STDs

Pediculosis pubis

(also known as "crabs" and "pubic lice") is a disease caused by the crab louse Phthirus pubis, a parasitic insect notorious for infesting human pubic hair; treated by a lice-killing lotion containing 1% permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide can be used to treat pediculosis pubis.

virus

1) A sub-microscopic, non-cellular particle with only a DNA or RNA core and a protein coat. 2) Viruses cannot reproduce outside a living cell. They are not considered to be alive. Examples of viral STDs 1) Herpes 2) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 3) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Lymphocytes

1) A type of white blood cell 2) Two categories a) Large Natural Killer cells (NK) b) Small T cells and B cells 3) Play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses

Phagocytes

1) A type of white blood cells 2) Crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells 3) Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing particles such as bacteria, parasites, dead host cells, and cellular and foreign debris by a cell

Pathogenic Fungi

1) A type of yeast 2) Candida albicans is the most common type to infect mucous membranes in the mouth or genitals Examples of fungal STDs 1) Vaginal yeast infection 2) Fungal balanitis (yeast infection of the penis)

Antigens

1) Are molecules recognizable to the IMS 2) "Self" antigens (me) are usually tolerated by the IMS 3) "Non-self" antigens are recognized by the IMS as intruders eliciting an IMS response

Antibodies

1) Are proteins produced by a kind of white blood cells (plasma cell) in response to the presence of foreign antigens. 2) Identify foreign antigens (viruses & bacteria) 3) Each antibody is produced specifically in response to a specific antigen 4) The body has the ability to produce billions of different antibodies

Symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea may include?

1) Painful urination 2) No symptoms at all 3) Abdominal pain caused by PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) 4) Unusual discharge from the vagina or penis

The likelihood of transmitting or contracting an STD depends on numerous factors, including?

1) Presence of existing infection and/or disease 2) How well the immune system is functioning 3) Exposure to high viral or bacterial loads 4) The use of protection such as condoms, dental dams or latex gloves 5) Stress and/or being overly tired

If you think you might have an STD...

1) Refrain from sexual activity or take extra percussion until the test results are known. 2) It's advisable that you get tested at your doctor's office, or at sexual and reproductive health care clinic such as, Planned Parenthood. 3) Communicate with your partner(s) as soon as possible; while this is not always easy, it is a responsibility that comes with the decision to have sex.

bacteria

1) Unicellular, microscopic organisms 2) Binary fission (cloning process) Examples of bacterial STDs 1) Gonorrhea 2) Chlamydia 3) Syphilis

The body's Warm Moist Transitional Zones includes...

1) anus and the urethra. 2) vagina and glans (head) of the penis. 3) eyes, mouth and throat

Ectoparasites

1)Organisms that live on or in another species, gaining nutrients from it. Examples of parasitic STDs 1) Pediculosis pubis (crabs or pubic lice) 2) Scabies

Parasitic Protozoa

A diverse group of single-cell eukaryotic organisms Example of a parasitic protozoa STDs 1) Trichomonas vaginalis

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, burning pain when urinating, and a discharge; treated with antibiotics

What was the Tuskegee Study about?

A study conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service that explored the progression of untreated syphilis in African American men

The immune system response is orchestrated by, which of the following cells?

CD4+ T cells

Which is the most common STD caused by bacteria?

Chlamydia

Chlamydia treatment

Chlamydia can be easily treated and cured with antibiotics. A single dose of azithromycin or a week of doxycycline (twice daily) is the most commonly used treatments.

Candida albicans is caused by what organism?

Fungus

What is the best way to know your STD status?

Get yourself tested regularly for STDs so that you know your current status.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of the drugs used to treat them. This means the germs are not killed and they will continue to reproduce. The bacteria that cause the STD is known as, ___________, has developed resistance to nearly all of the antibiotics used for treatment. One of the most problematic strains that have developed resistance is called H041.

Gonorrhea

What's the most common sexually transmitted infection?

HPV

What is the most effective way of preventing STD transmission?

Know your own and your partner(s) STD status, and use appropriate protection when needed.

Chlamydia

Nicknamed the "silent" disease since most people infected are asymptomatic. This is one of the most common STDs with nearly 3 million new infections yearly. When symptoms do occur they may involve pain and burning with urination, abnormal discharge from the penis, vagina or anus. If left untreated can lead to sterility, PID and in case of pregnancy, an ectopic pregnancy.

Candidiasis

Occurs when there is an overgrowth of yeast. The infection is most common in the vaginal tract, but can also take form in the back of the mouth, then referred to as thrush. Penile candidiasis may also occur but is rare. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge that has a consistency similar to cottage cheese, white slightly raised areas in the mouth, and whitish substance on the head of the penis and foreskin.

Trichomoniasis is caused by what organism?

Parasitic Protozoa

Your friend knows that you are taking this class about sex and sexuality, and they ask you about some recent symptoms they have experienced that include, severe itching and a red rash that has developed on their genitals. Based on what you have learned in class you might suggest that they may have contracted_______ but should seek medical attention to get an actual diagnosis and possible treatment.

Scabies

Genital Herpes

Symptoms generally begin 2-14 days after initial infection and include flu-like symptoms such as pain in the buttocks, swollen glands and maybe a fever. Fluid-filled blisters form that will eventually dry up and heal. The first outbreak tends to be the most severe, sub-sequent outbreaks tend to produce less symptoms and tend to be shorter in length. Most people never develop visible blisters, hence one of the reasons it continues to transmit.

Who is most likely to have an STD?

Teens and young adults

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The most common STD with about 79 million Americans currently infected and about 14 million new infections per year. This STD is so common that it is estimated that most sexually active people will contract this at some point in their lives. This infection is relatively harmless, sometimes warts develops known as condyloma. There are, however, six strains that have been associated with the development of cancer. Therefore it is recommend to get regular pap smear tests of the cervix and/or anus and to get vaccinated, Gardasil is one example of such a vaccine.

Trichomoniasis treatment

Trichomoniasis can be cured with a single dose of prescription antibiotic medication (either metronidazole or tinidazole)

T or F: Failing to clean sex toys can lead to the spread of STDs. Re-infection with a sexually transmitted infection via a sex toy is possible, though the risk of this decreases over time since the lifespan of most organisms that cause STDs are relatively short outside of the body. Transmission can occur from person to person when sex toys are shared, or a person could re-infect themselves if the toys are not cleaned properly. To prevent transmission of and STD via sex toys, be sure to clean them after every use, and always use a condom on things used for penetration, such as dildos and vibrators.

True

T or F: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that nearly 20 million new STIs occur every year in this country, half of those among young people aged 15-24.

True

Herpes is caused by what organism?

Virus

condyloma

a wartlike lesion on the genitals caused by HPV

Trichomoniasis

an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder

Syphilis and treatment

an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete; treated with antibiotics specifically penicillin

When a foreign organism enters your body, your immune system recognizes this by detecting the organism's foreign:

antigens

Gonorrhea is caused by what organism?

bacteria

There are five different organisms that are responsible for causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). One of these organisms,___________ is unicellular and has the capability of cloning itself in a process called binary fission.

bacteria

Which of the following STD's are caused by viruses? a. Syphilis b. Chlamydia c. HIV disease d. Condyloma e. Genital herpes

c. HIV disease d. Condyloma e. Genital herpes

Which of the following STDs does not currently have a cure? a. Syphilis b. Chlamydia c. Herpes Simplex I and II d. Scabies e. Trichomoniasis

c. Herpes Simplex I and II

Which of the following STDs are caused by bacteria? a. Scabies b. Vaginal yeast infection c. Syphilis d. Gonorrhea e. Chlamydia

c. Syphilis d. Gonorrhea e. Chlamydia

Scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact; treated by Permethrin cream (5%) applied to all areas of the body from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours. Ivermectin 200µg/kg orally, repeated in 2 weeks.

Which of the following is the most recent STD? a. HPV b. Chlamydia c. Syphilis d. HIV e. Gonorrhea

d. HIV

Candida albicans is a type of _________that most commonly infect the oral cavity and the genitals

fungi

The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte B cells provides:

immunity

Scabies is caused by what organism?

parasite

The term ____________ refers to an organism that is dependent on a blood meal from a human host for their survival, such as lice and mites that attach or burrow into the skin

parasite

Lastly, ___________ ____________ is a type of single-cell eukaryotic organism that lives in humans, for example, trichomonas vaginalis.

parasitic protozoa

The cell that engulfs bacteria and foreign debris by a cell is called:

phagocyte

Which STD has 4 stages? and what are they?

syphilis 1) Primary Stage (chancre) 2) Secondary Stage (rash) 3) Latent Stage (asymptomatic) 4) Tertiary Stage (internal organ damage)

Another infectious agent responsible for several STDs is the __________ which is a sub-microscopic organism that replicates only inside living cells.

virus