Stats 110 Final

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19. Refer to the histogram that shows the salaries of the players of the New York Yankees baseball team as of the opening day of the 2007 season. Identify the shape of the distribution. (A) skewed to the right (B) bell-shaped (C) skewed to the left (D) symmetric

Which is the most valid measurement of maximum running speed for an athlete? (A) time in a 10-mile race (B) highest amount of weight lifted by one leg (C) time in a 40-yard dash (D) number of sit-ups done in one minute

In the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the researchers (A) relied on a sample survey with leading questions. (B) used a cluster sample. (C) unethically put the scientific goal ahead of the subjects' well-being. (D) did not have a sufficient sample size.

Suppose a marine scientist is measuring salinity levels of seawater samples from the Atlantic Ocean. Suppose the salinity values have a normal distribution with a mean of 35 "parts per mil" and a standard deviation of 2 "parts per mil". About what percentage of salinity measurements are greater than 37 parts per mil? (A) 16% (B) 34% (C) 50% (D) 2.5%

(A) 16%

25. If an ordinary coin has been tossed 10 times, and each of the last 5 tosses have resulted in "tails" then what is the probability of "tails" on the next toss? (A) Around 0.50, because heads and tails should be equally likely. (B) Less than 0.50, because the coin is due to come up "heads" by the law of averages. (C) More than 0.50, because "tails" is currently on a hot streak. (D) Either 0 or 1, because either a "heads" or a "tails" is certain to occur on the next toss.

(A) Around 0.50, because heads and tails should be equally likely.

9. Consumers are turning to trucks, SUVs, and minivans in place of passenger cars. The following is the data on sales of new cars and trucks in the United States (The definition of "truck" includes SUVs and minivans). Two line graphs are plotted on the same axes to compare the change in car and truck sales over time. Car sales are shown with the solid line graph and truck sales are shown with the dashed line graph. Which of the following statements correctly describes the trend displayed by the graph? (A) Before 1999, the number of cars was greater than the number of trucks. (B) The number of cars sold shows an overall increasing trend. (C) Before 1999, the number of trucks was greater than the number of cars. (D) Before 1999, the numbers of cars and trucks were equal.

(A) Before 1999, the number of cars was greater than the number of trucks.

4. A friend tells you, "In the 7:30 a.m. lecture for Statistics, 9 students failed. However, 20 students failed in the 1:30 p.m. class. The 1:30 p.m. professor is a tougher grader than the 7:30 a.m. teacher." Which of the following information will you require to conclude if 1:30 p.m. professor is a tougher grader than 7:30 a.m. professor? (A) Class sizes (B) Qualification of both professors (C) Age of both professors (D) Gender of both professors

(A) Class sizes

What is an ethical problem with placebo-controlled studies? (A) Patients who could benefit from the experimental treatment may be selected for the placebo treatment. (B) Placebo treatments do not effectively control for the "placebo effect" when the subject does not know which treatment he is receiving. (C) With a placebo-controlled study, a randomized comparative experiment is impossible. (D) It is logistically impossible to give some patients a placebo.

(A) Patients who could benefit from the experimental treatment may be selected for the placebo treatment.

What can be determined from a frequency histogram but not a relative frequency histogram? (A) The overall sample size (B) The shape of the distribution (C) The center of the distribution (D) The skewness of the distribution

(A) The overall sample size

2. A scale that always produces a weight reading that is 4 pounds too high has (A) bias and high reliability (B) bias and poor reliability (C) no bias and high reliability (D) no bias and poor reliability

(A) bias and high reliability

Suppose subjects in an experiment are initially separated into age groups. Then, within each age group, subjects are randomly assigned to one of 4 different treatments. This is a: (A) block design (B) matched pairs design (C) completely randomized design (D) systematic design

(A) block design

Which is NOT one of the three major principles of experimental design? (A) classification (B) replication (C) control (D) randomization

(A) classification

Suppose in a study of federal tax revenues, a sample of citizens' taxable incomes for 2014 is collected. The researchers intend to summarize the data for each state, but keep individuals' data private. This study is (A) confidential (B) experimental (C) anonymous (D) exponential

(A) confidential

In a distribution that is skewed to the right, the mean tends to be (A) greater than the median (B) roughly equal to the median (C) impossible to define (D) less than the median

(A) greater than the median

The sampling variability of a statistic reflects (A) the difference in the value of a statistic across repeated samples (B) the error due to a voluntary response sample (C) the difference in responses with a single sample (D) the difference between the statistic and the true parameter

(A) the difference in the value of a statistic across repeated samples

Consider the following numerical data set: 23, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45, 45. What is the sample median? (A) 37 (B) 38 (C) 39 (D) 45

(B) 38

In a weight-loss study, 10% of the subjects getting the experimental drug dropped out before the finish and 58% of the subjects getting the placebo dropped out. It is speculated that subjects in a weight-loss experiment may prematurely drop out when they find themselves not losing weight. This is an example of: (A) Nonadherence, but it does not bias the study results (B) Dropout that does bias the study results (C) Dropout, but it does not bias the study results (D) Nonadherence that does bias the study results

(B) Dropout that does bias the study results

What is the best way for an academic department to measure student dissatisfaction with its course instructors? (A) Number of negative ratings on ratemyprofessor.com (B) Proportion of below-satisfactory ratings on end-of-semester evaluations by students (C) Number of below-satisfactory ratings on end-of-semester evaluations by students (D) Number of students signed up for the course

(B) Proportion of below-satisfactory ratings on end-of-semester evaluations by students

3. What is a good way to compare two numerical variables' distributions graphically? (A) Side-by-side interquartile ranges (B) Side-by-side boxplots (C) Side-by-side bar graphs (D) Side-by-side bar pictograms

(B) Side-by-side boxplots

In a sample survey, the following question was asked: "Which of the following best represents your opinion on gun control? 1. The government should take away our guns. 2. We have the right to keep and bear arms. Identify the correct statement with reference to the survey question asked: (A) The question is slanted toward a desired response in favor of the first statement. (B) The question is slanted toward a desired response in favor of the second statement. (C) The question is not slanted toward a desired response. (D) None of the above are true.

(B) The question is slanted toward a desired response in favor of the second statement.

Colleges announce an average SAT score for their entering freshmen. Usually a college would like this average to be as high as possible. A New York Times article noted, "Private colleges that buy lots of top students with merit scholarships prefer the mean, while open-enrollment public institutions like medians." Which of the following statements correctly explains these preferences? (A) The relatively small number of top students does not affect the mean. The typical score, or the median, decreases by the presence of these students. (B) The relatively small number of top students puts the mean above the median. The typical score, or the median, is not affected by the presence or absence of these students. (C) Neither the median nor the mean is affected by the relatively small number of top students, and so both measures of center are equal in this case. (D) The relatively small number of top students puts the mean below the median. The typical score, or the median, increases by the presence of these students.

(B) The relatively small number of top students puts the mean above the median. The typical score, or the median, is not affected by the presence or absence of these students.

The following graph appeared in the Lexington (Ky.) Herald-Leader in October 5, 1975. Identify the reason why this graph is an incorrect representation of data. (A) The value of a currency cannot be plotted on a graph. (B) The time scale on the horizontal axis is erratic. (C) Pounds and dollars are not comparable units. (D) The vertical axis should display British pounds.

(B) The time scale on the horizontal axis is erratic.

If a survey suffers from a high nonresponse rate, what is a possible remedy? (A) Using, as our data, the responses that we think nonrespondents would have given (B) Weighting the responses of underrepresented groups more heavily (C) Using a matched pairs design instead (D) Increasing the standard deviation of the sample

(B) Weighting the responses of underrepresented groups more heavily

In a sample of professors on a university campus, the researcher randomly selects 5 academic departments, and then interviews each professor in those selected departments. What type of sampling scheme is this? (A) convenience sample (B) cluster sample (C) stratified random sample (D) simple random sample

(B) cluster sample

Stemplots are mostly useful for displaying (A) categorical data sets that are relatively small. (B) numerical data sets that are relatively small. (C) categorical data sets that are very large. (D) numerical data sets that are very large.

(B) numerical data sets that are relatively small.

Taking a larger sample size will reduce what about a resulting statistic? (A) bias (B) sampling variability (C) accuracy (D) computational difficulty

(B) sampling variability

For which type of sample can a reliable margin of error be derived? (A) convenience sample (B) simple random sample (C) census (D) voluntary response sample

(B) simple random sample

Suppose an experiment has two explanatory variables. The first explanatory variable has 2 possible values and the second explanatory variable has 4 possible values. How many treatments are there in the experiment? (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 16

A manufacturer of chisels is interested in determining how the angle at which the cutting edge is sharpened affects tool abrasion. To answer this question, engineers obtain 20 similar chisels. They sharpen five chisels at each of 22.5, 25, 27.5, and 30 degrees. Then, they measure the amount of abrasion (rated on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst) after cutting several mortises (square holes) in 3/4-inch hard maple boards. Which of the following is the explanatory variable in the given study? (A) Mortises (B) Tool abrasion (C) Angle of cutting edge (D) Sharpening of chisels

A researcher observes the body-mass index (BMI), the number of school meals eaten, and the sex for a sample of schoolchildren. What are the variables in the data set? (A) Schoolchildren and the researcher (B) Schoolchildren, BMI, and number of school meals (C) BMI, number of school meals, and sex (D) only BMI

14. The distribution of a variable tells us (A) which values the variable takes (B) how often the variables takes the different values (C) Both of the above (D) Neither of the above

what is the sampling distribution of a statistic? a) the possible values the sample size might be b) the distribution of possible values of the statistic in repeated samples fro the same population c) the distribution of the true parameter that the statistic is attempting to estimate d) the distribution of any individual observations in the sample

b) the distribution of possible values of the statistic in repeated samples fro the same population

suppose in a chemistry class the possible grades are A B C DF suppose 10 percent of students get an A 30 get a B. if a student is randomly selected from this chemistry class, what is the probability that this selected student gets a C or worse a) .4 b) .3 c) .6 d) .7

c) .6 10+ 30 =40 100-40=60

A researcher observes the body-mass index (BMI), the number of school meals eaten, and the sex for a sample of schoolchildren. What are the individuals in the data set? (A) Schoolchildren and the researcher (B) Schoolchildren (C) BMI, number of school meals, and sex (D) researcher and sex

c) School Children

A bettor places a 500$ bet on the steelers to win the super bowl. the bettor will lose the 500$ if the steelers do not win the super bowl, but he will earn a profit of $4000 if the steelers do win the super bowl. suppose the steelers have a 10 percent chance to win the super bowl. based on this, what is the bettors expected profit a) -500 b) 4000 c) 3550 d) -50

d) -50

In a significane test, the null and alternative hypothesis statements are about a) the type of sampling method used b) the sample size used c) a statistic, which summarizes the sample d) a parameter, which describes the population

d) a parameter, which describes the population

consider the following distribution for the variable X, where X= the number of houses owned by a selected american adult. Assume a negligible proportion of adults own 4 or more houses. what makes this a valid, legit probability distribution x 0 1 2 3 p(x) .35 .6 .04 0.01 a) all the individual probabilities are between 1 and 0 b) the individual probabilities add up to 1 c) the probabilities get smaller for larger values of the variable d) both A and B

d) both A and B

suppose that, on average, students with high math SAT scores also tend to have high verbal SAT scores, and that students with low math SAT scores also tend to have low verbal SAT scores. in this case, what type of association, if any, exists between math SAT score and verbal SAT score a) negative association b) no association c) categorical association d) positive association

d) positive association

Consider a group of 27 patients in an experiment who received a placebo. At the beginning of the study, the researchers measured the seated systolic blood pressure of these 27 patients. The sample mean was 114.9 and the sample standard deviation was 9.3. Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean blood pressure of the population from which the patients were recruited. A. (111.3, 118.5) B. (113.2, 116.6) C. (114.2, 115.6) D. (112.3, 117.5) A

A. (111.3, 118.5)

A roulette wheel has 38 slots, numbered 0, 00, and 1 to 36. The slots 0 and 00 are colored green, 18 of the others are red, and 18 are black. The dealer spins the wheel and at the same time rolls a small ball along the wheel in the opposite direction. The wheel is carefully balanced, so that the ball is equally likely to land in any slot when the wheel slows down. Gamblers can bet on various combinations of numbers and colors. If you bet on red, you win if the ball lands in a "red" slot. What is the probability of winning? A. 18/38 B. 18/36 C. 20/38 D. 2/36

A. 18/38

You read in a book on poker that the probability of being dealt two pairs in a five-card poker hand is 1/21. Identify the correct interpretation of the given information: A. In the long run, of a large number of hands of five cards, about 4.8 percent will contain two pairs. B. In the short run, of a series of hands of five cards, about 4.8 percent will contain two pairs. C. In the long run, of a large number of hands of five cards, there is a probability of 4.8 that a hand will contain two pairs.

A. In the long run, of a large number of hands of five cards, about 4.8 percent will contain two pairs

An October 2011 CBS News poll asked 1012 randomly selected American adults whether they "opposed allowing the children of illegal immigrants to attend state college at the lower tuition rate of state residents." Of those sampled, 688 said they did oppose letting them attend at the lower tuition rate. Give a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion who oppose letting them attend at the lower tuition rate. A. (0.642, 0.718) B. (0.651, 0.709) C. (0.679, 0.680) D. (0.648, 0.711)

B. (0.651, 0.709)

Our statistical software has a random number generator that is supposed to produce numbers scattered at random between 0 and 1. If this is true, the population of generated numbers has a mean of 0.5. A command to generate 100 random numbers gives results with sample mean 0.536 and sample standard deviation 0.312. We are investigating whether the mean of the population of numbers produced differs from 0.5. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? A. H0: mu =/= 0.5, Ha: mu = 0.5 B. H0: mu = 0.5, Ha: mu =/= 0.5 C. H0: mu = 0.5, Ha: mu > 0.5 D. H0: mu = 0.5, Ha: mu < 0.5

B. H0: mu = 0.5, Ha: mu =/= 0.5

The length of human pregnancies from conception to birth varies according to a distribution that is approximately Normal with a mean of 266 days and standard deviation 16 days. Use the 68-95-99.7 rule to answer the following question. How long are the longest 2.5 percent of all pregnancies? A. Longer than 282 days B. Longer than 298 days C. Less than 234 days

B. Longer than 298 days

A college newspaper interviews a psychologist about the student ratings of the teaching of faculty members. The psychologist says, "The evidence indicates that the correlation between the research productivity and teaching rating of faculty members is close to zero." The paper reports this as "Professor McDaniel said that good researchers tend to be poor teachers, and vice versa." The newspaper's report is wrong. Which of the following statements correctly explains the newspaper interpretation of the professor's comment? A. The newspaper interpreted zero correlation as a non-linear relationship. B. The newspaper interpreted zero calculation as no relationship. C. The newspaper interpreted zero correlation as a negative relationship.

B. The newspaper interpreted zero calculation as no relationship.

An October 2011 Gallup Poll asked a sample of 1005 American adults whether they thought there should be a law that would ban the possession of handguns except by the police and other authorized persons. Only 261 of the respondents thought there should be such a law. What is the interpretation of the population proportion p for this poll? A. The proportion of those sampled who believe there should be this type of law. B. The proportion of all American adults who believe there should be this type of law. C. The proportion of all American men who believe there should be this type of law. D. The proportion of all American police who believe there should be this type of law.

B. The proportion of all American adults who believe there should be this type of law.

consider the following distribution for the variable X, where X= the number of houses owned by a selected American adult. Assume a negligible proportions of adults own 4 or more houses. For american adults, what is the expected number of houses owned? x 0 1 2 3 p(x) .35 .6 .04 .01 a) 0 b) 1 c) 1.5 d) .71

D) 0.71 x(px)+x(px)+x(px)+x(px)=

For the same data set, which is wider, a 95% confidence interval or a 90% CI a) the 90% CI b) the 95% CI c) impossible to say d) both the same width

b) the 95% CI

At one large university, 78% of all students who entered in 2004 graduated within six years. Out of a sample of 190 students on athletic scholarships, 137 of them graduated within six years. We are investigating whether there is evidence that the percentage of athletes who graduate within six years is less than 78%. The P-value is 0.025. If our significance level is 0.05, what is the correct conclusion? (A) The proportion of all students on athletic scholarship who graduate within six years is equal to 0.78. (B) The proportion of all students on athletic scholarship who graduate within six years is greater than 0.78. (C) The proportion of all students on athletic scholarship who graduate within six years is equal to 0.025. (D) The proportion of all students on athletic scholarship who graduate within six years is less than 0.78.

(D) The proportion of all students on athletic scholarship who graduate within six years is less than 0.78.

What is the meaning of the phrase "95% confidence" for a confidence interval? a) the confidence interval was obtained using a method that captures the parameter in 95% of repeated samples b) for the single confidence interval we obtained, 95% of the time, the parameter lies inside that interval, and the other 5% of the time, the parameter lies outside that interval c) 95% of the sampled data values lie inside the confidence interval d) we are 95% confident that our numerical calculations were correct

a) the confidence interval was obtained using a method that captures the parameter in 95% of repeated samples

Studies have suggested that compounds in broccoli might combat the effects of overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. We conduct an experiment to determine whether a cream consisting of a broccoli extract reduces sunburn pain. Sixty patients suffering from pain from severe sunburn are available. What is a good way to conduct the experiment? (A) Give the cream to all 60 patients, and record their responses. (B) Allow the patients to choose either the cream or an over-the-counter alternative, and record the responses. (C) Divide the patients randomly into three groups of 20 patients each. Give one group the cream, another group an over-the-counter sunburn relief product, and the last group a placebo. Record the responses. (D) Give some patients the cream and others the placebo, being sure to inform the patients which treatment they are receiving. Record the responses.

(C) Divide the patients randomly into three groups of 20 patients each. Give one group the cream, another group an over-the-counter sunburn relief product, and the last group a placebo. Record the responses.

A local newspaper in the State of Connecticut conducts a poll on whether the people of the state believe the "No Child Left Behind" law is effective. The newspaper contacts 1000 subscribers. The population of this poll is: (A) The 1000 people surveyed (B) Those who favor or disapprove of the "No Child Left Behind" law (C) People who live in the State of Connecticut (D) Those who are affected by "No Child Left Behind"

Suppose you sell insurance to a 21-year-old friend. The probability that a man aged 21 will die in the next year is about 0.0015. You decide to charge $2000 for a policy that will pay $1,000,000 if your friend dies. Why would you be foolish to sell a single such policy only to your friend? (A) You have a 50-50 chance of either gaining a moderate amount of money, or losing a great deal of money. (B) The Central Limit Theorem implies that it is a foolish decision. (C) The law of large numbers will not apply if only a single policy is sold. (D) It is never wise to mix friendship with business.

Approximately what percentage of a data set is greater than the third quartile, Q3? (A) about 25% (B) about 50% (C) about 75% (D) about 100%

If students who attend class regularly tend to have better final grades than students who miss class often, then class attendance, as a measure of student success, has (A) good validity (B) high bias (C) good predictive validity (D) high reliability

10. Refer to the histogram of the number of minority students, black, Hispanic, Native American, who earned doctorate degrees in engineering from 152 universities during 2000 to 2002. The classes for the histogram are 1-5, 6-10, and so on. Even without the actual data, you can use the position of the values of the five-number summary and the histogram to give the five-number summary approximately. About how many minority engineering PhD's must a university graduate to be in the top quarter? (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

(D) 8

You want to measure the "physical fitness" of college students. Identify the example of a valid way to measure fitness. (A) Students' weight (B) Students' height (C) Students' grade point average (D) Distance a student can run in some fixed length of time

(D) Distance a student can run in some fixed length of time

What is the best approach in data analysis when we initially detect an outlier? (A) Assume the outlying data is due to a recording error. (B) Do nothing, since the outlier is only a small part of the data set. (C) Remove the outlier from the data set summarily. (D) Go back and further investigate that particular observation

(D) Go back and further investigate that particular observation

Suppose that you and your friends emptied your pockets of coins and recorded the year marked on each coin. The distribution is left-skewed. Identify the most obvious reason for a left-skewed distribution. (A) The number of older and newer coins is the same. (B) Pennies are the most common type of coin. (C) Older coins are more in number. (D) Newer coins are more common than older coins.

(D) Newer coins are more common than older coins.

A researcher observes the weight, the height, the number of school meals eaten, and the sex for a sample of schoolchildren. Which variables are numerical and which are categorical? (A) Numerical: sex, weight, height. Categorical: school meals eaten (B) Numerical: school meals eaten. Categorical: sex, weight, height. (C) Numerical: weight, height. Categorical: school meals eaten, sex (D) Numerical: school meals eaten, weight, height. Categorical: sex

(D) Numerical: school meals eaten, weight, height. Categorical: sex

A researcher observes the body-mass index (BMI), the number of school meals eaten, and the sex for a sample of schoolchildren. The goal of the study is to determine the relationship between BMI and number of school meals, and whether this relationship depends on the child's sex. What type of study is this? (A) Observational, since the children are regularly watched (B) Experiment, since there are human subjects in the study (C) Experiment, since we seek to investigate a cause-effect relationship (D) Observational, since the researcher imposes no treatment on the children

(D) Observational, since the researcher imposes no treatment on the children

A national survey of TV network news viewers found that 48% said they would believe a phone-in poll of 300,000 persons rather than a random sample of 1000 persons. Of the viewers, 42% said they would believe the random sample poll. Which of the following statements correctly explains why the opinions of only 1000 randomly chosen respondents are a better guide to what all people think than the opinions of 300,000 callers? (A) The 1000 randomly chosen respondents represent the intellectual population, whereas the 300,000 callers did not do so. (B) The 1000 respondents were especially chosen because they are attentive TV viewers. (C) The 1000 randomly chosen individuals were chosen as a personal choice of the TV network, whereas the 300,000 called voluntarily and do not represent the choice of the TV network. (D) The 1000 randomly chosen respondents represent the population as a whole, whereas the 300,000 callers did not do so.

(D) The 1000 randomly chosen respondents represent the population as a whole, whereas the 300,000 callers did not do so.

A New York Times Poll on women's issues interviewed 1025 women randomly selected from the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. The poll found that 47% of the women said they do not get enough time for themselves. The poll announced a margin of error of ±3 percentage points for 95% confidence in its conclusions. The confidence statement, in relation to the given scenario, is: "We are 95% confident that between 44% and 50% of all women would say that they do not get enough time for themselves." Which of the following statements correctly explains the meaning of the term '95% confidence', in the confidence statement? (A) The interval 44% to 50% is based on a procedure that produces a margin of error (of ±3) 95% of the time. (B) The interval 44% to 50% is based on a procedure that includes a sample representing 95% of population. (C) The interval 44% to 50% is based on a sample that we are 95% confident is a simple random sample. (D) The interval 44% to 50% is based on a procedure that captures the true population value 95% of the time.

(D) The interval 44% to 50% is based on a procedure that captures the true population value 95% of the time.

The presidential election campaign is in full swing, and the candidates have hired polling organizations to take regular polls to find out what the voters think about the issues. What does the standard of informed consent require the polling organizations to tell potential respondents? (A) The achievements of the candidate or the political party (B) Which candidate the pollster personally supports and why (C) The election process and date of election (D) The kind of questions they will be asked and the approximate amount of time required to complete the survey

(D) The kind of questions they will be asked and the approximate amount of time required to complete the survey

What is the purpose of an institutional review board? (A) To review the institutions at which research is conducted. (B) To pick the principal investigator of a research study. (C) To decide whether the study should receive federal funding, based on the quality of the proposed research. (D) To ensure that research proposals treat human subjects ethically and inform subjects about the study and any risks.

(D) To ensure that research proposals treat human subjects ethically and inform subjects about the study and any risks.

Informed consent can be tricky to obtain when the subjects are (A) agricultural plots (B) industrial parts (C) volunteers (D) children

(D) children

Which variable's distribution would be conveniently represented by a pie chart? (A) lengths of wild newts (B) weights of football players (C) alcohol percentages of beers (D) final letter grades of STAT 110 students

(D) final letter grades of STAT 110 students

Consider an easy exam in which most of the students get scores between 90 and the maximum score of 100. A few get scores between 80 and 90, and even fewer get scores between 70 and 80, and just a couple get scores below 70. The histogram of scores on this exam would show a distribution that is (A) symmetric (B) skewed to the left (C) bimodal (D) skewed to the right

(D) skewed to the Left

An example of a response error is a sample survey is when (A) the respondent's answer is incorrectly recorded by the researcher. (B) the respondent cannot be reached for the survey. (C) the respondent refuses to participate in the survey. (D) the respondent incorrectly reports her annual income.

(D) the respondent incorrectly reports her annual income.

A phenomenon displays what we call randomness if a) The outcome term is unpredictable in the short term, but the pattern of outcomes is predictable in the long term b) all the outcomes tend to be the same c) the outcomes are completely predictable d) outcomes are not observeable

a) The outcome term is unpredictable in the short term, but the pattern of outcomes is predictable in the long term

Suppose a marine scientist is measuring salinity levels of sea water samples from the atlantic ocean. Suppose the salinity values have a normal distribution with a mean of 35 "parts per mil" and a standard deviation of 2 "parts per mil" about what percentage of salinity measurements will be between 31 and 39 parts per mil? a) 99.7 b) 95 b) 47.5 d) 68

b) 95

A test of Ho: mu =4 vs Ha: mu > 4 with a significance level of alpha= 0.05, yields a p value of 0.023 what is the correct conclusion? a) rejet Ho: conclude mu may equal 4 b) reject Ho; conclude that mu >4 c) do not reject Ho; conclude that mu may equal 4 d) do not reject Ho; conclude that mu>4

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