous basis during the course of the relationship.
____________ allows you to speak to the leader without the influence of the group.
Isolation
Organized Crime
It has a specific structure, usually hierarchical or paramilitary. Promotes public corruption, street crime, and gang activity and can have a significantly negative impact on the economy.
large
It is best to start with a __________ perimeter.
Separated
It is extremely important to keep victims, complainants, and witnesses _________________ in a criminal investigation.
Tear up
It is illegal to "________________" a citation after it has been issued.
Waive the review
It is not advisable to
In order to be deemed valid, a search warrant must meet what legal requirements?
It must be authorized and signed by a neutral magistrate or judge. Must be based on an affidavit that states sufficient facts to establish probable cause that evidence of a crime will be found in the place to be searched. The basis of the information in the affidavit must come from reliable sources. The affidavit may be anyone, but the person serving must have jurisdiction over the place chosen for service.
Wet Evidence
Items soaked with body fluids or living plant material, must either be air-dried, packaged in breathable containers such as paper bags, or both.
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The defendant forcibly, secretly, or by threat confined, abducted, or imprisoned the victim against his or her will. 2. The defendant had no lawful authority. 3. The defendant acted with intent to: a. hold for ransom or reward or as a shield or hostage, or b. commit or facilitate commission of (applicable felony), or c. inflict bodily harm upon or to terrorize the victim or another person, or d. interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function
Kidnapping, s. 787.01, F.S., Felony
Theft
Knowingly, obtaining, using, or endeavoring to obtain or use property of another with intent to deprive, temporarily, or permanently, the other person of the use of the property.
______ is an open wound in soft tissue that varies in depth and width
Laceration
An important part of dispersing crowds and resolving group incidents is determining the ___________ or ___________.
Leader; instigator
Intentionally touching in a lewd or lascivious manner the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks, or the clothing covering them or forcing or enticing a person to so touch the perpetrator.
Lewd or Lascivious Molestation
Major considerations that you should have when selecting the safest proper location to make a stop
Lighting Population Width of road and shoulder Traffic congestion Level of visibility Presence of hills and curves
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or breath alcohol concentration (BrAC)
Limit at which an individual is presumed impaired and cannot legally operate a vehicle.
The presentation of a number of individuals, which may include a known suspect, to a victim or witness in a non-suggestive manner for the purpose identification.
Live line-up
Meth labs
Locations where methamphetamine is manufactured. Which are not scientific laboratories in the traditional sense. Can be as small as a soda bottle or as large as a warehouse.
All FCIC/NCIC transactions are ______ and can be electronically retrieved upon request
Logged
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender loitered or prowled in a place at a time or in a manner not usual for law-abiding individuals. 2. Such loitering and prowling was under circumstances that warranted justifiable and reasonable alarm or immediate concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity.
Loitering or Prowling, s. 856.021, F.S., Misdemeanor
PERJURY
MAY BE DEFINED AS A FALSE STATEMENT THAT A PERSON MAKES UNDER OATH BUT DOES NOT BELIEVE TO BE TRUE. (GIVING FALSE EVIDENCE, FALSE STATEMENTS)
(DEA) DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
MISSION IS TO ENFORCE THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND TO RECOMMEND AND SUPPORT NON ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS AIMED AT REDUCING THE AVAILABILITY OF ILLICIT CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ON THE DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS.
(FBI) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
MISSION IS TO UPHOLD THE LAW THROUGH THE INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAW; TO PROTECT THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE AND TERRORIST ACTIVITIES; TO PROVIDE LEADERSHIP AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE TO FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES; AND TO PERFORM THESE RESPONSIBILITIES IN A MANNER THAT IS RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF THE PUBLIC AND FAITHFUL TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
Mild Level (Intellectual Disability)
Majority of people with an intellectual disability function at this level (may not be easily identifiable). Those at this level can learn academic and prevocational skills with special training and work in their community; they may not understand long range consequences or be able to make appropriate choices, but they do sometimes realize when they have done something wrong
Florida's natural geography
Makes it prone to certain types of environmental disasters, particularly hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wildfires.
Step 1 of Initiating the Traffic Stop
Maneuvering the patrol vehicle through traffic until safely catching up to the violator, and determining at what point to safely make the stop.
Class 8: Corrosive substances.
Materials in this category include acids, solvents, or other materials that may cause irreversible damage to human tissues.
The urine test
May determine if drugs are in the subject's system and are possibly causing the impairment.
Individuals over 65 years of age or those with back, leg, or inner ear problems
May have difficulty performing the Walk-and-Turn Test.
Burglary tools
May include screwdrivers, pliers, and wrenches, pry bars, or spark plugs, but can also be anything used to gain entry during a burglary such as a rock or concrete block.
A level of 0.08
May refer to the blood alcohol level (BAC) or the breath alcohol (BrAC) level.
Person authorized
Means an owner or lessee, or his or her agent, or any law enforcement officer whose agency has received written authorization from the owner or lessee, or his or her agent, to communicate an order to depart the property in case of a threat to public safety or welfare.
Intoxication
Means more than merely being under the influence of an alcoholic beverage. Means the defendant must have been so affected from the drinking of an alcoholic beverage as to have lost or been deprived of the normal control of his or her body, mental faculties, or both. Means same thing as drunk.
Deliver or delivery
Means the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled substance, whether or not there is an agency relationship.
In an overt search
Members of management and employees conduct a search of their works areas. This method is faster because the people most familiar with the area are conducting the search. Can, however, be inefficient and dangerous if personnel are not trained.
In a covert search
Members of management conduct a search without the knowledge or assistance of employees. This is the fastest type of search. However, it is not thorough and is unsafe due to untrained personnel searching and uninformed employees left in the building.
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently
Described as a hunch or gut feeling based on law enforcement training and knowledge
Mere Suspicion
Four standards of legal justification
Mere suspicion, reasonable suspicion, probable cause, proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Prison Gangs
Mexican Mafia, Aryan Brotherhood, Texas Syndicate are all examples of this type of gang
Put the burden of explaining the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights on the law enforcement officer. Failure to inform a person of these Constitutional rights during a custodial interrogation may result in an admission or confession not being allowed in court.
Miranda Decision
Any criminal offense with a maximum incarceration penalty in a county jail of up to one year
Misdemeanor
Carrying a Firearm in Violation of an Injunction, Battery, Act of Retail Theft, Traffic Offenses Related to Crash Investigation, Carrying a Concealed Weapon, Disorderly Conduct on Premises of Establishment, Theft from a Dining or Lodging Establishment, Trespass on School Grounds, Possession of Cannabis <20 grams, Stalking, Transit Fare Evasion, Criminal Mischief, Trespass on Certain Properties, Act of Domestic Violence, Violence of Injunction for Protection
Misdemeanor Exceptions
is a legal defense that is used when the accused does not possess the mental state required to commit a criminal offense because of a reasonably mistaken belief about the facts relating to the circumstances.
Mistake or ignorance of fact
Maybe conducted without a warrant even if there may be time to obtain a warrant, must be licensed, registered, and insured, and are easily moved, they have a reduced expectation of privacy, and does not have to occur at the same time as the stop. Probable cause is required.
Mobile Conveyance
Modus operandi
Mode of operating or MO, refers to how someone does something, usually repetitive in nature.
Examples of Incendiary Devices
Molotov cocktails and napalm.
A battery
Moves violence into the realm of physical contact, which is more dangerous to the victim.
Voluntary Muscles
Muscles used for deliberate acts, such as chewing, bending, and lifting are
Awareness-level responders
Must not attempt to extinguish a fire that involves hazardous materials.
System that contains information from records of stolen, abandoned and recovered property and wanted and missing person files for all 50 states, canada, the us virgin islands, puerto rico, and district of columbia
NCIC
The ________ hazardous materials file provides users with online information about hazardous materials
NLETS
What is the National Law Enforcement Telecommunication system?
NLETS
DOES STATING THAT "I DIDN'T MEAN ANYTHING BY IT" HAVE RELEVANCE TO A DETERMINATION OF WHETHER SEXUAL HARASSMENT OCCURRED?
NO
System that contains the sex offender registry for the nation
National crime information center
Failure to exercise the standard of care
Negligence is __________.
Duty to act, breach of duty, causation, damages
Negligence occurs if all of these conditions are present
Null
Neither drug has an effect on the indicator. For example, neither a Central Nervous System Stimulant nor a Narcotic Analgesic will cause Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN); therefore, HGN will not be present.
Examples of WMD include
Nerve agents such as sarin, and choking agents such as chlorine.
Only answer the question asked
Never volunteer unsolicited information;
A critical period of rapid growth and brain development in the first six months of life.
Ninety percent of SIDS cases occur during
Touch
Nonthreatening, noncustodial physical contact that can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command
15-30
Normal breathing rate for a child
12-20
Normal breathing rate for an adult
25-50
Normal breathing rate for an infant
100-120
Normal pulse rate for a child
60-100
Normal pulse rate for adult
120-160
Normal pulse rate for infant
A written order that may be issued by a law enforcement officer in lieu of a physical arrest requiring a person accused of violating the law to appear in the court at specified date and time.
Notice to Appear (NTA)
Upon arrival at security checks officers should: (2)
Notify dispatch Park their vehicle in a tactically sound location
Step 2 of Initiating the Traffic Stop
Notifying dispatch of the traffic stop.
HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENT
OFFICE CULTURE WHERE LEWD JOKE OR OTHER OFFENSIVE HABITS OCCUR.
CHAIN OF COMMAND
ORDER OF AUTHORITY WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION.
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA stands for
Phase One: Vehicle in motion
Observation of the driver operating the vehicle
In a bomb threat situation, the advisability of a search depends on different factors, including:
Obtaining permission to search a building or area The level of risk for those conducting the search Agency policy on officers searching for explosives. The credibility/amount of detailed provided in the threat. Additional threats or the possibility of secondary devices.
Air entering a blood vessel in the neck can cause stroke, heart attack, or pulmonary embolism. For deep lacerations, apply an _______ (airtight) dressing
Occlusive
pitch
Occurs during acceleration or braking and causes the transfer of a vehicle's weight from front to rear or rear to front
Child neglect
Occurs when a caregiver deprives a child of, or allows the deprivation of, necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical treatment, or allows the child to live in an environment when such deprivation or environment causes the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired or to be in danger of being significantly impaired.
Luring or enticing a child
Occurs when a person intentionally lures or entices, or attempts to lure or entice, a child less than 12 years of age into a structure, dwelling, or conveyance for other than lawful purposes.
A robbery
Occurs when a suspect takes property from a person by using force, violence, or assault. The suspect places the victim in fear, with the intent to deprive the victim, permanently or temporarily, of his or her right to the property, appropriating the property of the victim to the suspect's own use, or use of any person not entitled to it. Is a theft plus violence.
Sequential presentation
Occurs when an independent administrator presents individual photographs to the victim or witness one at a time.
Exploitation of a disabled adult or elderly person
Occurs when someone knowingly, by deception or intimidation, obtains or uses a disabled adult's or elderly person's funds, assets or property. The suspect's intent must be to deprive the person of the use, benefit, possession of the funds, assets, or property, or to benefit someone other than the disabled adult or elderly person temporarily or permanently.
Weaving
Occurs when the vehicle alternately moves toward one side of the roadway and then the other, creating a zigzag course. The pattern of lateral movement is relatively regular as one steering correction is closely followed by another.
roll
Occurs when turning. This shifts the vehicles weight from side to side
Criminal or noncriminal acts that are punishable under Florida law
Offense
but to further law enforcement's purposes of public safety, the safety of law enforcement officers, or the investigation and prosecution of criminal activity.
Officer must remember that the purpose of the seizure and forfeiture of contraband is never to obtain revenue,
What is the backup officer responsible for?
Officer safety concerns which include observing the officers interaction with the suspect, watching for hazards, and assisting in anything the primary needs
Note identifying features, including type, color, shape, and size of the device, as well as any names, labels, placards, chemical symbols, or signs indicating the type of explosive, then leave the area.
Officers should take a brief look at the device,
Ability, opportunity, and intent
Officers use three criteria for making deadly force decisions, they are:
Hate crime victims
Often react differently from victims of other crimes. Realizes the suspect targeted them because of a personal characteristic. May find you threatening if he or she is of another national origin or race, especially if you belong to the same race as the perpetrator. May be reluctant to talk if he or she perceives you are biased.
radial
On a conscious adult or child, check the ______ pulse
Brachial
On an infant, check the _____ pulse
Carotid
On an unconscious adult or child, check the ____ pulse
They may or may not present law enforcement identification to the officer who pulled them over.
On occasion, when undercover officers have been stopped for a traffic violation,
Turn on the emergency equipment
Once in a safe location to make the stop
determine if the person has access to weapons.
Once on scene at a potential suicide, immediately
Do not allow any unauthorized removal or altercation of any evidence
Once the crime scene perimeter is established,
What action must an officer take when consent is withdrawn at anytime during the search?
Once withdrawn, the officer must stop searching immediately. The scope of consent can be limited as well.
Incident Command System (ICS)
One of the techniques used to maintain organization and complete response objectives. Is a standardized, on-scene, all-hazards approach to incident management that integrates the operation of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications under a common organizational structure.
Active shooter
One or more individuals participating in a random or systematic killing spree demonstrating their intent to harm others with a firearm.
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. An adult was in control of the residence. 2. The adult knowingly allows a social gathering. 3. The possession or consumption of alcoholic beverages or controlled substances by one or more minors occurs during the gathering.
Open House Party, s. 856.015, F.S., Misdemeanor
Areas of someone's property where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy.
Open fields
_____ is when the skin at the injury sight is broken, and then one may protrude through the skin
Open fracture
Statutes enacted by municipal (city) or county government are know as what?
Ordinances
White
Other (provides information on any special hazards of the material)
(CJSTC) CRIMINAL JUSTICE STANDARDS AND TRAINING COMMISSION
PROVIDE THE REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION PROCESS.
MARSHAL SERVICE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT?
PROVIDING PROTECTION FOR THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY, TRANSPORTING FEDERAL PRISONERS, PROTECTING ENDANGERED FEDERAL WITNESSES, MANAGING ASSET SEIZED FROM CRIMINAL ENTERPRISES, AND PURSUING AND ARRESTING FEDERAL FUGITIVES.
Psychological disorder that occurs after a person experiences a highly stressful event
PTSD
Upon arrival at a roadway obstruction:
Park the patrol vehicle in a location to protect yourself and the public
______ or second degree burns damage the first two layers of skin, which blister and feel very painful
Partial thickness burns
RIP-NOT.
Patrol officers are typically trained to respond at the awareness level and have only four responsibilities or goals, sometimes abbreviated as
Area surrounding an incident that officers may cordon off to prevent unauthorized people from leaving or entering
Perimeter
Plain feel doctrine
Permits an officer to seize any object "whose contour or mass" he or she identifies as apparent contraband during a pat down
If the property stolen is valued at less than $300, the offender commits the misdemeanor of what?
Petit Theft
Three Phases involved in DUI investigation
Phase One: Vehicle in motion Phase Two: Personal Contact Phase Three: Pre-arrest Screening
Where is NLETS located?
Phoenix Arizona
A presentation of a series of photographs to a victim or witness in a non-suggestive manner for the purpose of identifying a suspect.
Photographic Array
Regular _______ is a good source of stress relief
Physical exercise
refers to actual objects which may be offered to prove facts about a case.
Physical or real evidence
______ is a disk-shaped inner lining of the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing fetus
Placenta
_____ is the third stage where the placenta separates from the uterus and moves through the birth canal for delivery
Placental
Any contraband an officer can see can be seized without a warrant as long as three conditions are met: (1) the officer is lawfully present in the place where he or she sees the item, (2) the item is in plain sight, and (3) the officer has probable cause to believe that the item is contraband or crime evidence.
Plain View
The law presumes that a search without a warrant is invalid; however there are a number of exceptions which require probable cause which are what?
Plain view, mobile conveyance, exigent circumstances
Inhalant abuse is an example of
Poison by inhalation
Hydrochloric acid entering through the surface of the skin is an example of
Poisoning by absorption
Food poisoning is an example of
Poisoning by ingestion
Snake and spider bites are examples of
Poisoning by injection
Two door widths apart so that all vehicle doors can open completely
Position all back up vehicles
12-15 inches
Position the stimulus approximately ________ from the subject's nose and slightly above the eye level.
A stop made by an officer on the basis of a traffic infraction when there is not enough information for reasonable suspicion to make the stop but for the purpose of investigating other, more serious criminal activity.
Pretext Stop
Containing a threat and awaiting the arrival of SWAT teams.
Previous response options revolved around
A restriction
Printed on a Florida driver's license, may limit a driver from operating certain types of motor vehicles or require that he or she meet certain conditions when driving any motor vehicle.
Permit the victim to review the final report, and provide a statement as to the accuracy of the final report.
Prior to submitting a final report,
Police assignments include facilitating evacuations and providing traffic control and direction.
Prior to the onset of a natural disaster,
Discourages criminal activity through an officer's visibility
Proactive patrol
A fair probability or reasonable grounds to believe that someone committed a crime, based on the totality of the circumstances.
Probable Cause
Also called an arrest affidavit - is a sworn, written statement by a law enforcement officer establishing certain facts and circumstances to justify an arrest. This document is used by the judge to determine if there was sufficient probable cause to detain the individual.
Probable Cause Affidavit ( elements of the crime)
The U.S. Supreme Court asserts what about probable cause?
Probable cause exists where the facts and circumstances within the arresting officer's knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed... we deal with probabilities. They are factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act. Draper v. U.S., 385 U.S 307 (1959)
The many industries where you can find trafficked victims,
Prostitution Exotic dancing Agricultural work Domestic work and child care Begging/street peddling Construction work Hotel housekeeping Nail salons Interstate rest areas and truck stops Massage parlos Pornography Landscape work Factory work Restaurant work Carnival work Day labor Social networking websites
Good Samaritan Act
Protects a civilian first aid provider from liability for medical care performed in good faith or medical care similar to that expected of another first aid provider with equal training
HIPAA
Protects the rights of patients and the release of patient information
Proper lighting
Provides good exposure for the photograph, so that it is neither too dark nor too light for the visibility of detail.
The fire subsection
Provides guidelines to all levels of responders.
The crime scene log
Provides proof of security and validates the evidence collected at a crime scene.
The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Provides refusal affidavits to law enforcement agencies.
The 13th Amendment
Provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist on U.S. soil.
are damages awarded in addition to actual damages when the defendant acted with recklessness, malice, or deceit.
Punitive damages
Recognition and identification, Isolation, Protection, NOTification
RIP-NOT stands for
Block
Reactionary techniques using the arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect a subject's impending strike to other certain areas of the body
Taking a responsive or after-the-fact role in dealing with crime
Reactive patrol
Yellow
Reactivity
Occupancy
Refers to a structure and its use; some examples are manufacturing facilities, storage facilities, retail establishments, and residences.
Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)
Refers to an involuntary jerking occurring as the eyes move toward the side. Provides the first and most accurate test in the Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery.
Militias
Refuse to recognize the authority of municipal, state, and federal governments
Upon arrival at location for well-being check: (2)
Relay to dispatch if any vehicles are present Conduct a brief search of premises
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of resisting an officer with violence: 1. The offender knowingly and willfully resisted, obstructed, or opposed the victim (officer) by offering to do him or her violence or by doing violence to him or her. 2. At the time, the victim (officer) was engaged in the execution of legal process or lawful execution of a legal duty. 3. At the time, the victim was an officer.
Resisting Officer with Violence, s. 843.01, F.S., Felony
Allows officers the opportunity to respond to the problem by working with people who live and work in the community, businesses, and public agencies.
Response
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender knowingly did one of the following: a. took possession of or carried away merchandise b. altered or removed a label or price tag from merchandise c. transferred merchandise from one container to another d. removed a shopping cart from a merchant's premises 2. The offender intended to deprive the merchant of the possession, use, benefit, or full retail value of the merchandise or shopping cart.
Retail Theft, s. 812.015(1), F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony
Common materials used in the manufacture of incendiary devices are
Roadway flares, gasoline/motor oil, and glass containers or light bulbs.
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender took the money or property from the victim or from custody of the victim. 2. The property taken was of some value. 3. The victim was or became aware of the act in the course of the taking. 4. The taking was with the intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of his or her right to the property or any benefit from it.
Robbery by Sudden Snatching, s. 812.131, F.S., Felony.
The State must prove the following four elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender took the money or property from the victim or from custody of the victim. 2. Force, violence, assault, or putting in fear of violence was used in the course of the taking. 3. The property taken was of some value. 4. The taking was with the intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of his or her right to the property or any benefit from it.
Robbery, s. 812.13, F.S., Felony
Plus one
Rule of safety. The officer should focus on the observed suspects and the "plus one" that may be assumed to be hiding.
Riley v California
Ruled that is unconstitutional to search a cell phone without a search warrant unless there are officer safety concerns or exigent circumstances
Mode that can be used so law enforcement agencies may practice the problem solving aspect of community policing
SARA
QUID PRO QUO
SOMETHING FOR SOMETHING IN RETURN
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ANOTHER TERM FOR "CERTIFIED" IS?
SWORN
Evidence by performing a 360-degree visual sweep of the perimeter.
Scan the area surrounding the body for potential hazards or
Takes a broad, intensive view of a particular area or series of events to describe community problems accurately
Scanning
What are the four key elements to the SARA model
Scanning Analysis Response Assesment
While conducting a search warrant, adhere to the __________.
Scope
If you are on foot and come under sniper fire, what should you do?
Seek immediate cover, call for assistance, and determine a safe approach for responding officers
_____ symptoms range from a blank stare into space or random shaking to twitching extremities or whole body muscle contractions and may cause mild to severe convulsions
Seizure
Step 3 of Initiating the Traffic Stop
Selecting a safe location to stop.
When making contact with the disorderly or irate person:
Separate the person from any obvious sources of agitation
Make a bad situation even worse
Separating family members during crisis might
Grid search pattern
Series of squares. The most important indoor scene. Often used indoors; a variation of the strip/line search pattern. Searchers overlap a series of lanes in a cross pattern, making the search more methodical and thorough.
means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object; however, does not include an act done for a bona fide medical purpose.
Sexual Battery, s. 794.011, F.S., Felony
______ is the failure of the heart and blood vessels to maintain enough oxygen rich blood flowing to vital organs of the body
Shock
National Study of Police Suicide (NSOPS) states that the suicide rate among criminal justice professionals is higher than the amount of officers ______ and killed in the line of duty
Shot
The primary officer
Should also choose a site with enough roadway width to accommodate two or more patrol vehicles. Will coordinate the stopping site once the backup units have arrived.
The most of the primary patrol vehicle
Should be angled towards the center of the suspect vehicle
The complainant and the owner/representative of the building or threatened area
Should be interviewed. Ask these individuals to meet the officer away from the threatened area. Sources of additional information may include witnesses or key people, such as custodians or security personnel with special knowledge about the area.
The initial search
Should include buildings and areas where someone last saw the missing person
Information collected
Should include the nature of the complaint, the means of the threat and time it was received, the alleged time of detonation, a description of the device, the location of the device, and the identity of the threat recipient.
Sketches
Should include the statement "Not to scale" unless you are prepared to testify that every item is precisely drawn to scale on the sketch.
A high risk stop
Should only be conducted alone if the driver's action force it (for instance, the occupant's behavior or vehicle movement places the public at immediate risk)
Occurs when a law enforcement officer locates a suspect a short time after the commission of an offense and attempts to get a one-on-one identification of the suspect in the field by the victim or witness.
Show-up
Informational alerts
Signal an officer about a person's health condition or public safety status.
Officers must include __________, __________, and __________ on all copies of civil processes
Signature; date; time
START stands for :
Simple triage and rapid treatment
Divided attention
Simply means the ability to concentrate on two or more tasks at the same time.
An officer may take juveniles to an adult jail or police lockup for temporary custody for no more than ________ for fingerprinting aslong as the juvenile is out of sight and hearing of adults
Six hours
Visual Cues to DUI
Slowed reactions Impaired vision Poor coordination Impaired judgement as evidenced by a willingness to take risks
Telegraphing
Small eye, hand, or foot movements in the direction that an officer plans to move
High risk
Smell, touch, and taste are considered __________ and should never be used to identify a hazardous material.
bloodshot eyes alcohol containers
Some specific DUI clues detectable by sight include:
Vice crimes
Sometimes called "victimless crimes," activity includes offenses such as prostitution, gambling, alcohol and tobacco violations, and pornography.
Requires an expectation of a particular result, which requires a heightened mental state of intent to commit the act.
Specific Intent
The State must prove that the offender willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly the following. 1. Harass means to engage in a course of conduct directed at a specific person which causes substantial emotional distress to that person and serves no legitimate purpose. 2. Cyber-stalk means to engage in a course of conduct to communicate, or cause to be communicated, words, images, or language by or through the use of electronic mail or electronic communication, directed at a specific person, causing substantial emotional distress to that person and serving no legitimate purpose.
Stalking, s. 784.048(2), F.S., Misdemeanor
s. 806.101, F.S.,
States that anyone who, without reasonable cause, makes a false alarm of fire is guilty of a misdemeanor for the first conviction and a felony for any subsequent convictions. Any later convictions of making a false alarm of a fire will constitute a third-degree felony.
Set forth in Article VI, the supremacy clause states what?
States that when laws conflict, federal law generally overrules state and local law.
FCIC includes information about -....
Statewide information on people and property Drivers license and registration information Wanted and missing persons Stolen guns, vehicles and other property Person's status files and computerized criminal histories
Written and enacted by Congress, state legislatures, or local governing authorities in response to a perceived need. Includes civil, criminal, administrative, and regulatory laws.
Statutory Laws
______ is gross removal of an appendage
Amputation
Pepper spray
An inflammatory agent that causes tearing and involuntary closing of the eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and perceived respiratory distress; also know as OC
What is NLETS?
An international justice and public safety information sharing network
1. The accused fails or refuses to sufficiently identify him- or herself or supply the required information. 2. The accused refuses to sign the notice to appear. 3. The officer has reason to believe that the continued liberty of the accused constitutes an unreasonable risk of bodily injury to the accused or others. 4. The accused has no ties with the jurisdiction reasonably sufficient to assure his or her appearance, or there is substantial risk that the accused will refuse to respond to the notice. 5. The officer has any suspicion that the accused may be wanted in any jurisdiction. 6. The accused has previously failed to respond to a notice or a summons or has violated the conditions of any pretrial release program.
An officer may issue a notice to appear, expect in any of the following circumstances:
Officer presence
An officer's ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that he or she is ready and able to take control
Notifying and updating other units as the incident develops, establishing the initial perimeter, and communicating with dispatch as the incident unfolds.
An officers responsibilities as first responder to a CBRNE incident might include
The following are indicators of chemical suicide
An unresponsive or sleeping person in a vehicle Warning sign(s) taped to doors or windows Unusual odors such as rotten eggs, sulfur Suicide note inside the vehicle Pennies in the area tarnished with residue A bag over the subject's head Household cleaning or pesticide containers Buckets for mixing chemicals A vehicle's inside door handles removed Tape or towels sealing a door or air vents Yellow-green or white residue on vehicle seats, dashboard, or windows.
An officer works to determine the cause of the problem by collecting information from various sources
Analysis
When stung by certain insects, highly allergic people need immediate medical care for _____, a severe allergic reaction in which the air passages swell and restrict breathing
Anaphylaxis
Any CDL driver over a .02 BAC
Any driver in violation of this section must be placed out-of-service immediately for a period of 24 hours. Have a responsible party pick up the vehicle or have the vehicle towed, depending on the situation and agency policy.
Cardiovascular training
Any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range between 60 and 85 percent of the maximum rate
Stop or stopping
Any halting of a vehicle
Impact weapon
Any object used for striking
"DANGEROUS"
Anything that holds two or more classes of hazardous materials must display the __________ placard and may use it instead of the specific placard for each class of material. The classification and amount of hazardous materials being transported restrict the use of this placard. Materials such as explosives and toxic gases cannot use the _______________________ placard.
What should officers do when approaching a vehicle?
Approach carefully on foot and check for occupants
95%
Approximately __________ of active shooters have historically been males and typically work alone,
Crime scene sketches
Are a means of documentation that aid in the reconstruction, explanation, and permanent recording of an incident.
Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs)
Are a series of standardized validated psychophysical tests given by law enforcement to determine chemical impairment.
Mail bombs
Are a special class of suspicious items. These could be delivered by the United States Postal Service, a commercial delivery service, or by hand. Can be difficult to detect. Some possible signs are envelops or packages that are rigid, have excessive postage, are unevenly packed, or are packed with excessive securing material. May also bear oily stains, discoloration, protruding wires, or strange odors.
Latent prints
Are among the most valuable types of physical evidence and one of the most common types of evidence you will recover at a crime scene. Although generally INVISIBLE to the naked eye, latent prints result form body residue left behind when the friction ridges of the hands or feet make contact with a surface.
Class 1: Explosives
Are materials or devices designed to release energy very rapidly. Emergency responders should consider all ________________ to be extreme hazards when they are involved in or near a fire. Some examples of ______________ materials are dynamite, black powder, and small arms ammunition.
Class 2: Gases
Are materials that are neither solid nor liquid at ordinary temperatures; they are contained under pressure. They may be flammable, non-flammable, poisonous, or corrosive. Some examples of potentially hazardous _______ are acetylene, hydrogen, and anhydrous ammonia.
Confidential informants
Are people who furnish police with information about crimes, primarily because of the expectation of some personal benefits or advantage, and rarely out of a sense of civic duty.
Patent prints
Are transferred the friction ridges on fingers by a foreign substance like blood, paint, or dirt, and are easily VISIBLE.
_____ is bright red blood spurting from a wound due to a damaged artery
Arterial bleeding
One and a half to two car lengths behind the violator's vehicle
As general rule, the patrol vehicle should be positioned
False Imprisonment
As outlined in s. 787.02, F.S., Occurs when the suspect forcibly, by threat, or secretly confines, abducts, imprisons, or restrains another person without lawful authority and against his or her will with any purpose other than those referred to in kidnapping.
Prohibits excessive bails and fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The Eight Amendment
Best known for prohibiting compelled self-incrimination. It also requires a grand jury indictment for capital crimes and prohibits double jeopardy and deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process law.
The Fifth Amendment
Protects the freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion.
The First Amendment
Expanded the Bill of Rights to the state and local government.
The Fourteenth Amendment
Prohibits unreasonable search and seizure and generally requires a warrant signed by an independent magistrate (judge)
The Fourth Amendment
Holds that evidence gathered with the assistance of illegally obtained information must be exclude from trial is know as what?
The Fruits of the Poisonous Tree doctrine
Applies to an officer's actions in conducting a search pursuant to a search warrant. If the officer execute a search warrant they believe to be valid and a court later determines to have legal error, any seized evidence may still be admitted.
The Good Faith Doctrine
The next level above consensual encounter is what?
The Investigative, or Terry, stops
Instructions Stage and Balance and Counting Stage.
The One-Leg Stand consists of two stages:
Rule allows officers to seize the contraband even if it does not feel like a weapon, does not permit any manipulation or groping of the object in an effort to identify it as contraband.
The Plain touch / feel doctrine
Guarantees the right to bear arms
The Second Amendment
Guarantees the right to be informed of the nature the charges, receive counsel, undergo a speedy and public trial, confront witnesses, and face impartial jury.
The Sixth Amendment
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)
The Supreme Court declared that no state can limit this constitutional right; every person is entitled to be treated the same under similar circumstances.
35
The TASER device has the ability to reach a subject up to how many feet?
Instruction Stage and Walking Stage
The Walk-and-Turn consists of two stages:
Involuntary muscles
The _____ or smooth muscles carry out many automatic body functions
skin
The _____ serves as the protector covering for the inside of the body and helps regulate body temperature
1,000
The _________ foot rule for evacuations can also be used for parking a patrol vehicle. If there is a compelling reason, an officer can move in closer than _______ feet.
higher echelon personnel
The ___________ of the organization are relatively immune from liability for their criminal behavior, or insulated.
1-888-356-4774
The activation process requires the local law enforcement agency to contact the MEPIC at _______________ the clearinghouse will contact FDOT to activate the dynamic message signs.
Age of 25
The age at which most psychologists believe that the brain is fully developed
Reaction time principle
The amount of time it takes for the brain to process a physical threat and for the body to respond
Danger zone
The area within the reactionary gap
Which may assist in preventing a crossfire situation
The backup officer should approach along the passenger side of the primary officer's patrol vehicle,
Lividity
The color change due to settling of blood according to gravity
constructive possession
The controlled substance is in a place over which the suspect has control, or in which the suspect has concealed it
Actual Possession
The controlled substances is in the hand of or on the suspect, or in a container in the hand of or on the suspect, or so close as to be within ready reach and is under the control of the suspect
Disengagement
The discontinuing of commands or the physical use of force; breaking away from a subject
Reactionary gap
The distance an officer must keep between him or herself and the subject in order to react effectively against a sudden threat
Protective action distance
The evacuation subsection also gives information about how far people should stay from a spill.
Communication
The exchanging of information through verbal and nonverbal methods; provides valuable insight into the likelihood of cooperation and compliance of a subject
Some common recognized sources for officers to rely on.
The fellow officer rule, a citizen informant, corroborated (verified) anonymous tips, reliable and credible confidential information, line-ups, and show-ups
An exterior search of the building perimeter followed by searching evacuation routes, evacuee collection points, staging areas, and command posts.
The first step in conducting the search should be
Watchman Grip
The flashlight is held in the support hand with the illuminating end projecting from the index finger side of the hand. The thumb controls the on/off switch with a side-mounted switch near the front of the flashlight; the little or ring finger controls it with a side-mounted switch near the back of the flashlight
An officer may be able to identify a material using the ERG by finding any one of the following
The four digit number on the placard or orange panel on the container The name of the material on the shipping papers or packaging The number of the material on the shipping papers or packaging.
Emergency Response Guidebook
The guidebook's purpose is to aid in the identification of materials, outline basic actions for first responders, recommend areas of protective action, and give responders an initial safety plan.
Incendiary Devices consist of
The ignition source, the combustible filler material, and a housing/container.
s. 322. 34, F.S.
The license may not be faded, altered, mutilated, or defaced.
Femur
The longest, strongest bone in the body is called the
Columbine High School in 1999
The main objective of a law enforcement response to an active shooter incident has change since the attacks at
s. 790.166, F.S.,
The manufacture, possession, sale, delivery, display, use, or attempted or threatened use of a weapon of mass destruction or hoax weapon of mass destruction is prohibited.
Signature marks
The marks left on subjects body after drive stun weapon can be fired
Coffee filters, two-liter bottles, blenders, lithium batteries, red-tipped matches, cold tablets, camp stove fuels, drain cleaner, brake fluid, and bleach.
The material used are readily available items such as
Three
The maximum number of clues that may appear in one eye is
Six
The maximum total number of clues that may appear for any subject is
Amp (ampere)
The measure of electrical current or power
The standardized criteria for initiating the Florida Silver Alert Place
The missing person must be 60 years or older, there must be a clear indication the individual has an irreversible deterioration of intellectual faculties, and law enforcement must verify this information. or Under extraordinary circumstances, when a person age 18 to 59 has irreversible deterioration of intellectual faculties, law enforcement has determined the missing person lacks the capacity to consent, and the use of dynamic message signs may be the only possible way to rescue the missing person.
Bird's-eye-view (or downward observation perspective)
The most common method of sketching.
Triangulation
The most common method of surveying (measuring and documenting) objects within the crime scene.
Forgery of the signature or endorsement on a check, use of a fictitious name, forgery by altercation, and check washing.
The most common types of forgery law enforcement officers encounter are
Dusting them with one of several types of powder, which develops the print and make it visible.
The most common way to process latent fingerprints is by
Strip/line search pattern
The most popular outdoor scene. Usually used outside by several people. Divide the search area into lanes. Have one or more people search each lane by moving in both directions, examining all areas.
driving without headlights
The observed vehicle is being driven without headlights during a period of the day when headlights are required.
Lack of smooth pursuit:
The officer can observe the eyes of an impaired person jerk or bounce as the eyes follow a smoothly moving stimulus, such as a pencil or penlight. In contrast, the eyes of an unimpaired person will follow smoothly like a marble rolling across a smooth pane of glass.
Document these details in the crime scene log: the name, rank, and agency of each person entering or leaving the scene, the date and time of the person's entry or exit, and the reason the person was at the scene
The officer posted at the access point must
Part Three (Pink)--Officer Copy
The officer/agency retains this paper form to maintain accountability, to maintain a record of the court's action, and for officers to make notes for testifying in court. An officer may wish to retain a copy for court purposes.
Sympathetic nervous system
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned especially with preparing the body to react to situations of stress or emergency
Parasympathetic nervous system
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with controlling the body during normal, routine situations
Popped or Damaged ignition
The plastic housing around the column's base has been popped open, exposing ignition bars that can be pulled forward to start the car. It also means that the key portion was removed from the ignition key area, allowing the ignition bar to be exposed.
Algor mortis
The postmortem cooling of the body
Cycle (cycling)
The predetermined amount of time (usually five-seconds) that a stun device will discharge automatically when activated.
Assist the fire fighters and the fire marshal in their investigation and to maintain crowd and traffic control.
The primary responsibility of an officer after the arrival of fire department personnel is to
Fluid shock principle
The principle that describes the result of strikes that are delivered utilizing penetration of the muscle or nerves of the target area so that the striking object stays on or indented in the target for an instant, which allows for a full transfer of kinetic energy that displaces the water content in the muscle and creates a shock wave, greatly multiplying the effect of the strike by producing intense pain and immobilizing the subject
Prevent accidental triggering or detonation of a bomb designed to be set off by radio waves.
The purpose of avoiding radio use is to
Pursuit Immobilization Technique (PIT)
The purpose of this technique is to stop a violators vehicle by using the police vehicle to apply force to either the rear right or left side of the violators vehicle to end the pursuit. What technique is it?
Who is responsible for the accuracy, timeliness, and completeness of the records that are entered into FCIC, aswell as the removal when it is no longer valid
The specific agency
Resolution Stage
The stage of a crisis in which a solution is achieved
Emotional Blockage Stage
The stage of a crisis in which the person cannot cope with the situation rationally; this inability to cope, combined with the loss of problem-solving skills leads to diminished self-esteem. A downward cycle begins in which failure to cope lowers self-esteem and lowering self-esteem interferes with the ability to cope
Accommodation Stage
The stage of a crisis in which the person in crisis is open to suggestions and is willing to try a new option
Recognition Stage
The stage of a crisis in which the person realizes he or she is unable to cope with the situation; emotions may range from anger to rage, from fear to panic, all leading to confusion
Attempted Resolution Stage
The stage of a crisis in which the person struggles to resolve the situation using methods that worked in a previous similar situation; these methods, however, may not always work and the person's failure to resolve the problem leads to the emotional blockage stage of crisis response
Although probable cause supporting a person's commission of a crime may exist, without further evidence, the state may take what action?
The state may not be able to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt, therefore the case may not be filed by the prosecutor.
Rigor mortis
The stiffening of body muscles after death
Aggressive
The subject balls up his fist and approaches the officer is an example of ________ resistance.
Active resistance
The subject braces or pulls away from the officer when the officer grips the subject's arm is an example of ________ ________.
Opportunity
The subject is capable of acting on a plan to cause death or great bodily harm
Certain traits that are common to active shooters
The subject may be socially isolated, have feelings of hate and anger, or have a history of mental health problems.
Passive
The subject peacefully protests at a political event in a public location is an example of ________ resistance.
Active
The subject physically anchors himself to a person or object to prevent himself from being removed is an example of ________ resistance.
Kidnapping
The suspect acted with intent to do at least one of the following: •Hold for ransom or reward or as a shield or hostage •Commit or help with the commission of a felony •Inflict bodily harm upon or to terrorize the victim or another person •Interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, the Walk-and-Turn, and the One-Leg Stand
The three scientifically standardized and validated psychophysical (field) sobriety tests
yaw
The transfer of a vehicle's weight causing an end for end motion resulting in the vehicle turning 180 degrees on a horizontal plane
Grappling
The use of body mechanics to control a subject
Battery
The use of force against another, resulting in harmful nor offensive contact
Verbal direction
The use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a subject know what an officer needs or expects him or her to do
roadblock
The use of vehicles, barricades, cones, or other objects to block traffic flow completely
Straddling a Lane Line
The vehicle is moving straight ahead with the center or lane marker between the left-hand and right-hand wheels.
Compliance
The verbal and/or physical yielding to an officer's authority without apparent threat of resistance or violence
Command presence
The way an officer carries him or herself
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender knowingly and unlawfully obtained or used or endeavored to obtain or use the property of another. 2. The offender did so with intent, either temporarily or permanently, to deprive victim of his or her right to the property or any benefit from it with the intent to deprive the victim of its use, or appropriate the property of the victim to his or her own use or to the use of any person not entitled to it.
Theft, s. 812.014, F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony
The infant's skin is altered (Mottled, blue or gray) and the Infant's mouth or nostrils (Frothy, Blood-tinged mucus)
There are 2 signs too look out for when observing a SUID/SIDS baby
Fourth Amendment search warrant requirement
There is no crime scene exception to the
Requesting blood based on criteria per s. 316.1932(1)(c), F.S., and agency policy
There is reasonable cause to believe the individual was under the influence of alcohol or a chemical or controlled substance while driving or in actual physical control of a vehicle. The breath test was impractical or impossible to give. (Document the reason why.) The subject is at a medical facility for treatment.
Class 3: Flammable liquids (and combustible liquids)
These materials burn in the presence of an ignition source. Some examples are gasoline, diesel fuel, and acetone.
Class 7: Radioactive substances.
This category includes nuclear waste, __________ medical materials, and X-ray equipment.
Economic Crimes
This division is responsible for investigating all multi-circuit violations of the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act and works with the Federal Trade Commission when investigating national companies.
Part One (White)--Complaint--Retained By Court
This part is designed to serve as a sufficient complaint for both civil and criminal cases. Judges and clerks use this to document court actions taken on the reverse side of the form. A citation is required per F.S., s.316.650(3)(a) to be submitted to the Clerk of the Court within five days after issuance to the violator.
Part Two (Yellow)--Summons--Violator's Copy
This part is reserved for the traffic offender. The reverse side is to be used only to notify individuals charged with traffic infractions (not requiring a court appearance) as to what options they have when answering the offense charged.
two second rule
This rule applies at the posted speed limit and when weather and road conditions are good
Schedule I
This type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United States.
any evidence that may point to the suspect's innocence.
This type of evidence is known as exculpatory evidence.
Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation
This will be evident of an impaired person when the eye is held at maximum deviation for a minimum of four seconds. Some people exhibit slight jerking of the eye at maximum deviation even when unimpaired, but this will not be evident or sustained for more than a few seconds. When impaired by alcohol, the jerking will be more pronounced, sustained for more than four seconds, and easily observable.
Felony
To dig into an archaeological site to retrieve an object is a
Constantly observe the vehicle from the time of the violation until the stop is completed
To ensure that you are stopping the correct vehicle,
sell
To transfer or deliver something to another person in exchange for money or something of value or a promise of money or something of value
Second-degree felony
To unlawfully manufacture, possess, sell, deliver, mail, send, display, use, threaten to use, attempt to use, conspire to use, or make readily accessible to others a "hoax weapon of mass destruction". s. 790.163, F.S.
First-degree felony
To unlawfully manufacture, possess, sell, deliver, send, mail, display, use, threaten to use, attempt to use, conspire to use, or make readily accessible to others a weapon of mass destruction under s. 790.166, F.S.
A court review of all factors known to the officer at the time of the incident
Totality of Circumstances
Touch pressure
Touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies
That the trunk lid/hatch is closed and transfers the officer's fingerprints to the vehicle as evidence of contact.
Touching the rear of the violator's vehicle ensures
A _____ is a device that restricts blood flow to an extremity such as an arm or a leg
Tourniquet
Present when an intentional act harms an unintended second victim
Transferred Intent
The FCC prohibits people who use police radios , including dispatchers and law enforcement officers from-...
Transmitting non essential or excessive signals, messages, or communication Using profanity Willfully damaging radio apparatus Maliciously interfering with another units transmission Making unidentified transmissions Transmitting before the air is clear Adjusting, repairing or tinkering with a radio Transmitting a call signal, letter, or numerical not assigned to the station or unit
TSA
Transportation Security Administration
Both NCIC and FCIC are available -....
Twenty four hours a day, seven days a week
joint possession
Two or more suspects may jointly possess an article, exercising control over it. In that case, each of those suspects is in possession of that article
Double-Aught Buckshot/00 Buckshot
Type of Cartridge; 2 3/4-inch shell with nine .33 caliber lead pellets or a 3-inch magnum shell with twelve .32 caliber pellets; penetrates solid wood doors, drywall, and wood walls at close range
The __________ and ____________ of an alarm will dictate the officer's response and tactics:
Type; location
Right-wing extremist groups
Typically believe in racial supremacy and embrace anti-government and anti-regulatory beliefs
ICE
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
The Court ruled that a law enforcement officer may frisk the exterior clothing of someone lawfully detained if the officer has reasonable suspicion to believe that the person is armed. A frisk or pat down is not a full search, The scope of the frisk is limited to a pat down of outer clothing, containers, and property carried by the subject.
U.S. Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
UNWELCOMES SEXUAL ADVANCES, REQUEST FOR SEXUAL FAVORS, AND OTHER VERBAL OR PHYSICAL CONDUCT OF A SEXUAL NATURE.
USCIS
US Citizenship and Immigration Services
CBP
US Customs and Border Protection
The _____ connects the fetus to the mother and transports nourishment to the fetus
Umbilical cord
four second rule
Under poor road conditions or in inclement weather, what rule should officers use?
UTC
Uniform Traffic Citation
An officer may enforce parking laws by issuing a: (3)
Uniform traffic citation Municipal parking citation County parking citation
Suffocation (asphyxia), drowning, electrocution, hyperthermia, hypothermia, carbon monoxide poisoning, and homicide.
Unnatural causes can include
Obtain a general statement from the victim and immediately search the scene by conducting a walkthrough with the victim. Tell the victim how important it is to preserve evidence and process the crime scene according to agency policies and procedures.
Upon arrival at the scene of a burglary incident,
Disorderly conduct
Urinating in public is ______________, not an exposure of sexual organs. Is not a catchall statute.
The Florida Blue Alert Plan
Uses technologies employed by the Amber Alert Plan to notify the public of critical information when a law enforcement officer has suffered serious bodily injury, is killed, or mis missing while in the line of duty the suspect poses an imminent threat to the public.
Redirection
Using one's hands to move the subject away
The organ that holds the developing fetus is the
Uterus
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The offender passed or offered to pass as true a document (specified in statute). 2. The offender knew the document to be false, altered, forged or counterfeited. 3. The offender intended to injure or defraud some person or firm.
Uttering a Forged Instrument, s. 831.02, F.S., Felony
450 feet
Vehicle headlights should reveal a person how far away if the high beams are on?
150 feet
Vehicle headlights should reveal a person how far away if the low beams are on?
_____ dark red blood flowing steadily from a wound due to a damaged vein
Venous bleeding
Prior to placing a person in the patrol vehicle for noncustodial transport: (2)
Verify the person's identity Conduct a pat down for weapons
Stockholm syndrome
Victims of human trafficking often suffer form serious physical and psychological trauma. Dealing with trafficking victims requires patience because victims may not identify themselves as victims, speak English, or understand the concept of compelled services or slavery. Victims of human trafficking may exhibit ___________________, or behavior favorable toward or empathetic to their captors,
Crimes may be reclassified to the next higher degree when what factors are present?
Violent offenses committed against law enforcement officers, correctional officers, State Attorneys, Assistant State Attorneys, and judges. Wearing a mask, hood, etc. to conceal identity while committing a felony or misdemeanor Evidencing prejudice while committing a crime (hate crime) Possessing a weapon while committing a crime Unlawful taking, possessing, or using of a law enforcement officer's firearm during the commission of a crime
____________ is the highest priority for an officer when directing traffic
Visibility
The State must prove the following elements to convict a suspect of what? 1. The defendant secretly observed the victim. 2. The act alleged was done with a lewd, lascivious, or indecent intent. 3. When the victim was observed he/she was in a dwelling, structure, or conveyance in which he/she had a reasonable expectation of privacy. *Note: A second offense increases the crime to a felony.
Voyeurism, s. 810.14, F.S., Misdemeanor/Felony*
What may help minimize the chances of detection while on scene?
Walking in a low crouching position and taking a indirect route
Misdemeanor
Walking on an archaeological site and removing an object is a
The objective reasonableness test requires the officer to answer what two questions about level of force used in situation?
Was the action reasonable and necessary?, and was the amount of force applied reasonable and necessary?
The back neat the shoulders or the back of the legs where, if clothed. the clothing fits tighter and the probes will conduct electricity to the subject more effectively.
What are alternative target sites for the stun gun?
The chest area
What are should be avoided when firing the stun gun?
make adjustments to their meal time and lifestyle, eat smaller meals frequently throughout shift, and sufficient rest and sleep before a shift
What are some ways a police officer can improve awareness?
Flight, fight, posture, and submit
What are the four reactions to fear and stress?
pitch, roll, yaw
What are the three different vehicular motions?
Asymptomatic, symptomatic, AIDS
What are the three stages of HIV infection?
basic stun gun and the dart-firing stun gun
What are the two most common types of stun guns?
Initial Interviews Questions
What are you able to tell me about your experience? or What are you able to tell me about what happened? What are you able to tell me about the timeframe when it occurred? What do you remember about where it happened? Were there any witnesses present? Do you know the suspect? What did the suspect say? What are you able to recall about what the suspect looked like? or What can you tell me about what the suspect was wearing? Did the suspect display a weapon? Is any property missing? Have you used the restroom or showered since the attack? Have you changed clothing since the attack? If yes, where are those clothes?
776
What chapter governs all use of force by law enforcement?
Pursuit Immobilization Technique
What does PIT mean?
To disrupt the boys communication system by generating a high-voltage, low-amperage electrical charge
What is the basic idea of the stun gun?.
Pinellas Park v. Brown, 604 So2d 1222 (Fla. 1990)
What is the case in which the law enforcement has a duty to protect the public, not to warn them?
Browser v. Inyo, 489 U.S 593 (1989)
What is the case in which the police set up a roadblock by parking a 18-wheeler around a curve in the roadway?
The wider the probes spread
What is the greater effectiveness of the DFSG weapon?
overdriving of vehicle headlights
What is the most common night driving error?
Below the neck area for back shots and the lower center mass for the front or large muscle groups such as the back, buttocks, and legs.
What is the primary target of a subjects body?
The path of least resistance
What path does electricity follow?
Should be treated as biohazard sharps
What should be done when the probes have been removed?
Deadly
What type of resistance: A subject refuses to drop a knife when ordered to by the officer and moves towards the officer.
Active
What type of resistance: The subject attempts to run when the officer touches or attempts tot grab the subject's arm or shoulder.
Aggressive
What type of resistance: The subject pushes the officer back as the officer tries to take the subject into custody.
Passive
What type of resistance: The subject refuses to move at the officer's direction.
Passive
What type of resistance: The subject refuses to take his hands out of his pockets or from behind his back.
Impounded
When a vehicle is towed at the direction of law enforcement
Medical examiner (ME)
When any person dies in Florida by criminal violence, accident, suicide, suddenly, or through any suspicious or unusual circumstances, law enforcement must notify the
when the state attorney requests your appearance and agency's policies and procedures permit your attendance, and if there is a need to clarify or supplement the affidavit.
When do you have to attend a first appearance hearing?
emergency lights
When driving in emergency mode, ____ can increase the amount of glare encounter. the high intensity of the emergency lights easily reflects off objects
Scale, or Identifier
When photographing specific items such as blood drops, weapons, or tire marks, place a ______________ or ________________ in the photograph with the evidence to establish the original position and draw attention to relevant objects or evidence for photographing and sketching.
It is important to obtain as much information as possible from dispatch. This initial information guides an officer's actions upon arrival.
When responding to a bomb threat,
Few hours; they include abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
When ricin is ingested symptoms begin within a
to preventing additional people from entering the area rather than preventing victims from exiting.
When securing the scene at a CBRNE incident, give priority
When may a juvenile be allowed in the same vehicle as a adult prisoner?
When they are codefendants
carry the flashlight in your support hand and hold it away from your body to avoid presenting a clear target.
When using a flashlight to examine the perimeter of a building
Probes
Where is the path of least resistance on a Dart-Firing stun gun between the __________?
Hepatitis B
Which disease is present in dry blood for up to 2 weeks and is easily treatable by a vaccine?
Hepatitis C
Which disease is the most common blood borne infection in the United States and is transmitted through direct contact with human blood?
Trained medical professionals
Who is qualified to remove all deeply embedded probes or proves that penetrate sensitive tissue areas? (i.e, neck, groin, female breast, etc)
An effective report will have good content and proper formatting. Content relates to the material aspects of the case and the actions of its subjects, such as:
Who were you with? Who was involved? Who do you think did it? Who is the victim?
Said that the courts are not required to consider an officer's motives for stopping a vehicle as long as the officer had an objective basis for the stop
Whren vs US
Credibility
Will be the major issue in determining whether to search or evacuate. Unless a device is found, permission to search or evacuate must be given by the owner or building representative. In this case, the are has become a crime scene, and the officer will order a mandatory evacuation.
Agency policies
Will determine whether radio use is permitted.
The defense attorney
Will only ask questions that are reasonably relevant and important to the case.
Factors to consider when parking at a vehicle fire are: (3)
Wind direction/speed Traffic conditions Providing safe access for other responders
Offset position
You align the center of the patrol vehicle's hood with the left taillight of the violator's vehicle. If the stop occurs on the left side, the officer will align the center of the patrol vehicle's hood with the right twilight of the violator's vehicle. The wheels should be turned toward the road. If the situation escalates, having the patrol car in this ____________ may provide cover from potential skipping rounds shot from the violator's vehicle.
Firebomb
You may encounter someone who possesses, manufactures, transports, or disposes of a _________________ with intent to cause damage willfully and unlawfully by fire or explosion to a structure or property.
Cell phones
You may find __________ at crime scenes; however, you cannot access information contained in a _______________ unless you have a search warrant.
DUI arrest report
You must complete the Refusal Affidavit, notarize it, and forward it to the DHSMV as part of the
Swerving
___ is an abrupt turn away from a generally straight course. It might occur after a period of drifting when the driver discovers the approach of traffic in an oncoming lane or discovers that the vehicle is going off the road. It may also occur as the driver executes an abrupt turn to return the vehicle to the traffic lane.
traige
____ is to sort and classify patients based on medical need and priority
Carotid
_____ artery is in either side of the neck
radial
_____ artery is in the lower arm, felt near the wrist
Femoral
_____ artery is in the thigh, felt in the groin area
Brachial
_____ artery is in the upper arm, felt in the inside of the upper arm
foam, CO2
_____ fire extinguishers are best for paper or wood fires, while _____ fire extinguishers are more suited to flammable liquids.
glare
_____ from oncoming vehicles or other outside sources can temporarily blind a driver. when driving at night, human eyes adjust to the la k of light and use night vision. when the light suddenly changes, eyes need time to readjust
HIV, AIDS
_____ is a bloodborne virus that attacks the immune system which causes _____
Positional asphyxia
______ is a term used to describe the placement of a body in a position that interferes with the ability to breathe
MRSA
_______ is a type of bacteria that is highly contagious and resistant to certain antibiotics
Airborne infection
_________ is any infection spread from person to person through the air
DO NOT
________________ ask the victim accusatory questions that insinuate willingness or blame on the victim's part. _________________ ask inappropriate questions related to the victim's prior sexual experiences, whether the victim climaxed, the size of the suspect's penis, what the victim did to bring on the assault, whether the victim will take a polygraph or whether or not the victim enjoyed the assault.
Malfunction
a condition that prevents a weapon from operating normally
Self-Talk
a continual internal monologue that occurs when an individual evaluates events that are occurring
Ex Parte Order
a court order issues and signed by a judge that is initiated by one person in the absence of and without representation or notification of other parties
Frozen Cylinder
a cylinder that does not rotate
Personality Disorder
a deeply ingrained, non-physical, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and behaving which can cause distress to the people around the individual
Delusion
a false belief that is held in spite of obvious proof or evidence to the contrary
Physical or Mobility Impairment
a functional limitation that affects one or more of a person's limbs
Baker Act
a law that provides persons with mental illness access to emergency services and temporary detention for psychiatric evaluation and voluntary or involuntary short-term community impatient treatment
Marchman Act
a law that provides substance abusers access to emergency services and temporary detention for evaluation and treatment either on a voluntarily or involuntarily basis
Intellectual Disability
a lifelong condition characterized by slow intellectual development; cannot be cured
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
a mood disorder; a clinically diagnosed mental illness for someone having multiple, major depressive episodes that can last for several weeks, and do not include periods of persistent high moods
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness)
a mood disorder; alternating episodes of depression and mania
An interview is ?
a noncustodial meeting where information is obtained from a person
Criminal Street Gang Associate
a person who meets ONE of the criteria listed in s. 874.03(3), F.S.
Criminal Street Gang Member
a person who meets TWO or more of the criteria listed in s. 874.03(3), F.S.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a personality disorder; a lifelong pattern of behavior that violates rules, social norms, and the rights of others. Individuals with this disorder also seem to lack the capacity for empathy, guilt, and remorse (limited effective medical or psychological treatment for this personality disorder)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
a personality disorder; an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, or a desire to be feared or notorious; characteristics are dramatic emotional behaviors, difficulties with relationships, a lack of empathy for others, and being aggressive when challenged (no medications to treat this personality disorder, only psychotherapy)
Borderline Personality Disorder
a personality disorder; individuals with this disorder are significantly emotionally unstable, and are usually aware of their behavior, but lack the ability to control it; they often experience rapid and intense mood swings that typically involve angry, erratic, self-destructive, and impulsive behavior toward themselves and others (treatment is primarily psychotherapy, but there are medications that can help manage co-occurring problems such as anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness)
Addiction
a physical and/or psychological dependence on a substance
Barricade Position
a position behind cover
Sex-In
a prospect (usually female) must have sex with one or more members of the gang to be initiated
Silver Act
a public notification system that assists law enforcement in recovering lost elderly people after family members report them as missing; particularly helpful in locating elderly individuals with Alzheimer's, dementia, or other mental illnesses
Substantial Limitation
a restriction of the manner, condition, or duration in which one can perform major life activities compared to non-impaired people
Blank Round
a round designed for training or noise; the casing's cardboard material becomes a projectile when fired; the projectile cannot penetrate drywall or hollow doors but can penetrate soft body tissue
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
a severe anxiety disorder that develops after experiencing an extremely terrifying event
Crisis
a situation that is uncertain, difficult, or painful, especially when a person feels unprepared and pressured to take action or make a decision
Beat-in
a type of gang initiation where multiple members of the gang batter the prospective member for a predetermined length of time
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
a type of pervasive developmental disorder that is diagnosed in early childhood and continues throughout adulthood that is characterized by language and social development delay and self-regulating behaviors; more prevalent among males than females
Squib Load
a weapon malfunction that occurs when a lack of powder or a partial burn of powder causes the primer to ignite
Stacked Feed
a weapon malfunction that occurs when a round is in the chamber and the action is closed
Failure to Feed
a weapon malfunction that occurs when the cartridge fails to feed into the chamber
Failure to Fire
a weapon malfunction that occurs when the trigger is pulled, but the round fails to detonate
Double Feed (shotgun)
a weapon malfunction which is caused by a failure to extract the round in the chamber
Double Feed (handgun)
a weapon malfunction which is caused by a failure to extract the round in the chamber and a new round being fed from the magazine well
night vision
ability to see clearly in darkness
Mirroring
act as if you are looking into a mirror seeing the interviewee as a reflection of yourself
officers should write reports in ...
active voice
puncture
actual tear, detachment, or rip that looks like an opening in the case body
Department of Children and Families (DCF)
agency responsible for the safe placement of abused and neglected children
Central Nervous System Depressants
alcohol, antidepressants, barbiturates
Tagging
also known as graffiti; writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surfaces in a public area
Frangible
ammunition normally made of brass or copper dust held together with a resin material that disintegrates upon impact with steel or concrete; it can penetrate hollow core doors, drywall, or thin wood material
CNS stimulants
amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine
Hypervigilance
an enhanced state of awareness or "being on guard" that impedes one's ability to relax and disengage from a stressful situation
Panic Disorder
an extreme panic attack with a racing heartbeat, sweating, tension, and a feeling that something terrible is about to happen; may be accompanied by chest pain or discomfort, sweating, trembling, chocking, or a feeling that one is going to die
Mental Illness
an impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercises the conscious control of one's actions or the ability to perceive or understand reality
Developmental Disability
an incurable intellectual or behavioral impairment that shows itself BEFORE THE AGE OF 22 and is likely to continue indefinitely; people with this disability have substantial functional limitations in major life activities such as self-care, learning, mobility, the capacity to live independently, and the ability to be economically self-sufficient
Prospect
an individual who is generally accepted by a gang and may participate in gang activities during a probationary period with hopes of becoming a full-fledged member
Associates
an individual who is not officially a gang member but is accepted to some degree and participates on a limited basis in the gang's social and criminal activities
Phobias
an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as a fear of heights, spiders, or leaving home
Concealment
an object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between an officer and a threat but may not stop a projectile
Command Presence
an officer's demeanor and confidence exhibited by personal appearance,erect posture, alertness, and attention to surroundings which is developed through training and self-confidence
Dementia
an organic, progressive mental disorder characterized by a loss of memory, an impairment of judgment and abstract thinking, and changes in personality
some indicators of a sovereign citizen include
anti-government bumper stickers on vehicles, homemade vehicle registration tags on vehicles, presentation of fraudulent ID or claims to have no identification, spelling personal names in all capital letters or first and last names separated by a colon, signatures following by the words "under durress," "Sovereign Living Soul," or the copyright symbol
Hallucination
any sensory perceptions in which a person can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there
Cover
anything that creates a bullet-resistant barrier between an officer and a threat
law enforcement reports
are written in past tense
Minimal encouragers
brief statements which indicate that the officer hears what the interviewee is saying and is inclined to hear more examples go on and then, okay
Crimp
cartridge part; (shotgun only) the part of the case mouth that bends inward to grip the bullet; with shotgun shells, the term applies to the closure at the case mouth
Wad
cartridge part; (shotgun) the only part not found in any other centerfire cartridge; this is used to seal/confine gases; can be made of plastic or compressed cardboard
Round
cartridge part; complete ammunition cartridge that contains all parts of ammunition; a military term meaning one single cartridge
Headstamp
cartridge part; markings found on the head of ammunition that indicate the caliber or gauge and identify the manufacturer
Bullet
cartridge part; portion of the cartridge that becomes a projectile when in flight
Powder
cartridge part; propellant used in most firearms; produces a large volume of gas when ignited
Primer
cartridge part; small metal cup containing the detonating mixture used to ignite the propellant or powder charge
Rim
cartridge part; the edge on the base of a cartridge case that stops the progress of the case into the chamber
Post Traumatic Disorder (PTSD)
caused by a traumatic event such as war, natural disaster, sexual or physical assault, or the unexpected death of a loved one; characterized by lasting thoughts and memories of terror causing emotional numbness
what are the two ways notes can be organized
chronologically and categorically
what order does interviewing go in
complainant or victim then witnesses followed by suspect
closing stage
concludes the interview, thanks person for their time
What additional search warrant exceptions require less than probable cause?
consent, inventory, administrative, incident to arrest
slang
consists of informal non standard words often characterized by regional or specific group usage
Self-Stimulating Behavior
coping skills which may allow an overstimulated individual to calm down in a stressful environment or can provide an understimulated individual with sensory stimulation
The Introduction includes
date of incident, place of incident, assignment and arrival time, officers name , identities of those involved , officers initial ations
The pre-interview process includes
determining whom to interview , when to , the order of interview, where to interview, what info to obtain and how to record the interview
Illnesses that mimic substance abuse
diabetic shock, epileptic seizure, high blood pressure, Cerebral palsy and Wernicke syndrome, and alzheimer's and dementia.
dent
dimple or depression in the case; the case looks like someone struck it with a hard object, crushing part of it inward
Bless-in
due to a well-respected or high ranking family member, a prospective member is initiated into a gang
Hallucinogens
ecstasy, LSD, psilocybin
psychological stress
ego. an emergency call may cause you to exceed your ability or your vehicle ability to catch the offender at any cost or get there before anyone else
conclusion
explains how the officer resolved the situation or handled and obtained the information
manufacture
extracting from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis
Hybrid Gangs
gangs that are composed of members from other gangs uniting to form a gang
Traditional Gangs
gangs with a documented history, a written set of laws or codes that can have an organizational structure; they often have a leadership structure (implicit or explicit), codes of conduct, colors, special dress, signs, and symbols
Basic classifications of intent
general, specific, transferred, and criminal negligence
Harries Technique
handgun/flashlight method; hold the flashlight in your support hand and the handgun in your shooting hand. Then, put the backs of your hands together. with your hands braced together, you have more control over the handgun
Ayoob Technique
handgun/flashlight method; hold your hand out in front of you with your arms extended and hands pressed together at your thumbs. The light and handgun are side by side, so the light beam and handgun are parallel and point to the same place
incipient skid
happens just before the tires lose traction during braking. the tires lock, causing loss of steering control and a skid
Shedule II
have a currently accepted but severely restricted medical use in treatment in the US
Narcotic Analgesics
heroin, morphine, opium
right hand in the 4 o'clock position and their left hand in the 8 o'clock position
how is the recommended hand position in the steering wheel?
Conspiracy requires two or more parties with a criminal intent; therefore,
if one of the two parties is a law enforcement officer or agent, then a conspiracy does not exist.
hit the object with the side
if you cannot avoid hitting a fixed object or an oncoming vehicle, you should ___of the vehicle rather than head on
Major Life Activities
include caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working
scrape
indentation in the case that may weaken the case wall; makes a layer of the case wall metal look as if it has been scratched or torn away
Severe Level (Intellectual Disability)
individuals at this level of intellectual disability have very slow motor development and communication skills and frequently are under close and constant supervision or are living in a group home setting; usually encouraged to contribute to their own self-maintenance; however, they may not be fully capable of living independently
Transitional Gang Members
individuals or a group of members that come to prison and realign themselves with traditional and non-traditional gangs
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
intrusive thoughts and impulses resulting in ritualistic behavior, such as an excessive need to count, excessively wash their hands, or an extreme need to avoid dirt
cognitive interviewing
involves asking questions designed to reveal cognitive memory through the five senses when using cognitive technique ask interviewees questions related to who what where when why and how
Electronic Surveillance
involves monitoring a person of interest through tracking devices—cell phone or credit card use—which typically requires a court order.
Stationary surveillance
involves parking your vehicle some distance away in a location that allows an approach to the area on foot in a covert manner.
sentence
is a group of words that contain a subject a noun a verb and an object it expresses a complete thought
affirmation
is a solemn and formal declaration or assertion made in place of an oath
decreasing radius
is a turn that gets tighter during the turn much like a circle getting smaller
increasing radius
is a turn that gets wider during the turn much like a circle getting larger
what is an oath ?
is a vow or pledge to tell the truth regarding an incident or occurrence
pursuit
is an active attempt by an officer, driving an authorized emergency vehicle, to apprehend occupants of a motor vehicle of the offender increase vehicle speed, takes other evasive actions, or refuses to stop in an apparent attempt to avoid apprehension
wheel tracking
is an occurrence that causes the rear wheels to follow a tigher path than the ptb the front wheels traveled in a turn
Apostrophe
is another misused punctuation mark . An _____ is used to show possession or to create a contraction
BAC
is expressed in terms of grams of alcohol in every 100 milliliters of blood.
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
is involved in investigations of consumer fraud, especially in the areas of telemarketing and vehicle repair.
DCF
is reponsible for the safe placement of abused and neglected children, elderly, and disabled adults.
radius
is the distance from the center of a circle to the outside of the circle
caster effect
is the forward motion that causes a vehicle to straighten from a turn when releasing the steering wheel
Factors that influence the accuracy of an interview include _________.
isolation and privacy
Nonverbal Communication
language expressed through tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, and body language
corrosion
layering of the case with oxidation or foreign material, such as mold, fungi layers, congealed oil, and lubricants
Agency and local court policies may
limit the number of times a child can be interviewed; officers should be familiar with these policies.
Moderate Level (Intellectual Disability)
makes up about 10% of those with an intellectual disability; may develop coping skills to cover up their disability in an attempt to appear "normal"; may recognize their own needs and wants, but not readily identify the needs and wants of others, and have few relationships outside of family members and caregivers; these individuals can achieve a primary academic education and may be able to perform semiskilled work under direct supervision; can be independent in familiar surroundings, but may be easily frustrated with unfamiliar surroundings and circumstances; these individuals might have trouble describing events in chronological order and my not understand cause and effect; while they may understand that they have done something wrong, they may not grasp the significance of their actions
possession
means to have personal charge of or exercise the right of ownership, management, or control over the thing possessed. Possession may be actual or constructive.
1. take your foot off the accelerator to decrease speed 2. use evasive manuevers 3. apply the brakes 4. steering to a safe location in the direction you want to go
measures that you can take to avoid a crash;
The State of Florida Refusal Affidavit
must be completed in conjunction with a DUI Citation issued for a refusal to submit to a chemical test.
is failure to use due or reasonable care in a situation that results in harm to another.
negligence
Writing notes while interviewing a witness may cause an officer to
not hear some of the witness's statement.
Paper Terrorism
nuisance property liens, frivolous lawsuits, and false income reports filed by sovereign citizens often to retaliate against government officials
Primary stage
obtains information about the incident from the interviewee asks open ended questions in order to collect info
incipient spin
occurs just before the drive tires lose traction during acceleration. (the drive tires are the front tires on a front-wheel drive vehicle or rear tires on a rear-wheel drive vehicle)
Psychological Dependence
occurs when a person feels that he or she needs drugs to cope with problems, function better in life, or feel happier and can lead to physical addiction
Physical Dependence
occurs when a person is chemically and physically dependent upon the substance to maintain normal functioning, not just of the central nervous systems but of all systems
What kind of questions encourage conversation and require interviewees to think reflect and provide opinions and feelings
open ended questions
Narrative
paragraphs containing specific details pertinent information and elements of the incident
316.072(5)(b)
park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of this chapter excessive the maximum speed limits so long as the driver does not exchange life or property
Moving Violations
possession of open containers of alcoholic beverages in vehicles; child restraint requirements
If the defendant helped another person or other people to commit or attempt to commit a crime, and must be treated as if he or she had done all the things the other person or people did, if the defendant consciously intended that the criminal act be done; The defendant is charged with what?
principal in the first degree.
What does fresh pursuit require?
probable cause that the suspect committed a serious crime, immediate or continuous pursuit of the suspect, and probable cause that the suspect is in the premises that is being entered without a warrant,
The defense of government officials from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.
qualified immunity
Profound Level (Intellectual Disability)
require constant care and supervision and may or may not have developed basic speech; generally, officers will not come into direct contact with these individuals but will deal directly with the caregiver
Trigger Control
results when the trigger finger pulls the trigger straight back with increasing yet constant and steady pressure until the firearm discharges
Rule of sequestration
s. 90.616, F.S., states that you must follow the judge's orders completely when he or she invokes the rule. You must not be in the courtroom when other witnesses are giving testimony.
acuity
sharpness of vision
316.271(6)
siren, whistle or bell. distance of not less than 500 feet and of a type approved by the department
prescriptions and over the counter drugs
some weaken observation skills that can influence observational the level of poor driving habits
confidential informant
someone who provides information in confidence about a crime due to a sense of civil duty or because of some personal benefit
complainant
someone who reports a crime or alleges that a crime has been committed
Test of Heart
sometimes called "mission" or "work,"; requires a gang prospect to commit a criminal act such as a drive-by shooting, assault or battery, robbery, graffiti, or burglary
Chronologically:
sorting information by date and time: from the first event to the last. Useful in writing narrative/ explains what happen in order
bars the state from prosecuting an individual after a certain period of time has elapsed since the criminal act occurred.
statute of limitations
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
structural damage sustained by the brain resulting in temporarily or permanently impaired brain function
jargon
technical vocabulary of a profession which has a meaning specific to the people who work in that field
Tactical Load
technique used to reload in a tactical situation
1. reducing speed and not looking directly at the headlights of oncoming traffic 2. looking off to the shoulder using the white line at the edge 3. dimming the headlights for oncoming traffic 4. using low beam while driving in fog or smoke 5. reduce glare by controlling interior lights
techniques officers can use to improve driving at night and react properly
Lip-Reading
the ability to understand what someone is saying by watching the movement of the lips, the facial expressions, and the body language of the other speaker when he or she is talking; the least effective form of visual communication
Overdose
the accidental or intentional use of a dangerously large amount of a substance that leads to death
Locking (Semiautomatic Pistol)
the breech end of the barrel locks into the slide
Substance Dependence
the compulsive abuse of substances due to an uncontrollable physical or psychological craving for that substance
Substance Abuse
the continued use of a mind or physically altering substance that adversely affects an individual's social or occupational life and psychological or physical health
Division of Insurance Fraud
the division investigates possible criminal activities related to the insurance industries
Communication
the exchange of messages, verbally and nonverbally, through signals or writing
Locking (Rifle/Carbine)
the face of the bolt locks with the breech end of the barrel
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
the federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities and requires public buildings and spaces to have equal opportunity for access
Substance Use
the legal, or illegal, therapeutic, or recreational intake of a substance that can lead to substance abuse
Follow-Through
the maintenance of sight alignment before, during, and after firing a round
When an appropriate law enforcement official has probable cause to believe that property in the possession of a pawnbroker is misappropriated,
the official may place a written hold order on the property, which shall impose a holding period not to exceed 90 days unless extended by court order.
Withdrawal
the physical and mental symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped
Drug Tolerance
the physical resistance to effects of a substance that causes a user to need a larger amount of it to experience the desired effect
Detoxification
the process of allowing the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal
Conflict Resolution
the process of managing and resolving a dispute rationally and effectively by increased awareness and understanding of each party's concerns and how they can each reach an understanding
Shelf Life
the recommended time that ammunition can be expected to be reliable, from manufacture time to issue time; expressed in years
Duty Life
the recommended time that ammunition can be expected to be reliable; expressed in months
Sight Picture
the relationship between the eye, front sight, rear sight, and target
Sight Alignment
the relationship of the front sight and rear sight with the shooter's eye
Ability
the subject has the means to carry out his or her intent The subject has the apparent ability to carry out his intention
active voice
the subject of the sentence comes before the verb and is clearly stated Ex. "Ann struck John with a frying pan." In this sentence, Ann is the subject and is placed at beginning of the sentence, immediately before the verb. John receives the action and is therefore the object.
Driving in Opposing Lanes or Wrong Way on a One-way Street
the vehicle heads into opposing or cross traffic, backs into traffic, fails to yield the right-of-way
Failure to Signal or Signal Inconsistent with Action
there are driving inconsistencies such as failing to signal a turn or a lane change, signaling opposite to the turn or lane change made, signaling constantly with no accompanying driving action, and driving with four-way hazard flashers on.
rolling friction
this is the best traction, which is when the tires constantly rotate on the surface without losing contact
Medicaid Fraud Control Unit
this unit investigated fraud committed by health care providers and the abuse, neglect, and exploitation of the elderly, ill, and disabled residents of healthcare facilities
tod
time of day
Active Listening
to repeat what the individual has heard by restating or paraphrasing the speaker's words
countersteering
turn the vehicle's front tires in the direction you want to go
unreasonable force
under the fourth amendment use of force analysis, injury to the fleeing driver will generally not be considered to be the result of
when to use a comma
use a comma between two or more adjectives when they separately describe the same noun do not place a comma between two or more adjectives when the adjective before the noun changes what the noun is example The inmate used a small, metal object to cut his own arm example he threw the white toaster oven at me
prose
usually how narratives are written in , (writing in a normal continuous form, e.g., as used in this textbook) format, detailing a chronological sequence of events.
what is evidence and should be entered as such in accordance with agency policy and procedures
video recorded interview
what are the three stages of a planned interview
warm up, primary , closing
stress, emotions, fatigue, and frequently shift changes
what are some temporary factors that can weaken observation skills?
tennessee v garner
what case use of deadly force to apprehend an individual for commission of non dangerous crime
tire deflation devices
what do you use to stop all pursuit termination technique?
intersection (90 degrees turn)
what is an example of constant radius?
DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Srrvices, 489 U.S 189 (1989)
what is the case in which special relationship exists between the police and that person
pinellas park v. brown
what is the case in which the decision imposed negligence standard for injuries caused during chases
one hour
what is the minimal time frame of annual training required by CJSTC?
outside
when a vehicle turns a corner, weight transfer toward the tires on the ___ of the turn
Conditions required before an officer may use deadly force in stopping a fleeing felon:
when deadly force is necessary to prevent the suspect from escaping, when a warning has been given, when feasible; when the officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon poses a threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer or others; or when the fleeing felon has committed a crime involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm to another person.
slight angle
when you cannot avoid striking or driving over an obstacle, strike it at a ___ (when possible) with free rolling tires
scott decision
which decision does not give the green light for an anything goes approach to pursuit.
the rear inside wheel
which wheel carries the least weight during a turn?
the front outside wheel
which wherl carries the most weight during a turn
TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE A BASIC RECRUIT TRAINING COURSE, RECRUITS MUST...
• ACHIEVE A PASSING SCORE ON EACH OF THE WRITTEN END-OF COURSE EXAMS • SHOW PROFICIENTLY IN THE DUI TRAFFIC STOPS COURSE. • SHOW PROFICIENTLY IN THE HIGH LIABILITY COURSES • PARTICIPATE IN THE CJSTC PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM.
Uncooperative interviewee
• Establish control of the interview. • Keep your composure.
hostile interviewee
• Establish control of the interview. • Maintain a neutral demeanor. • Do not argue with the interviewee. • Follow safety precautions, including checking for a weapon. • Ask direct questions. • Try to reduce the interviewee's stress and anxiety.
Cooperative interviewee
• Establish rapport. • Confirm the interviewee's observations and statements. • Ask direct questions. • Do not confuse or frustrate the interviewee
talkative interviewee
• Establish the purpose of the interview. • Be patient. • Ask closed-ended questions to redirect the interviewee back to the subject of the interview.
THE 3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ARE?
• LAW ENFORCEMENT • THE COURT SYSTEM • CORRECTION
4 LEVELS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES WITHIN THE U.S. ARE?
• LOCAL OR MUNICIPAL, • COUNTY • STATE • FEDERAL
The several factors to identify when determining the correct charge during a sexual battery investigation are what?
• The victim's age • The offender's age • Consent • Injuries to the victim • Types of threats made to the victim • Whether the victim was drugged by the offender • Whether the victim was physically incapacitated • Whether the victim is mentally defective • Whether the victim is in custody or control of the offender who is a police officer, correctional officer, or probation officer.
Incidents that may require written reports include the following:
• all crimes /• use of force by an officer • suicide /• death /• found property • runaway juvenile /• missing or endangered person • traffic crashes (under certain circumstances) as required by law • miscellaneous noncriminal or suspicious incidents • probable cause affidavits /• additional or supplemental information
Reports are generally categorized as:
• offense reports • probable cause affidavits • supplemental or follow-up reports
Regardless of its value, sometimes a felony is determined by what type of property that is stolen?
• will or other testamentary instrument • firearm • motor vehicle • any commercially farmed animal • an aquaculture species raised at a permitted aquaculture facility • fire extinguisher • 2,000 pieces of citrus fruit • property from a posted construction site • any stop sign • property, funds, or assets from a person 65 years of age or older • anhydrous ammonia
In order for the crime to be kidnapping, the confinement, abduction, or imprisonment
•Must not be slight, inconsequential, or merely incidental to the felony; •Must not be of the kind inherent in the nature of the felony; and •Must have some significance independent of the felony in that it makes the felony substantially easier to commit or substantially lessens the risk of detection.
Maliciously
•Wrongful, intentional, and without legal justification or excuse; •Established by circumstances from which one could conclude that a reasonable parent would not have engaged in the damaging acts toward the child for any valid reason; and •When the primary purpose of the acts was to cause the victim unjustifiable pain or injury.
Generally, the people that should be interviewed belong to one or more of the following five categories
•witnesses • suspect(s) • victim(s) • complainant— • confidential informant
