States of Matter
List 3 examples of liquid.
Answers will vary.
List 3 examples of solid.
Answers will vary.
List 3 examples of gas.
Answers will vary. Examples: air, water vapor, carbon dioxide
List 3 examples of plasma.
Answers will vary. Examples: fluorescent lights, Sun/stars, lightning
If the temperature of a gas is decreased, does its volume increase, decrease, or stay the same?
Decrease
What are the 2 types of vaporization?
Evaporation and boiling
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid. Boiling occurs throughout. Boiling is associated with high temperatures. Evaporation can occur at any temperature at which matter is in the liquid state.
Which state of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape?
Gas
Of the following liquids, which is the most viscous (highest viscosity): honey, water, milk?
Honey
As particle motion increases, what happens to kinetic energy?
It increases
As particle motion increases, what happens to temperature?
It increases
________ energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.
Kinetic
Which state of matter has definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
What do we call anything that takes up space and has mass?
Matter
Contrast freezing with melting.
Melting is when a solid changes to a liquid. Freezing is when a liquid changes to a solid.
When particles get hotter, do they move more quickly, more slowly, or at the same speed?
More quickly
What are 2 factors that determine the state of matter?
Particle motion Particle force
Explain the free motion of particles.
Particles move in a straight line until they collide with something. They then bounce off and continue in a straight line.
Most matter in space is in this state.
Plasma
In Charles's Law, what factor must remain constant?
Pressure
Which state of matter has a definite volume and a definite shape?
Solid
the change of state from a gas to a liquid
condensation
When particles in a solid are arranged in a specific, repeating order, the solid is a(n) __________ solid.
crystalline
According to Boyle's law, when a gas's volume increases, its pressure ________.
decreases
According to Boyle's law, when the pressure upon a gas increases, its volume ________.
decreases
According to Charles's Law, when a gas's temperature decreases, its volume ________.
decreases
According to Charles's Law, when a gas's temperature increases, its volume ________.
decreases
As particles move closer together, potential energy ______.
decreases
If the pressure upon a gas increases, the volume _______________.
decreases
When the temperature of a substance _____, particles move more slowly.
decreases
gas becomes a solid without first becoming a liquid
deposition
The ______ particles move, the more kinetic energy they have.
faster
The particle motion in a liquid state of a substance is _____________ than the particle motion in a substance's solid state.
faster
temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid
freezing point
As a liquid changes to a ____ the particles move farther apart.
gas
Particles in the ______ state have the most kinetic energy.
gaseous
According to Boyle's law, when a gas's volume decreases, its pressure ________.
increases
According to Boyle's law, when the pressure upon a gas decreases, its volume ________.
increases
Potential energy ______ as particles get farther apart.
increases
When thermal energy is added to a liquid, kinetic energy ________.
increases
As particles move farther apart, potential energy _______.
increases.
Temperature is the measure of the average ______ of all the particles in an object.
kinetic energy
temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
melting point
The three most common states of matter on Earth are:
solids, liquids, gases
When particles are close together, their attractive forces between them are ____________.
strong.
solid becomes a gas without first changing to a liquid
sublimation
Thermal energy is the ______ of potential and kinetic energy.
sum
The gas state of a substance that is usually a solid or liquid at room temperature is called a _______.
vapor
A measurement of a liquid's resistance to flow is called its _______.
viscosity
A gas has no definite ________ and no definite ______.
volume, shape
A liquid has a definite ________ but no definite ________.
volume, shape
When particles in a solid are randomly arranged the solid is a(n) __________ solid.
amorphous
can result from adding or removing thermal energy
change of state
When particles move more slowly, they move (closer together or farther apart)
closer together.
The attraction between molecules that are alike is called ________.
cohesion
While a liquid is boiling, does its temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same?
Stays the same
Compare and contrast sublimation with deposition.
Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas. Condensation is when a gas changes directly to a solid. Neither uses the liquid state.
What are uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid?
Surface tension
___________ involves the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
Surface tension
In Boyle's Law, what factor must remain constant?
Temperature
What does the kinetic molecular theory explain?
The kinetic molecular theor explains how particles behave within matter.
Compare thermal energy with temperature
Thermal energy is the total of all of the kinetic energy and potential energy. Temperature is just the total kinetic energy.
How are Charles's Law & Boyle's Law similar?
They are both laws that explain the nature of gases. They both deal with the volumes of gases.
What do we call a gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature?
Vapor
What is a measurement of a liquid's resistance to flow?
Viscosity
Of the following liquids, which is the least viscous (lowest viscosity): pancake syrup, water?
Water
