STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTATION
Biostratigraphy:
(care about fossils) The branch of stratigraphy that uses fossils (e.g. index fossils) to establish relative ages of rock and correlate successions of sedimentary rocks within and between depositional basins.
Chronostratigraphy
(care about time or age) the branch of stratigraphy that deals with the relative time relations and ages of rock bodies.
Lithostratigraphy
(care about type of rock) The branch of stratigraphy that deals with the description and nomenclature of the rocks based on their lithology (rock type) and their stratigraphic relations.
Basic Laws of Stratigraphy
1. Principle of Superposition 2. Principle of Original Horizontality 3. Principle of cross-cutting relationships 4. Principle of Uniformitarianism 5. Principle of Faunal Succession
what is Major Branches of Stratigraphy?
Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy ,Chronostratigraphy, Magnetostratigraphy, and Sequence stratigraphy (informal)
Bed
Smallest formal lithostratigraphic Unit
IMPORTANCE OF STRATIGRAPHY
Stratigraphy is the key to understand Earth, its material, structure and past life. It compasses everything that has happened in the history of the planet."
Members
Subdivisions of formations that possess characteristics that distinguish it from other parts of the formation
Sequence stratigraphy (informal):
The analysis of stratigraphic successions in terms of genetically related packages of strata, bounded by discontinuities (unconformities).
Stratigraphy
The branch of geology that seeks to understand the geometric relationships between different rock layers (strata), and to interpret the history represented by these rock layers.
Formation:
a mappable rock unit with distinct upper and lower boundaries that often represent a single depositional setting, and thus a single rock type or set of related facies.
Group
consists of two or more formations that related lithologically.
Magnetostratigraphy
the branch of stratigraphy that uses Earth's magnetic field polarity (reversals) to determine the age of rock units.
Sedimentology
the scientific study of the classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
