Statistical Assessment -National Counselor Exam Practice
The values of a correlation coefficient can range between _____ and _____.
-1.00 and +1.00
Validity coefficients greater than _________ are considered in the very high range.
.50
A researcher is looking for a specific study report, in which he knows the kurtosis value. He reads the following kurtosis value in various reports. Which one supports a mesokurtic distribution?
0
The teacher has a small class with only 7 students. The teacher grades their homework and reports scores of 10, 7, 8, 12, 9, 11, and 13. What is the median?
10
A teacher reports that the class scores are generally distributed according to a bell curve. This means:
100% of the scores fall between -3 and +3 standard deviations from the mean
What is the mode for the following values?: 18, 18, 74, 32, 34, 43
18
Correlations between variables can have _______ types of relationships.
2
Variables can be defined in how many ways?
2
The teacher calculates the highest score as being 97 and the lowest score as being 75. What is the range?
22
What is the mean for the following values?: 18, 18, 74, 32, 34, 43
36.5
A T score has a fixed mean of __________ and a fixed standard deviation of ___________.
50; 10
The variance is determined to be 36. What would be the standard deviation?
6
If the reliability coefficient of a test is determined to be .27, what percentage is attributed to random chance or error?
73%
What is the outlier for the following values?: 18, 18, 74, 32, 34, 43
74
There are 12 participants who agree to take the test for a study focused on wellness. The total of all the participants' scores is 96. What is the mean?
8
The teacher grades the papers and determines the following set of scores: 90, 85, 87, 85, 92, 90, 83, 85, 98. What is the mean?
85
What is the mode for this group of data: 98, 90, 97, 88, 83, 84, 83, 90, 81?
90 and 83
The test manual reports a reliability coefficient (r) of .92, which means:
92% of the variance in scores is explained by real differences
When comparing the four scales of measurement, what distinguishes the interval scale from the ratio scale?
Absolute zero
Standard deviation is:
Average distance of a score from the mean
Norm-referenced tests refer to instruments that:
Compare scores to a norm group
Criterion-referenced tests refer to instruments that:
Compare scores to a pre-established standard
Why are standard scores useful?
Comparisons can be made with standard scores
An example of a construct is:
Depression
Averages, percentages, total frequencies, and measures of variability are examples of what type of statistics?
Descriptive
In a __________ the bars touch one another, but in a bar graph, the bars do not.
Histogram
Frequency distributions demonstrate:
How an individual fits into a group of scores
Correlations, mean comparisons, and hypothesis testing are examples of what type of statistics?
Inferential
A Likert-type scale is an example of which kind of scale?
Interval
Which is the best measure of central tendency?
It depends
In terms of effect size, counselors prefer a:
Large effect size
In comparing Spearman's Rho to Phi Coefficient, one would generally prefer to use Spearman's Rho when correlating:
Likert scale responses
In studying the correlation between the number of hours studied and scores on the comprehensive exam, the researcher found a correlation of .30. According to Cohen's guidelines, what would this mean regarding the strength of the relationship?
Medium
In an asymmetrical distribution, if the majority of the scores fall on the high end of the distribution, the curve will appear:
Negatively skewed
When the mode is greater than the mean, a distribution is:
Negatively skewed
The label treatment, waitlist, and alternative treatment are examples of which kind of scale?
Nominal
Which scale of measurement is the most basic and issued to categorize data into groups that have different names but are not related to each other in any other systematic way?
Nominal
Having clients' rank preferences is an example of what kind of scale?
Ordinal
When the mode is less than the mean, a distribution is:
Positively skewed
Which of the following is not one of the purposes of statistics?
Provides mental health diagnosis
Variables that are defined using categories are considered what type of variables?
Qualitative
Variables that have numeric values are referred to as what type of variables?
Quantitative
A research team designed a demographic questionnaire to collect information about participants. Which of the following variables identified on the questionnaire provides an example of an ordinal scale variable?
Rank in the military
A researcher wants to know if IQ predicts success in college. Which analysis is most appropriate?
Regression
Generalizability is demonstrated by:
Rich descriptions of population characteristics AND A variety of mathematical procedures that consider sample size
The normal curve is an example of what type of graph?
Smooth curve
According to your textbook, what is the most commonly used measure of variability?
Standard deviation
Given that this measure considers each individual score's distance from the mean, it is considered the most important measure of variability.
Standard deviation
Which type of normalized standard score is widely used in education and categorizes test performance in nine broad units?
Stanines
_______________ is defined as a set of tools and techniques used for describing, organizing, and interpreting information.
Statistics
In a follow-up study, a researcher reported that the correlation is .85. In the initial study, the correlation was .78. This means there is a(an):
Stronger correlation between the variables in the follow-up study
The higher the standard error of measurement:
The lower degree of reliability
Denise took an aptitude test that was first taken by a large group of male engineers, on whom the test was standardized. Denise is a nurse. What might be a concern when interpreting her test scores?
The norm group is not relevant.
What can be inferred from an individual scoring in the 93rd percentile on a measure of a particular phenomenon?
They are in the top 3%
A student conducting a research study was told by her professor to use a scatterplot in conjunction with calculating the correlation coefficient. She discovered that the data points clustered along a straight line. This means:
a linear relationship exists between variables
Grade equivalents are useful because they
can easily provide a basis of comparison of a student's performance with other students at a given grade level.
A raw score can be transformed into any type of standard score by first
converting the raw score to a Z score.
A school interested in measuring students' progress in academic subjects throughout the school years might choose to use
growth scale values (GSV).
A researcher determines that there is a positive correlation between sleep and test scores. This means as the amount of sleep is increased then test scores:
increase
Jose has developed a test that has poor reliability. He can seek to increase reliability by:
increasing the number of test questions
The researcher determines that the reliability coefficient is .65. This means the reliability is:
not generally acceptable
Keisha receives a 79 on the test. This is her: Group of answer choices true score reported score observed score predicted score
observed score
A teacher analyzes the scores from a recent test and determines a positively skewed curve. She infers that the majority of students knew:
only a few of the answers due to low scores
When looking at a list of student's test scores, the teacher notices that one test score is extremely lower than the majority of the scores. This is known as a(an):
outlier
Raw scores
represent the original test results that describe the number of correctly answered questions.
Miguel's score on a reading comprehension test is in the 80th percentile. This means that Miguel
scored higher than 80 percent of the students who took the test
Z scores, T scores, and deviation IQs are examples of
standard scores.
To determine a client's ________, the counselor took the client's z-score and multiplied it by 10 then added 50.
t-score
When the researcher interprets the reliability coefficient, the closer the score is to 0:
the more the scores represent random error
In order to convert a raw score to a Z score, the following values are needed:
the raw score of the test taker, (2) the mean of the raw scores, and (3) the standard deviation of the raw scores.
The researcher reports the standard error of measurement (SEM). This is:
the spread of scores of a single individual if he/she took a test repeated times
A teacher determines that the correlation between eating breakfast and doing well on the test is zero. This means:
there is an absence of a correlation
What standard score is the most commonly produced?
z-score
