STATS chapter 3

We would use a pivot table to a. Cross-tabulate frequencies of occurrence of two variables. b. Rotate the data around a central point. c. Establish cause-and-effect between X and Y. d. Display the data in a 3D scatter plot.

Cross-tabulate frequencies of occurrence of two variables.

Which is a not a characteristic of pie charts? A. Pie charts can only convey a general idea of the data values. B.Pie charts are ineffective when they have too many slices. C.Exploded and 3-D pie charts will allow more "slices." D.Pie chart data always represent parts of a whole (e.g., market share)

Exploded and 3-D pie charts will allow more "slices."

Pie charts are attractive to statisticians, but are rarely used in business or general media

False

Stacked dot plots are useful in understanding the association between two paired quantitative variable (X,Y)

False

Sturges' Rule should override judgment about the "right" number of histogram bins

False

The line chart is appropriate for categorical (qualitative) data

False

The zero origin rule may be waived for bar charts if the objective is merely to visualize relative change over time.

False

Which is nota characteristic of using a log scale to display time series data? a. A log scale helps if we are comparing changes in two time series of dissimilar magnitude. b. General business audiences Fnd it easier to interpret a log scale. c. If you display data on a log scale, equal distances represent equal ratios.

General business audiences Fnd it easier to interpret a log scale.

All of the following are used to describe qualitative data except the: A. Bar chart B. Pie chart C. Histogram D. Pareto Chart

Histogram

Which one of the following statistical tools is used with quantitative data? A. Bar chart B. Histogram C. Pie chart D. Pareto chart

Histogram

Which is not a characteristic of a log scale for time series data? a. Log scales are useful when data change by an order of magnitude b. The distance from 5 to 50 is the same as the distance from 50 to 500 c. On a log scale, equal distances represent equal ratios. d. Log scales are generally familiar to the average reader

Log scales are generally familiar to the average reader

The ______________ can be used to differentiate the "vital Few" causes of quality problems from the "trivial many" causes of quality problems. A. histogram B. scatter plot C. Pareto chart D. box plot

Pareto chart

Which is considered a novelty chart in Excel? a. Pie chart. b. Pyramid chart. c. Line chart. d. Column chart.

Pyramid chart.

A ______________ shows the relationship between two variables A. Stem-and-leaf B. Bar chart C. Histogram D. Scatter Plot E. Pie chart

Scatter Plot

Which display is most likely to reveal association between X and Y? A. Dot plot B. Scatter plot C. Histogram D. Pareto chart

Scatter plot

Which of the following graphical tools is not used to study the shapes of distributions? A. Stem-and-Leaf display B. Scatter plot C. Histogram D. Dot plot

Scatter plot

Excel's pyramid charts: A.are generally preferred to pie charts. B.should be avoided despite their visual appeal. C.are generally preferred to line charts. D.show trends more clearly than column charts

should be avoided despite their visual appeal.

Pivot tables a. show cross-tabulations of data. b. are similar in purpose to simple 2D pie charts. c. are not really tables at all. d. show how the data "pivot" around a point.

show cross-tabulations of data.

Which criterion is least likely to be used in choosing bins (classes) in a frequency distribution? A. Following Sturges' Rule B. Selecting "nice" class (bin) limits C. Using aesthetic judgment D. Always starting at zero

Always starting at zero

Which criterion is least likely to be used in choosing bins (classes) in a frequency distribution? a. Selecting "nice" class (bin) limits. b. Always starting at zero. c. Using aesthetic judgment. d. Following Sturges' Rule.

Always starting at zero.

A column chart would be least suitable to display which data? a. One-year CD interest rates paid by the 8 largest U.S. banks. b. U.S. exports to its 6 largest trading partners. c. Annual compensation of 500 company CEOs. d. Exxon-Mobil's quarterly sales for the last 4 years

Annual compensation of 500 company CEOs.

Which is not considered a deceptive graphical technique? a. Axis demarcations. b. Elastic graph proportions. c. Non-zero origin. d. Dramatic title.

Axis demarcations

______________ and _____________ are used to describe qualitative (categorical) data. A. Stem and leaf displays, scatter plots B. Scatter plots, histograms C. Box plots, bar charts D. Bar charts, pie charts E. Pie charts, histograms

Bar charts, pie charts

Which of these deficiencies would be considered a major graphical deception? a. Vague or unclear source. b. Using a dramatic graph title. c. Bar widths proportional to bar height. d. Using more than one color or font.

Bar widths proportional to bar height

A common error with pie charts is using too few "slices"

False

A frequency distribution is a listing of the individual observations arranged in ascending or descending order

False

A pie chart can generally be used instead of a bar chart

False

A scatter plot is useful in visualizing trends over time

False

Excel's pyramid chart is generally preferred to a bar chart

False

Excel's pyramid chart is generally preferred to a bar chart.

False

Excel's pyramid charts make it easier to read the data values

False

Incomes of employees in large firms tend to be negatively skewed, because there is a large number of relatively low - paid workers and a small number of well - paid executives

False

It is easier to read the data values on a 3D column chart than on a 2D column chart

False

Log scales are common because most people are familiar with them

False

Which is not a characteristic of using a log scale to display time series data? a. If you display data on a log scale, equal distances represent equal ratios. b. A log scale helps if we are comparing changes in two time series of dissimilar magnitude. c. General business audiences find it easier to interpret a log scale

General business audiences find it easier to interpret a log scale

When grouping a large sample of items into classes, the ______________ is a better tool than the ___________. A. Histogram, stem and leaf display B. Box plot, histogram C. Stem and Leaf display, scatter plot D. Scatter plot, box plot

Histogram, stem and leaf display

When developing a frequency distribution the class (group), intervals should be A. Large B. Small C. Integer D. Mutually exclusive E. Equal

Mutually exclusive

Which data would be suitable for a pie chart? A.Whirlpool Corporation's sales revenue for the last Fve years B.Oxnard University student category (undergraduate, masters,doctoral) C.Average SAT scores for entering freshmen at 10 major U.S. universities D.U.S. toy imports from China over the past decade

Oxnard University student category (undergraduate, masters,doctoral)

Large investment companies underwrite the initial public offerings (IPO's) for companies going public. From January 1, 1998 to April 1, 1999, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter underwrote $12.21 billion, Merrill Lynch $11.24 billion. The total underwriting amount for all IPO's during this period was $62.64 billion. Which of the following graphs would be the most appropriate and informative display of the data from all 77 underwriting companies? A. Line chart B. Pareto Diagram C. Histogram D. Pie Chart

Pareto Diagram

Which data would be suitable for a pie chart? a. Percent vote in the last election by party (Democrat, Republican, Other) b. Prices paid by ten students for their accounting textbooks. c. Retail prices of six major brands of color laser printers. d. Labor cost per vehicle for ten major world automakers.

Percent vote in the last election by party (Democrat, Republican, Other)

A bar chart can generally be used instead of a line chart for time series data

True

A frequency distribution is a tabulation of n data values into n classes called bins.

True

A frequency distribution usually has equal bin widths

True

A modal class is the class with the largest number of observations

True

A scatter plot requires two quantitative variables (i.e., not categorical data)

True

Compared to a dot plot, we lose some detail when we present data in a frequency distribution.

True

Line charts are not used for cross-sectional data

True

One of the drawbacks of the histogram is that we lose potentially useful information by classifying the observations and sacrificing whatever information was contained in the actual observations

True

Pie charts are useful in displaying frequencies that sum to a total

True

Scatter plots are used to visualize association in samples of paired data (X, Y)

True

Sturges' Rule is merely a suggestion, not an ironclad requirement.

True

Which is not a characteristic of a dot plot? A. Simplicity B. Legibility C. Wide bins D. Dot stacking

Wide bins

which of these deficiencies would be consider a major graphical deception? a. vague or unclear source b. using more than one color or front c. bar widths proportional to bar heights d. using a dramatic graph titles

bar widths proportional to bar heights

Histograms generally do not reveal the a. degree of skewness. b. relative frequencies. c. modal classes (bins). d. exact data range.

exact data range.

Histograms generally do not reveal the a. relative frequencies. b. exact data range. c. modal classes (bins). d. degree of skewness

exact data range.

which is not a poor graphic technique? a. gratuitous pictures b. labeled axis scales c. 3D bar charts d. rotated axis

labeled axis scales

which is the most serious deceptive graphical technique? a. vague source b. using bold colors c. non-zero origin d. unlabeled data points

non-zero origin

The Pareto chart is used to display the "vital few" causes of problems

True

The original data values cannot be assessed once they are grouped into a frequency distribution

True

A sample of families was asked how many pets they owned. Their responses are summarized in the following table. # Pets # Families 0 3 1 10 2 5 3 4 4 2 5 1 Suppose you created a histogram of this sample. Describe it. A. The histogram would have five columns with each column increasingly higher than the first one, peaking at 5. The histogram is very right skewed. B. The histogram would have five columns with a peak at 1 and the remaining columns would rapidly decrease to the low point at 5. The histogram is highly left skewed. C. The histogram would have six columns with a peak at 1, a sharp decline on the left, and a gradual decline on the right. The histogram is pretty right skewed. D. The histogram would have six columns with a peak at 2.5, and the other columns would very regularly decrease in height as one moved away from the peak.

The histogram would have six columns with a peak at 1, a sharp decline on the left, and a gradual decline on the right. The histogram is pretty right skewed.

When using a dot plot with a small sample, which is least apparent? a. Central tendency of data in the data set. b. The overall shape of the distribution. c. Dispersion of data values within the array. d. Location of data values within the array.

The overall shape of the distribution.

Which is not a reason why pie charts are popular in business? A.They can convey a general idea of the data to a nontechnical audience. B.They can display major changes in parts of a whole (e.g., market share). C.They are more precise than line charts, despite their low visual impact. D.They can be labeled with data values to facilitate interpretation

They are more precise than line charts, despite their low visual impact.