States of Consciousness

Which of the following is a stimulant that also acts as a mild hallucinogen?

Ecstasy

Which type of psychologist would perform research on how people function best with machines?

Engineering

Which neurotransmitter has been associated with Alzheimer's?

ACh

Sigmund Freud referred to dreaming as the...

royal road to the unconscious.

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming.

Activation-synthesis

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

Afterimages

A certain drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question?

Alcohol

Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?

Cocaine

Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?

Cocaine

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?

Digestion

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?

Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?

It is correlated with dreaming.

Which of the following is a sleep-inducing hormone?

Melatonin

Sensations of falling or floating weightlessly, hypnogogic hallucinations, are most closely associated with _____ sleep.

NREM-1

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?

Narcolepsy

Which of the following research strategies would be best for determining whether or not owls are nocturnal?

Naturalistic observation

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Increasing amounts of paradoxical sleep following a period of sleep deprivation is known as...

REM rebound.

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in _____ sleep than in _____ sleep.

REM; NREM-3

Which part of the ear is responsible for balance?

Semicircular canal

A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?

Sleep apnea

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes towards the death penalty?

Survey

Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?

There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as...

a circadian rhythm.

An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well-being attained in the past. This individual is showing...

alcohol tolerance.

The chemical adenosine is most likely to reduce...

alertness

The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the...

association areas.

Those who believe that season affective disorder is a result of short hours of daylight are highlighting the importance of...

biological rhythms.

At 1:00am, Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is mostly likely to indicate the presence of...

delta waves.

In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on weight loss, weight loss is the...

dependent variable.

According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to...

erotic wishes.

As Irene recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Irene's account represents the _____ content of her dream.

manifest

THC, the active ingredient in _____, is classified as a _____.

marijuana; hallucinogen

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores is the...

mode

If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be...

more distant.

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from...

narcolepsy.

A common psychological effect of alcohol intake is..

reduced inhibition.

The McGurk effect best illustrates...

sensory interaction.

Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from...

sleep apnea.

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occurs during NREM-2 sleep are called...

sleep spindles.

After Joe's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in the Broca's area. It is likely that Joe will have difficulty...

speaking.

Night terrors...

typically occur during NREM-3.

Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?

The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input.

Who is credited with conducting the world's first psychological experiment?

William Wundt

In large does, alcohol is a _____; in small amounts, it is a _____.

depressant; depressant

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because..

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

The experience of insomnia following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates...

withdrawal.