STRUCTURAL REFRESHER
The ASTM Standard Specification for General. Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes and Sheet Piling a. ASTM A6 b. ASTM A36 c. ASTM A148 d. ASTM A325
a. ASTM A6
What makes a long column to buckle? a. Axial Compression b. Bearing Capacity Failure c. Shear Tension
a. Axial Compression
A reinforcement used to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member; typically bars either single leg or bent into L, U or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement. a. Shear Cap b. Stirrup c. Shores d. Specialty Insert
b. Stirrup
It is the change in shape of a material created when stress is applied. a. Deflection b. Strain c. Deformation
b. Strain
The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force. It is the ratio of the change in size and shape to the original size and shape Of the body. a. Deflection b. Stress c. Strain
b. Stress
What do you catl the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other structures? a. Base b. Substructure c. Superstructure
b. Substructure
Identify the figure of a structural steel at right, a. I- Beam b. T- Beam c. Inverted Double L- Beam d. VH Flange (Vertical-Horizontal Flange)
b. T- Beam
It is the length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section. a. Effective Embedment Depth b. Embedment Length c. Effective Length d. Development Length
b. Embedment Length
A Gap between building elements that allows them to move with expansion due to changes in temperature or moisture a. Seismic Gap b. Expansion Gap c. Temperature Gap d. Moisture Gap
b. Expansion Gap
It allows the independent movement between adjoining structural members in order to prevent cracks. It allows for thermal expansion and contraction. a. Construction Joint b. Expansion Joint c. Cold Joint d. Contraction Joint
b. Expansion Joint
It is the product of the Nominal Load and a Load Factor a. Impact Load b. Factored Load c. Load and Resistance Factor d. Applied Load
b. Factored Load
Stress due to repeated loads a. Stress b. Fatigue c. Delta Effect
b. Fatigue
Restrained Support a. Loose Support b. Fixed End Support c. Span Length
b. Fixed End Support
A Structural Member whose function is to Transfer the Loads from a Building Safely into the Ground. a. Column b. Footing c. Beam
b. Footing
Where do Shear Walls rest? a. Footing b. Foundation c. Ground Floor d. 2nd Floor
b. Foundation
The Soil or Rock directly beneath the footing is a. Grade Rock b. Foundation Bed c. Soil
b. Foundation Bed
A concrete beam placed directly on the ground to provide foundation for the superstructure a. Strap Beam b. Grade Beam c. Gerber Beam d. Tie Beam
b. Grade Beam
On an ordinary site, where should the foundation rest? a. Bed Rock b. Hard Strata c. Earth's mantle
b. Hard Strata
It is the Depth below ground Water level multiplied by the Weight of Water. a. Soil Bearing Pressure b. Hydrostatic Pressure c. Hydraulic Pressure d. Settlement Capacity
b. Hydrostatic Pressure
It is a beam, usually made of structural steel, with two horizontal flanges connected by a vertical web at the middle of the flanges. a. Z-shape b. I-beam c. Double C- beam d. HSS
b. I-beam
What's the most probable reason why a slab-on-fill cracks? a. Lack of reinforcing bars b. Improper soil compaction c. Failure of concrete mix
b. Improper soil compaction
What needs to be done to the Footing Dimension to reduce Soil Bearing Pressure? a. Adjust the excavation area of the footing b. Increase the dimension or area of footing
b. Increase the dimension or area of footing
Assuming the site will be on Adobe soil, what foundation will you use? a. Bored Pile b. Isolated Footing c. Sheet Pile d. Footings with Tie Beams
b. Isolated Footing
What forces does a Curtain Wall resist? a. Its Own Weight b. Its Own Weight plus Wind Load c. Wind Load
b. Its Own Weight plus Wind Load
Furniture is an example of a. Wind Load b. Live Load c. Dead Load d. Ponding Load
b. Live Load
Will most likely fail due to buckling a. Short Column b. Long Column c. Intermediate Column d. Mini-Column
b. Long Column
If a Project is to be constructed on a Converted Farm Land, what Foundation is recommended? a. Isolated b. Mat c. Floating d. Grid
b. Mat
In Reinforced Concrete Beams, which portion is under Tension? a. Top b. Middle c. Bottom
b. Middle
What do you call ratio Stress I Strain? a. Poisson's Ratio b. Modulus of Elasticity c. Flexible d. Hard
b. Modulus of Elasticity
Pascal (Pa), the Sl unit Of stress, is expressed in a. N/m b. N/m2 c. kg/m d. kgm/s2
b. N/m2
A Slab supported by beams at only 2 sides a. Two-Beam Slab b. One Way Slab c. Hickory Slab d. Two Way Slab
b. One Way Slab
A Slab whose main reinforcement is provided in only one direction a. One Direction Slab b. One Way Slab c. Two Way Slab d. Uni-direction Slab
b. One Way Slab
A building collapses without any warning. How was the building designed? a. Underreinforced b. Overreinforced
b. Overreinforced
When the building or part of it rises due to the upward heave in a clay subsoil or chemical expansion regardless of the building's weight and style of construction a. Sliding b. Overturning c. Underpinning d. Bearing Failure
b. Overturning
What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column? a. Floating b. Planted c. Eccentric
b. Planted
As a rule of convention for signs a. Positive moment is counter clockwise and negative moment is clockwise b. Positive moment is clockwise and negative moment is counter clockwise c. It doesn't matter
b. Positive moment is clockwise and negative moment is counter clockwise
The figure above is a a. Rebar Slab b. Post-Tensioned Slab c. Coffered Slab d. Waffle Slab
b. Post-Tensioned Slab
For Flat Slab Construction, when additional loading is imposed on the slab, why is there a need to thicken the section at the column? a. Prevent Twisting b. Prevent Punching Shear c. To prevent buckling or crippling
b. Prevent Punching Shear
To avoid hydrostatic pressure to force forward a retaining wall, what js the best thing to do? a. Soil should be well cornpacted b. Provide a drainage
b. Provide a drainage
What do you call a horizontal member of a structure that is fixed at both ends? a. Cantilever Beam b. Restrained/ Fixed end beam c. End Beam
b. Restrained/ Fixed end beam
What is Curing? a. Fast Drying of Concrete b. Retaining of Water through hydration c. Evaporation of moisture
b. Retaining of Water through hydration
A material that possesses a very high Young's Modulus is a. Elastic b. Rigid c. Flexible d. Hard
b. Rigid
It is a web found in a structural member a. Rafter b. Roof Truss c. Purlin d. Batten
b. Roof Truss
From the Figure, which is more dangerous during an earthquake? a. Sublimation b. Rupture c. Shaking
b. Rupture
It is a Wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the wall. a. Bearing Walt b. Shear Wall c. Parapet Wall d. Retaining Wall
b. Shear Wall
Pedestals, Piers or Compression Blocks are classified as a. Intermediate b. Short Column c. Mini-Column d. Long Column
b. Short Column
It is one in which the lateral Stiffness is less than 70 percent of the stiffness of the story above a. Weak Story b. Soft Story c. Story Drift d. Story Drift Ratio
b. Soft Story
What causes the Upward Force that acts on Footings? a. Horizontal Force b. Soil c. Earth's Core
b. Soil
What do you call the Distance between Supports? a. Developed Length b. Span Length c. Bay Length
b. Span Length
It is a column that is symmetrical to its other axis a. Rectangular b. Square and Circular c. Triangular
b. Square and Circular
Which is a better design? a. Concrete and Steel should be designed to fail simultaneously b. Steel should be designed to fail first before Concrete. c. Concrete should be designed to fail first before Steel. d. Doesn't matter as the building will collapse anyway.
b. Steel should be designed to fail first before Concrete.
Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete in the column if the pouring cannot be done in one setting? a. At the shearing points b. At the center c. At the middle third of the column
c. At the middle third of the column
Up to what depth should a Soil Boring Test be done? a. 5.00m b. 1.50rn c. Bedrock d. 3.00m
c. Bedrock
A slight curve built intentionally into a beam, slab, girder or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection. a. Buckle b. Curvature c. Camber d. Deflection
c. Camber
Another term for Tangential Stress? a. Tensile Stress b. Tangential Stress c. Circumferential Stress d. Bending Moment
c. Circumferential Stress
What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together? a. Laminate b. Chemical Compound c. Composite
c. Composite
Test used to determine the strength of concrete a. Slump Test b. Core Drill Test c. Compression Test d. Core Test
c. Compression Test
It is the Stress caused by an applied load that acts to reduce the length of a material along the axis of the applied load. a. Shear Stress b. Tensile Stress c. Compressive Stress d. Normal Stress
c. Compressive Stress
When laying concrete, it is sometimes not possible to pour in one setting. It can be due to weather, time constraints lack of materials or even by design. Hence, there will now be a separation between old and newly poured concrete once concrete pouring resumes. What do you call this? a. Expansion Joint b. Contraction Joint c. Construction Joint d. Cold Joint
c. Construction Joint
It is a formed, sawed or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure. a. Construction Joint b. Expansion Joint c. Contraction Joint d. Cold Joint
c. Contraction Joint
It is the Height of the Wall divided by its Thickness (H/t) a. Height-Thickness Ratio of the Wall b. Euclid's Ratio of the Wall c. Slenderness Ratio of the Wall
c. Slenderness Ratio of the Wall
In PERT-CPM, the difference between the scheduled and actual accomplishments is referred to as a. Float b. Network c. Slippage d. Node
c. Slippage
Effect of torsion a. Shrinks b. Bends c. Twists
c. Twists (Torsion the twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the body).
A Slab whose main reinforcement is provided in both direction a. Both Direction Slab b. Both Way Slab c. Two Way Slab d. Dual-direction slab
c. Two Way Slab
For a beam, what is the camber direction? a. Downward b. Diagonal c. Upward d. Lateral
c. Upward
Identify the figure a. 1-way slab b. 2-way slab c. Waffle Slab d. Flat Slab
c. Waffle Slab
What do you call the Vertical and Diagonal Members of a Truss? a. Top Chord b. Bottom Chord c. Web Members d. Rafters
c. Web Members
A36 steel is the most common type Of Steel Alloy. What does the number 36 mean? a. Ultimate Limit b. Allowable Bending Stress c. Yield Strength d. Modulus of Elasticity
c. Yield Strength
Construction joints in floors shall be located within____ of spans of slabs, beams and girders. a. the edge b. the middle c. middle third d. Joints Not Allowed
c. middle third
The unit of stress in the Imperial System. a. Pascal b. N/m2 c. psi d. grains
c. psi
It is the distance measured from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of tension reinforcement. a. Depth of Section b. Nominal Depth of Section c. Effective Embedment Depth d. Effective Depth of Section
d. Effective Depth of Section
It is the ability of a material to return to its previous shape after stress is released. a. Elongatability b. Ductility c. Young's Modulus d. Elasticity
d. Elasticity
From the Figure above, a. 1-way slab b. 2-way slab c. Waffle slab d. Flat Slab
d. Flat Slab
Why do we use Tie Beams?
- Tie the Columns
What is the purpose of stirrups aside from resisting vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam?
Hold Longitudinal Bars in Place
What is the minimum thickness Of a Wall Footing? a. 0.20m b. 0.30m C. 0.40m d. 0.50m
a. 0.20m
What is the minimum allowable dimension of a Reinforced Concrete Column? a. 0.20mm b. 0.30mm c. 0.40mm d. 0.50mm
a. 0.20mm
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting shear a. 0.40 Fy b. 0.50 FY c. 0.60 FY d. 0.90 FY
a. 0.40 Fy
Allowable stress for tension in Structural Steel in terms a. 0.60 of the specified minimum Yield Stress b. 0.50 of the specified minimum Yield Stress c. 0.45 of the Specified minimum Yield Stress d. 0.66 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
a. 0.60 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
Flexural stress without axial load a. 0.90fy b. 0.75fy c. 0.65fy
a. 0.90fy
From the Figure above, a. 1-way slab b. 2-way slab c. Waffle slab d. Flat Slab
a. 1-way slab
116. Given a Simply Supported Beam 6m in length in a room with a clear headroom of 2.40m, what is the clear floor to ceiling height? a. 2.775m b. 0.375m c. 2.025m d. 2.815m
a. 2.775m Note: For Simply Supported Beams, use d=L/16
The minimum clear spacing between spirals is a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 75mm d. 100mm
a. 25mm
What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place 2nd floor slabs considering 42mm dia bars? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
a. 40 mm
What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place beams not exposed to weather? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
a. 40 mm
What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place columns not exposed to weather? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
a. 40 mm
For a 4m concrete beam, what is the recommended camber? a. 40mm b. 12mm c. 50mm d. 25mm
a. 40mm
The maximum clear spacing between spirals is a. 75mm b. 25mm c. 100mm d. 50mm
a. 75mm
L/R also known as a. Poisson's Ratio b. Hooke's Ratio c. Slenderness Ratio d. Rigidity Factor
c. Slenderness Ratio
The term in working stress design, refers to reinforced concrete beam in which the cross-sectional areas of concrete and steel are of such dimensions that each develops its full allowable stress simultaneously: a. Balanced Design b. Over reinforced c. Under reinforced d. Elastic Theory
a. Balanced Design
On Concrete Pouring of Beams and Slabs, which should be poured first with One day interval? a. Beam First b. Slab First c. Doesn't Matter w/c is poured first d. Must be poured at the same time
a. Beam First
What usually happens to steel when stressed? a. Bend b. Twist c. Break d. Rupture
a. Bend
What happens to the Footing when it is starting to deform? a. Bend upward b. Cracks at the bottom
a. Bend upward
What foundation presents the MOST disturbance & potential damage to neighboring lots? a. Bored Pile b. Sheet Pile c. Isolated Footing d. Footing with Tie Beams
a. Bored Pile
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces a. Braced Frame b. Bearing Wall System c. Building Frame System d. Horizontal Bracing System
a. Braced Frame
A property of materials that causes it to suddenly rupture under stress with little or no evident deformation. a. Brittleness b. Ductility c. Malleability d. Eccentricity
a. Brittleness
If a Project is located on a Steep Ground, what type of Foundation would you recommend? a. Cantilever b. Isolated c. Mat d. Floating
a. Cantilever
How can determine if the existing slab is structurally sound if there is no data given? a. Core Cylinder Test b. Compression Cylinder Test
a. Core Cylinder Test
The Figure above shows different types of failures that can occur in a retaining wall. Figure D is a. Deep-seated Shear Failure b. Bearing Capacity Failure c. Overturning d. Sliding
a. Deep-seated Shear Failure
How do you connect pre-stressed concrete to reinforced concrete? a. Dowel b. Mortar c. Anchors
a. Dowel
Combination of intermediate moment resisting space frame and shear walls a. Dual b. Combined c. Composite
a. Dual
Soil testing is done a. During site investigation b. Before excavation c. After excavation
a. During site investigation
What does Slenderness Ratio determine? a. Effective Length b. Buckling c. Effective Depth d. Maximum Height of Column
a. Effective Length
Overreinforced Concrete a. More dangerous than underreinforced concrete b. Less dangerous than underreinforced concrete c. equal d. It doesn't matter
a. More dangerous than underreinforced concrete
Most likely failure for a retaining wan a. Failure at moment arm b. Punch a hole on the wall
a. Failure at moment arm
What supports the Shear Wall? a. Footing b. Column c. Beam d. Roof
a. Footing
On a swampy area, what type of soil should the foundation rest on? a. Hard to very hard b. Very soft to soft c. Medium to soft
a. Hard to very hard
If a glass can withstand high compression on its outer fiber and tension at the center, how would you describe it? a. Highly resistant to breakage b. Highly susceptible to breakage C. Flexible
a. Highly resistant to breakage
The section of a beam at which the bending moment changes from positive to negative and at this point, the bending moment is zero a. Inflection Point b. Deflection Point c. Reflection Point d. M-zero point
a. Inflection Point
Usually fails by both crushing and buckling a. Intermediate Column b. Short Column c. Mini-Column d. Long Column
a. Intermediate Column
Newton (N) is the SI unit of Force and was names after Isaac Newton in recognition of his contributions to the field of Mechanics. It is denoted by N and is expressed in a. Kg m/s2 b. Kg m2/s2 c. Kg m/s d. Kg m2/s
a. Kg m/s2
For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of the Longer span (L) to the shorter span (B) is a. L/B < 2 b. L/B < 4 c. L/B > = 2 d. L/B > 4
a. L/B < 2
Earthquakes have Vertical and Lateral Effects on High Rise Structures, which is more Critical? a. Lateral Effects b. Critical Effects
a. Lateral Effects
It is the general term for forces that act on a building a. Load b. Weight c. Burden d. Cargo
a. Load
This type of Foundation is frequently utilized as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. It is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions. a. Mat Foundation b. Strap Foundation c. Combined Footing d. Isolated Footing
a. Mat Foundation
Also called the Shear Modulus, it is the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain and is denoted by G. a. Modulus Of Rigidity b. Poisson's Ratio c. Bulk Modulus d. Young's Modulus
a. Modulus Of Rigidity
Young's Modulus is the ratio of Stress along an axis to the Strain along that axis in the range of stress in which Hooke's law holds. It is also known a. Modulus of Elasticity b. Bulk Modulus c. Modulus of Rigidity d. Poisson's Ratio
a. Modulus of Elasticity
What will transmit the loads of the structure to the piles? a. Pile Cap b. Column c. Footing d. Pile
a. Pile Cap
When a weak soil layer is located at a shallow depth within the depth Of 1.5 times the width of the base slab of a retaining wall. What should be placed behind a Retaining Wail to avoid excessive soil settlement? a. Place lightweight backfill materials b. Damp Proofing c. Gabion Wall system
a. Place lightweight backfill materials
The ratio of Lateral Strain / Longitudinal Strain a. Poisson's Ratio b. Modulus of Elasticity c. Hooke's Law d. Safety Factor, fs
a. Poisson's Ratio
Why should rebars have concrete cover? a. Prevent Rust b. Aesthetic Considerations c. Strength d. Adhesion
a. Prevent Rust
The greatest Stress at which a material is capable of sustaining the applied load without deviating from the proportionality of stress to strain. It is expressed in psi or kg/mm2 a. Proportional Limit b. Elastic Limit c. Atterberg Limit d. Plastic Limit
a. Proportional Limit
While traversing EDSA you will see the elevated MRT. What do you call the concrete portion of the MRT running parallel to the road where the tracks of the train are placed? a. Rail Beam b. Girder c. Box Girder
a. Rail Beam
Which would enhance the building against Lateral forces? a. Rigid Core b. Solid Perimeter c. Mat Foundation
a. Rigid Core
A Gap between buildings that allow them to move during an earthquake a. Seismic Gap b. Expansion Gap c. Temperature Gap d. Moisture Gap
a. Seismic Gap
It is the Stress caused by a pair opposing forces that acts along parallel lines through the material. a. Shear Stress b. Tensile Stress c. Compressive Stress d. Normal Stress
a. Shear Stress
A structural system used to counter the effect of Lateral Forces like wind and earthquake load. It is also referred to as a Structural Wall. a. Shear Wall b. Diaphragm c. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF) d. Seismic Wall
a. Shear Wall
Which is dangerous? a. Shear wall with many openings b. Shear wall at center c. Shear wall at outer edge of building
a. Shear wall with many openings
What do you call the Upward Force acting on Spread Footing? a. Soil Bearing Pressure b. Static Pressure c. Hydrostatic Pressure
a. Soil Bearing Pressure
43. A method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. It is a very significant part of the building process and if improperly done could cause soil settlement which could result to unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. There are several methods of achieving this which include: Static, Impact, Vibrating, Gyrating, Rolling and Kneading. a. Soil Compaction b. Soil Liquefaction c. Soil Stabilization d. Pile Driving
a. Soil Compaction
It is the extent of space between two supports of a structure. It also refers to the structure so supported. a. Span b. Nominal Length c. Effective Length d. Bay Spacing
a. Span
Which is the best column? Why? a. Square b. Rectangle c. Circular d. Triangular
a. Square
Is the Story Drift divided by the Story Height. a. Story Drift Ratio b. Poisson's Ratio c. Drift-Height Ratio d. Story Shear
a. Story Drift Ratio
An instrument used to measure deformation a. Strain Gauge b. Extensometer
a. Strain Gauge (More Technical)
It is the Force per unit Area (F/A)on a body that tends to cause it to change shape a. Stress b. Strain
a. Stress
For stairs, the load rests on the a. Stringer b. Riser c. Baluster d. Tread
a. Stringer
What do you call the wires/cables where Jacking force is applied? a. Tendons b. Strands c. Pipes
a. Tendons
Capacity to absorb/counter tensile or elevation stress a. Tensile Strength b. Impact Strength c. Fatigue Strength d. Compressive Strength
a. Tensile Strength
A Brick Wall is weak in a. Tension b. Compression c. Torsion
a. Tension
The Bottom part of the Footing is in? a. Tension b. Compression
a. Tension
Testing of concrete When using transit mix a. Testing laboratory b. On site c. Anywhere but witnessed d. Batching plant
a. Testing laboratory
.Why is it that rebars should have concrete cover? a. To prevent rust b. For aesthetic consideration c. Strength d. Adhesion
a. To prevent rust
In Reinforced Concrete Beams. Which portion is under Compression? a. Top b. Middle c. Bottom
a. Top
The Main Bars for Cantilevered Slabs are located at a. Top b. Middle c. Bottom d. Anywhere
a. Top
What is the Best Location of Support for a One Way Slab? a. Top Of Slab b. End of Slab c. Middle Third
a. Top Of Slab
Trusses are formed using a series of what type of figures? a. Triangles b. Circles c. Rectangles d. Square
a. Triangles
All things being equal, larger aggregates will produce stronger concrete compared with that using smaller aggregates. a. True b. False c. Maybe d. Doesnt Matter
a. True
From the Figure above, what kind of retaining wall failure is shown by C? a. Undermining b. Overturning c. Underpinning d. Sliding
a. Undermining
What do you call the Act or Process of Enlarging an Existing Foundation? a. Underpinning b. Specialty Insert c. Floating Foundation
a. Underpinning
What is the most important determinant of concrete strength? a. Water b. Cement c. Sand d. Gravel
a. Water
It is the amount of stress that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformations a. Yield Strength b. Ultimate Tensile Strength
a. Yield Strength
Spacing of Metal Studs a.0.60m b.0.40m c.0.80m
a.0.60m
What is the minimum width Of a Wall Footing? a. 0.20m b. 0.30m c. 0.40m d. 0.50m
b. 0.30m
What should be the minimum depth of footing for a converted rice field site? a. 0.60m b. 1.00m c. 0.80m
b. 1.00m
Minimum thickness for loading bearing walls a. 125mm b. 150mm c. 100mm d. 200mm
b. 150mm
From the Figure above, a. 1 -way slab b. 2-way slab c. Waffle slab d. Flat Slab
b. 2-way slab
What is the minimum concrete cover Of cast-in-place 3rd floor slabs considering 36mm dia bars? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
b. 20 mm
Driven Piles Of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less than? a. 150 mm b. 200 mm c. 250 mm d. 300 mm
b. 200 mm
Backfill shall be placed in layers and each layer shall be compacted. a. 100mm b. 200mm c. 600mm d. 1000mm
b. 200mm
Driven Piles of uniform section shall have a minimum nominal outside diameter of? a. 150mm b. 200mm c. 250mm d. 300mm
b. 200mm
Joints in girders shall be offset a minimum distance of how much the width of intersecting beams? a. 1x b. 2x c. 2.50x d. 3x
b. 2x
How many top bars are in B1? a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 16
b. 4
Determine the number of stirrups in Girder B-D along Grid 2 a. 46 b. 47 c. 50 d. 51
b. 47
Minimum and Maximum spacing of Lateral Beams? a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 75mm d. 100mm
b. 50mm
From the Figure at right, what is the distance between 3A and 3B. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8
b. 6
The minimum concrete cover for column footing is a. 30mm b. 75mm c. 50mm d. 40mm
b. 75mm
The Architect asks you to order from the supplier a W8x35 wide flange steel section. What do the two numbers used to designate a wide flange describe? a. 8 inches Wide, 35 feet Long b. 8 inches Deep, 35 pounds per Linear Foot c. 8 kilos per Linear Foot, 35 feet Long d. 8 feet Deep, 35 feet Long
b. 8 inches Deep, 35 pounds per Linear Foot
How is a 90 degree bend standard hook for concrete reinforcement constructed? a. 90 degree bend plus 10 db extension, at free end of bar b. 90 degree bend plus 12 db extension, at free end of bar c. 90 degree bend plus 6 db extension, at free end Of bar d. 90 degree bend plus 4 db extension, at free end of bar
b. 90 degree bend plus 12 db extension, at free end of bar
The ASTM Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel is? a. ASTM AB b. ASTM A36 c. ASTM A148 d. ASTM A325
b. ASTM A36
At what part of a reinforced concrete beam would you allow a pipe/service hole to pass through for utility purposes? a. At Midspan of beam b. At L/4 of beam span c. At L/3 of beam span d. At support
b. At L/4 of beam span
Where can we stop pouring ready mixed ncrete in the beam if the pouring cannot be done in one setting? a. At the center b. At the middle third of the beam c. At the shearing points
b. At the middle third of the beam
Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on slab if the pouring cannot be done in one setting? a. At the center b. At the middle third of the slab c. At the shearing points
b. At the middle third of the slab
Where will you see the details for the Foundation Anchor Bolts? a. Foundation Plan b. Base Plate Plan c. Framing Plan
b. Base Plate Plan
What are Piles placed at an inclination to resist forces that are not vertical? a. Guide Piles b. Batter Piles c. Slope Piles d. Fender Piles
b. Batter Piles
For Reinforced Concrete Columns, what is the best position of Non-Spandrel Beams? a. Beams must run through the Column with its one end face flushed to the face of the column b. Beams must run through the center of the Column
b. Beams must run through the center of the Column
The Figure above shows different types of failures that can occur in a retaining wall. Figure C is a. Deep-seated Shear Failure b. Bearing Capacity Failure c. Overturning d. Sliding
b. Bearing Capacity Failure
It is a structural system space frame a. Gravity Wall b. Bearing Wall System c. Isolated Footing d. Cantilevered Column Element
b. Bearing Wall System
In an I-beam, the flanges resist most of the a. Shear forces b. Bending moment c. Torsion d. Bending, Shear and Torsion
b. Bending moment
When a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position. a. Elongation b. Buckling c. Creeping
b. Buckling
These are a group of parallel Reinforcing Bars Bundled in contact to act as a unit and is limited to tour bars in a bundle. It is enclosed within Stirrups or Ties. a. Welded Bars b. Bundled Bars c. Bonded Bars d. Tendons
b. Bundled Bars
What Wall is used to protect different levels? a. Retaining Wall b. Cantilever Wall c. Shear Wall d. Great Wall
b. Cantilever Wall
It is the center-to-center distance between the supports of a span. a. Effective Span b. Clear Span c. Bay Length d. Nominal Length
b. Clear Span
What kind of footing supports Column B3 and B4? a. Isolated Footing b. Combined Footing c. Strap Footing
b. Combined Footing
A reinforced-concrete-encased structural steel section (rolled or built-up) or concrete filled steel section used as a column where both steel and concrete work as a unit is called a a. Built-up Column b. Composite Column c. Intermediate Column d. Braced Column
b. Composite Column
The Top part of the Footing is in? a. Tension b. Compression
b. Compression
A load acting over a small area/distance or at a particular point of a structural element. a. Coupled Load b. Concentrated Load c. uniformly distributed load d. Tangential Load
b. Concentrated Load
A pair of forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and displaced by perpendicular distance or moment a. Equilibrium b. Couple c. Impure Moment d. Torque
b. Couple
Failure of a material due to repeated or continued stress. It is more visible and severe in materials subjected to heat. a. Buckling b. Creeping c. Punching d. Twisting
b. Creeping
The maximum-axial-load that can theoretically be applied to a column without causing it to buckle. a. Critical Buckling Stress b. Critical Buckling Load c. Buckling d. Eccentricity
b. Critical Buckling Load
A transformer vault is considered a a. Live Load b. Dead Load c. Concentrated Load d. Uniformly Distributed
b. Dead Load
As the Depth of a Beam Increases, its ability to resist Bending a. No Effect b. Decreases c. Increases
b. Decreases
What deformation does a beam contain? a. Deformation b. Deflection c. Elongation d. Compression
b. Deflection
A structural system used to transfer/transmit Lateral Forces like wind and earthquake load to the vertical-resisting elements. a. Shear Wall b. Diaphragm c. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF) d. Seismic Wall
b. Diaphragm
A property of material that enables it to undergo plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the elastic limit and before rupturing. a. Brittleness b. Ductility c. Malleability d. Eccentricity
b. Ductility
The distance between points of zero moment on a compression member is a. Length of Column b. Effective Length of Column c. Span d. Development Length
b. Effective Length of Column
The point in the stress-strain curve beyond which the material permanently deforms after removing the load a. Proportional Limit b. Elastic Limit c. Atterberg Limit d. Plastic Limit
b. Elastic Limit
It is also known as elastic limit a. Deformation b. Elongation c. Buckling d. Cracking
b. Elongation
A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling a. Long Column b. Intermediate Column c. Short Column d. All of the above
c. Short Column
What do you call bars that are perpendicular to the Main Reinforcement Of stabs on fill where they prevent cracking due to contraction brought about by shrinkage and temperature changes? a. Shrinkage Bars b. Temperature Bars c. Deformed Bars d. One-way Bars
b. Temperature Bars
It is the Stress caused by an applied load that tends to elongate the material along the axis of the applied load. a. Shear Stress b. Tensile Stress c. Compressive Stress d. Normal Stress
b. Tensile Stress
What is the property of steel which is its strength which happens to be the weakness of concrete? a. Compression b. Tension and Elasticity c. Strength and Ductility
b. Tension and Elasticity
What happens when a column rests on a footing that is not reinforced with rebar? a. The Footing will crack at an angle b. The Column will punch a hole through the Footing c. There will be noticeable settlement
b. The Column will punch a hole through the Footing
Where will you find the Main Bars for Cantilever Beams? a. Middle b. Top c. Side d. Bottom
b. Top
Why is a Truss designed with a Bottom Chord? a. To make it look good b. Truss normally cannot span wide distance c. To support the insulation of ceiling
b. Truss normally cannot span wide distance
For Buildings with Heavy Exterior Cladding and Hollow Ground Floor, during an to the Earthquake, the weak floor buckles. This is because the forces are NOT other floor. a. Transferred b. Uniformly Distributed c. Concentrated d. Removed
b. Uniformly Distributed
What is shown in the figure? a. Point Load b. Uniformly Distributed Load c. Coupled Load d. Uniformly Varying Load
b. Uniformly Distributed Load
What is the Main Factor that Determines the Strength of Concrete? a. Sand-Cement ratio b. Water-cement ratio c. Water-sand ratio
b. Water-cement ratio
It is one in which the Story Strength is less than 80 percent of the Story above a. Story Drift b. Weak Story c. Story Drift Ratio d. Soft Story
b. Weak Story
It is the middle part of a wide flange a. Wing b. Web c. Side Flange d. Floor Flange
b. Web
Which part carries most of the Weight of a Structure? a.Flange of I-Beam b.Web of I Beam
b. Web of I Beam
What is produced on continuous process of cold roll and roll steel? a. Deformed Bars b. Wide Varieties of Steel c. Wide Flanges d. Steel Channel
b. Wide Varieties of Steel
It is the first stress in material at which an increase in strain occurs without an increase stress a. Ultimate Strength b. Yield Point c. Yield Strength d. Point of Breaking
b. Yield Point
What is Modulus of Elasticity? a. F/A b. -k dL c. (F/A)/(dL/L) d. 3PL/2wt2
c. (F/A)/(dL/L)
Based on the figure shown above, what is the total length of the Lateral Ties considering minimum concrete cover for nonprestressed 300mrn x 300mm column? a. 980 mm b. 880 mm c. 1000 mm d. 900 mm
c. 1000 mm
Weight of lightweight aggregate in kg/cu. m a. 950 kg/cum b. 1000 kg/cum c. 1120 kg/cum d. 1300 kg/cum
c. 1120 kg/cum
A Slump Cone use to test freshly mixed concrete is a mold in the form of the lateral surface of the frustum of a cone with a base diameter of 8" and a top diameter of 4", What is its height? a. 6" b. 8" c. 12" d. 24'
c. 12"
A complete record of tests of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during progress of work and for how many years after completion of the project? a. 3 years b. 5 years c. 2 years d. 4 years
c. 2 years
Two Fixed supports is indeterminate to what degree? a. 1st Degree b. 2nd Degree c. 3rd Degree
c. 3rd Degree
How thick is the footing that supports column C8? a. 400 b. 450 c. 475 d. 500
c. 475
What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place beams exposed to weather considering 20mm dia bars? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
c. 50 mm
What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place columns-exposed to weather considering 36mm dia bars? a. 40 mm b. 20 mm c. 50 mm d. 75 mm
c. 50 mm
Minimum concrete cover for slab On fill? a. 50 mm b. 40 mm c. 75 mm d. 20 mm
c. 75 mm
An instrument used to measure velocity & acceleration of an earthquake a. Geiger Counter b. Seismograph c. Accelerograph
c. Accelerograph
What is ASTM? a. Academic Society for Testing and Materials b. American Standard Test Method c. American Society for Testing and Materials d. Academic Standard Test Method
c. American Society for Testing and Materials
It consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items,and fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes. a. Wind Load b. Live Load c. Dead Load d. Lateral Load
c. Dead Load
Of the following, which represents the most accurate or least assumption in computation. a. Wind Load b. Live Load c. Dead Load d. Lateral Load
c. Dead Load
A term to describe the magnitude to which a structural element is displaced when subjected to an applied load. a. Strain b. Deformation c. Deflection
c. Deflection
The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from under transverse loading, increasing with load and span and decreasing with an increase in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material. a. Creep b. Elongation c. Deflection
c. Deflection
Advantage of steel over concrete a. Rigidity b. Ductility c. Elasticity
c. Elasticity
A Large Beam that Supports Secondary Beams. Also known as Primary Beam. a. Slab b. Beam c. Girder d. Diaphragm
c. Girder
A horizontal structural member that carries or supports other, usually smaller, horizontal structural members. a. Slab b. Beam c. Girder d. Diaphragm
c. Girder
A Residential Condominium is built on a former rice field, on what kind of strata should the foundation rest? a. Soft to Medium b. Medium to Hard c. Hard to Very Hard d. Doesn't matter
c. Hard to Very Hard
Disadvantage of an I-beam a. Inefficient in carrying Shear Loads b. Inefficient against Bending c. Inefficient against Torsion d. Very Expensive
c. Inefficient against Torsion
If a Project is to be erected on Stable Ground, what Foundation is recommended? a. Cantilever b. Mat c. Isolated
c. Isolated
What foundation presents the LEAST disturbance & potential damage to neighboring lots? a. Bored Pile b. Sheet Pile c. Isolated Footing d. Footing with Tie Beams
c. Isolated Footing
For a Residential Project at Rizal with relatively Sloping Ground, what is the most appropriate Structural Support? a. Cantilever Footing on Foundation Wall b. Firewall c. Isolated Footing on Foundation Wall d. Zocalo Wall
c. Isolated Footing on Foundation Wall
A method used in driving piles in sand, gravel or soft packed clay due to the high resistance of these materials to hammer driven piles a. Jet Streaming b. Jet Hammer c. Jetting d. Water Hammer
c. Jetting
For One Way Slab, the Ratio of the Longer span (L) to the shorter span (B) is a. L/B < 2 b. L/B < 4 c. L/B > = 2 d. L/B > 4
c. L/B > = 2
. It is a flaky layer of hardened but weak hydrated cement and fine aggregates which began as a milky layer on the upper surface of the concrete mass during the curing process which was caused by an excess amount of water used in the mixture or by too much vibration. a. Grout b. Plaster c. Laitance d. Mortar
c. Laitance
Furniture is considered as a. Dead load b. Concentrated load c. Live load d. Uniformly distributed load
c. Live load
Which of the following do not determine the number of bores? a. Presence of Geological Condition b. Size of Lot c. Local Building Code d. Height of Building
c. Local Building Code
What resists bending stress? a. Section Modulus b. Rigidity c. Moment of Inertia
c. Moment of Inertia
You were assigned to supervise the excavation tor the foundation, However, when work reached the depth indicated on the plans, you discovered that the soil is loose/soft. What will you do? a. Order the workers to proceed and setup the rebars/forms and proceed to pour concrete as shown in the structural plan. b. Order the workers to dig some more until they reach a firm layer then setup the footing at that depth. c. Order the workers to dig some more until they reach a firm layer then replace the loose material underneath the footing within the footing area with select granular backfill. Compact and then proceed to setup the footing at the original depth. d. Piles must be driven for that particular footing
c. Order the workers to dig some more until they reach a firm layer then replace the loose material underneath the footing within the footing area with select granular backfill. Compact and then proceed to setup the footing at the original depth.
The Figure above shows different types of failures that can occur in a retaining wall. Figure A is a. Deep-seated Shear Failure b. Bearing Capacity Failure c. Overturning d. Sliding
c. Overturning
What equipment is used for Pile Driving? a. Auger b. Rotary Drill c. Pile Hammer d. Excavator
c. Pile Hammer
It is a column that is seated on top of a non axial bearing member like a slab or beam used to carry loads above. It is usually used to address architectural/interior design concerns. a. Short Column b. Long Column c. Planted Column d. Round Column
c. Planted Column
What do you call the point wherein a material is about to Rupture? a. Point of NO Return b. Ultimate Strength c. Point of Breaking
c. Point of Breaking
Who is responsible for keeping and maintaining a complete record of tests of material during and after completion of the project. a. Engineer or Architect b. Architect or Owner c. Project Manager or Owner d. Owner or Architect
c. Project Manager or Owner
In connecting Steel Beams to Columns, which is more Structurally Stable? a. Rivet b. Weld c. Screw
c. Screw
What should be used so that the construction would not affect the adjacent structures? a. Pile/ Caisson b. Strip Footing c. Sheet Pile
c. Sheet Pile
A form of Driven Piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground to enable works to proceed. a. Soldier Piles b. Micro Piles c. Sheet Piles d. Secant Piles
c. Sheet Piles
For the Geotechnical Evaluation (Soil Boring Test) of a jobsite, ASTM requires that a Soil Penetration Test (SPT) be performed every a. 2.00m b. 1.00m c. 2.50m d. 1.50m
d. 1.50m
Given a 300mm x 300mm Column with 8-16mm dia main bars and 10mm dia ties, what is the length of each tie if the column is Non prestressed and not exposed to weather? a. 800mm b. 880mm c. 920mm d. 1000mm
d. 1000mm
For a 3m concrete beam, which amount of camber can be allowed in mm? a. 40mm b. 12mm c. 50mm d. 25mm
d. 25mm
Bars larger than ______ diameter shall NOT be bundled in beams a. 16mm b. 25mm c. 28mm d. 36mm
d. 36mm (32mm also)
In a 300mm x 350mm Grade Beam with 8-16mrn dia main 10 dia stirrups, what is the length of each stirrup is Non prestressed. a. 620mm b. 740mm c. 700mm d. 820mm
d. 820mm
Given the figure above. What the length of the Stirrup? a. 780 mm b. 800 mm c. 840 mm d. 900 mm
d. 900 mm
The ASTM Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength a. ASTM A6 b. ASTM A36 c. ASTM A148 d. ASTM A325
d. ASTM A325
It is the Ultimate Bearing Capacity divided by a However, in certain situations, usually on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur under loaded foundations without actual shear failure occurring. In such cases "this" is based on the allowable settlement. a. Bearing Capacity b. Foundation Capacity c. Settlement Capacity d. Allowable Bearing Capacity
d. Allowable Bearing Capacity
When do you get samples for a Slump Test? a. At the end of mixer discharge b. At the start of mixer discharge c. At any time of mixer discharge d. At the middle of mixer discharge
d. At the middle of mixer discharge
When a beam is in its elastic limit, which among the situation below would most likely happen? a. Beam will continue to deform with slight load b. Beam will continue to deform without load c. Beam will break eventually after some time d. Beam will come back to its original state
d. Beam will come back to its original state
A structural system without a corn21ete vertical-load carrying space frame a. Building Frame System b. Braced Frame c. Horizontal Bracing System d. Bearing Wall System
d. Bearing Wall System
It is removing of earth materials or the depositing of earth materials or the Combination thereof. a. Filling b. Excavating c. Grading d. Borrowing
d. Borrowing
What component of Steel dictates its ductility? a. Sulfur b. Phosphorus c. Al of the above d. Carbon
d. Carbon
Which among the list is the preferred location for a shear wall (utility core) considering seismic condition in a 15 storey building with a width of 15 meters and length of 25 meters? a. Left Side b. Right Side c. Front d. Center
d. Center
These are braces used to provide lateral load resistance in buildings. It reduces deflection of the beam it supports above and transfers loads to your support or foundations. It helps to greatly reduce the sizes of beams. It provides additional stability to your structure, reduces sidesways and deflection and other serviceability requirement. a. Stiffening Brace b. Sidesway Bracing c. Deflector Brace d. Chevron Bracing
d. Chevron Bracing
It is the distance between two supports measured from the inner face. a. Center-to-Center Spacing b. Effective Span c. Effective Length d. Clear Span
d. Clear Span
An undesirable discontinuity in concrete that occurs when a layer of concrete hardens before the rest of the concrete is poured in what is meant to be a single, solid mass. a. Expansion Joint b. Contraction Joint c. Construction Joint d. Cold Joint
d. Cold Joint
Ties are used for what structural element? a. Slabs b. Beam c. Footings d. Columns
d. Columns
Capacity of material to absorb compressive stress a. Tensile Strength b. Impact Strength c. Fatigue Strength d. Compressive Strength
d. Compressive Strength
What is poured after drilling a hole for bored Piles? a. Wood b. Steel c. Epoxy Polymer d. Concrete
d. Concrete
This type of load can be computed accurately a. Live Load b. Wind Load c. Snow Load d. Dead Load
d. Dead Load
It is the length of embedded reinforcement, including prestressing strand, required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section. a. Effective Embedment Depth b. Embedment Length c. Effective Length d. Development Length
d. Development Length
The figures shown above utilize a framework Of diagonally intersecting materials which eliminated the use of vertical columns. This revolutionary system carries both gravity and lateral loads. It is Very efficient and creates a stiffness that is complemented by the axial action Of the diagonal members. Invented by the Russian genius Vladimir Shukhov in the late 180(Ys, this system only began in contemporary steel design in the earty 2000's with the London GCA, Swiss Re and Hearst Tower — all projects of Foster+Partners with the engineering expertise of ARUP. ft is said that this system uses 21% less steel than a standard design. What do you call this structural system? a. Diamond Grid Structure (Diagrid) b. Shukhov Structural System (SSS) c. Grid Shell Structure (GSS) d. Diagonalized Grid Structure (Diagrid)
d. Diagonalized Grid Structure (Diagrid)
In 1905, the American engineer C.A.P. Turner employed concrete floor slabs without beams that used diagonal and orthogonal pattems of reinforcing bars. Today, it is now evolving by introducing plastic voids or bubbles in slabs. This new technology drastically decreases the weight of the slab and allows for 55 feet slab span between columns without beams. Slab weight is decreased by as much as 35% which also reduces the columns and foundation. Notable architects who have used this system include Zaha Hadid. Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Renzo Piano and Herzog de a. One Way Slab b. Two Way Slab c. Slab on fill d. Flat Slab/Flat Plate
d. Flat Slab/Flat Plate
This Truss was patented in 1840 and it includes Vertical Members and Diagonals that slope towards the center. It is the opposite Of the Pratt truss. a. Gambrel Truss b. Fink Truss c. Double Cantilever d. Howe Truss
d. Howe Truss
A simplified way to get the economical width of the beam a. Equal to Column Width b. one-half Column Width c. More than Column Width d. Less than Column Width
d. Less than Column Width
It is a phenomenon whereby soil substantially loses its strength usually due to an earthquake and acts like a fluid a. Creep b. Lahar Flow c. Saturation d. Liquefaction
d. Liquefaction
Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure. a. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF) b. Shear Wall Frame c. Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) d. Moment Resisting Frame
d. Moment Resisting Frame
Which is not part of the Structural Plans? a. Foundation Plan b. Roof Framing Plan c. Schedule of Beams and Columns d. Schedule of Doors and Windows
d. Schedule of Doors and Windows
The Figure above shows different types of failures that can occur in a retaining wall. Figure B is a. Deep-seated Shear Failure b. Bearing Capacity Failure c. Overturning d. Sliding
d. Sliding
Is the lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below a. Misalignment b. Slippage c. Deflection d. Story Drift
d. Story Drift
Which should you use to minimize disturbance to adjoining properties? c. Floating Foundation a. Bored Piles d. Strip Footing b. Driven Piles
d. Strip Footing
Why do we provide vertical and horizontal reinforcement for CHB Walls? a. To resist compression b. To resist tension c. To resist both compression and tension d. To resist buckling
d. To resist buckling
Most likely failure for a footing a. Silt and Sand beneath b. Low Water Table c. Perennial Flooding d. Unstable Soil
d. Unstable Soil
Assuming the site will be on a flood plain, on what soil must the foundation rest? a. Soft b. Hard c. Medium d. Very Hard
d. Very Hard
Your Client asks you to erect a Commercial Building on what used to be a rice field. On what soil must the foundation rest? a. Soft b. Medium c. Hard d. Very Hard
d. Very Hard
It is the most important component in determining the strength of concrete a. Sand b. Cement c. Gravel d. Water
d. Water
The most important factor affecting the strength of concrete. a. Quantity of cement b. Void-Cement Ratio c. Water d. Water-cement Ratio
d. Water-cement Ratio
Of the following type of loads, which is the most difficult to determine. a. Dead b. Impact c. Static d. Wind
d. Wind HARDEST TO DETERMINE - SEISMIC
The purpose of a Concrete Slump Test is to measure a. Content of Sand b. Strength of Concrete c. Water-Cement Ratio d. Workability/Consistency
d. Workability/Consistency
What usually happens to steel in a slab or reinforced concrete beam if such member is about to collapse? a. Crack b. Rupture c. Deflect d. Yield
d. Yield
