Study Guide Chapter 19 AP Euro

In 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared war on a. the peasantry. b. counter-revolutionaries. c. England d. Austria. e. monarchies everywhere.

Austria.

The French revolutionary slogan neatly evoking the ideals of the rebellion was a. "Down with the aristocracy!" b. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" c. "Death to the king and queen!" d. "Kill all priests and burn all churches!" e. "The bourgeoisie will triumph!"

"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!"

The German philosopher who initially welcomed the French Revolution, turned against it, becoming instead an advocate of a German national spirit was a. Goethe. b. Fichte. c. Hegel. d. Kant. e. Schiller.

Fichte.

A prominent writer who denounced Napoleon's despotic rule was a. Voltaire. b. Mary Wollstonecraft. c. Rousseau. d. Marshal Nye. e. Germaine de Stael.

Germaine de Stael. Napolean Suspended freedom of press Shut down 60 of 73 newspapers All manuscripts must be approved by the government before being published Government police opened mail Exiled writer Germaine de Stael for her criticism of his despotic rule

A successful slave rebellion against French rule occurred in a. the Vendee. b. Batavia. c. Jamaica. d. Haiti. e. the Cameroons.

Haiti. Revolt in Saint Dominigue (Haiti) Slave revolt was put down but started up again forming the first independent state in Latin America - Haiti Inspired by the ideals of the Revolution

Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon? a. He was both a child of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. b. He had a sense of moral responsibility to the people of France. c. He advocated an invasion of Britain in the 1790s. d. He was born the son of a Parisian merchant. e. He was a successful military general but had to talent for civil administration and reform.

He was both a child of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon's domestic policies? a. Much autonomy was given to the provincial departments as the previous system of prefects was overhauled. b. His "new aristocracy" was actually little different from the old, as it was based on privilege and wealth. c. His Civil Code reaffirmed the ideals of the Revolution while creating a uniform legal system. d. As a devout Catholic, he reestablished Catholicism as the official state religion. e. He abolished most of the civilian bureaucracy, preferring to govern by military rule.

His Civil Code reaffirmed the ideals of the Revolution while creating a uniform legal system.

Which of the following is not true of the French revolutionary republican calendar? a. Each month consisted of three ten-day weeks. b. Most Christian holidays were kept. c. No efforts were made to enforce it. d. It was meant to signal a new beginning for the nation. e. It was part of the government's dechristianization program.

Most Christian holidays were kept.

The head of the Committee of Public Safety who presided over the terror in France in 1793 and 1794 was a. Babeuf. b. Sieyès c. Robespierre. d. Marat. e. Saint-Just

Robespierre.

Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of a. Leipzig. b. Borodino. c. Trafalgar. d. Austerlitz. e. Waterloo.

Waterloo. June 18, 1815

The defeat of General Cornwallis and his army at Yorktown in 1781, leading to British abandonment of the Revolutionary War, was achieved by a. American colonial army and naval forces alone. b. a combined American and French army. c. a combined force of American, French, Spanish, and Dutch forces. d. the Virginia Minutemen. e. a combined American and French army supported by a heavily armed French fleet.

a combined American and French army supported by a heavily armed French fleet

In September of 1792, the National Convention a. established a constitutional monarchy. b. abolished the monarchy and established a republic. c. voted to preserve the life of Louis XVI. d. was dismantled by Louis XVI. e. was immediately replaced by the Directory.

abolished the monarchy and established a republic.

Sieyès wrote "What is the Third Estate?" to support the political demands of the a. aristocrats. b. foreign investors. c. common people. d. clergy. e. king.

common people "Prior to the actual calling together of the Estates General a prominent Royal minister named Necker asked for opinions as to its Constitution. It was in response to this that the Abbé Sieyès penned his pamphlet Qu'est-ce que le tiers état? ( What is the third estate? ). This pamphlet, published in early 1789, attacked noble and clerical privileges and was hugely popular throughout France amongst the many persons who hoped for reform." From http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/historical/biography/abbe_sieyes.html

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guaranteed a. free or affordable food for the poor. b. equality under the law for all French men. c. equality under the law for all French men and women. d. nothing. e. the right to vote for all French men.

equality under the law for all French men. similar to the declaration of America

The King's fortress in Paris, which a mob stormed on July 14, 1789, touching off a wave of riots throughout France, was a. Chartres. b. St. Denis. c. the Bastille. d. the Louvre. e. the Tuileries.

the Bastille.

The controversy over voting by order versus voting by head in the Estates-General saw a. the nobles of the robe advocate voting by head. b. the "lovers of liberty" effectively block voting by head. c. Abbé Sieyè's call for the expulsion of the Third Estate from the Estates-General. d. the Third Estate joining the Second Estate in abolished the First Estate of the clergy. e. the Third Estate respond by forming a "National Assembly."

the Third Estate respond by forming a "National Assembly."

In France, the First Estate was composed of a. the nobility. b. the clergy. c. the peasants. d. the military. e. the nobility.

the clergy

The Third Estate was composed of all of the following except a. shopkeepers. b. peasants. c. the unemployed. d. skilled craftsmen. e. the clergy.

the clergy

By convening the Estates General in 1789, a. the government showed its autocratic strength. b. the government indicated the financial well-being of France. c. the government all but conceded to the sovereignty of the people in their own taxation. d. the government conceded all powers to the people. e. the government did what it normally did every few years, thereby indicating little.

the government all but conceded to the sovereignty of the people in their own taxation.

The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was a. the government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems. b. the blocking of attempted reforms by the French Parlements. c. the radical calls of the philosophes for reform. d. Louis XVI's rejection of the cahiers de doléances. e. violent uprisings by the common people who were demanding political and economic equality.

the government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems.

In the summer of 1789, when the "revolution of the lawyers" appeared doomed by imminent royal use of armed force, the Revolution as a whole was saved by a. the betrayal of the monarchy by high clergymen. b. the defection of key nobles of the sword to the rebels. c. the intervention of armed commoners, especially in urban uprisings. d. the outside influence of mercenary troops paid by the rebels. e. the intervention of Britain, whose constitutional monarch seemed threatened by upheaval in France.

the intervention of armed commoners, especially in urban uprisings

What group emerged as the most important radical element in French politics, at the beginning of the French Revolution? a. Bonapartists b. Papists c. Communards d. Loyalists e. Jacobins

Jacobins

The Constitution of the United States of 1789 a. was a revision of the Articles of Confederation. b. was seen by European liberals as a utopian document that would never last. c. created a republic in which the branches of government provided checks on one another. d. had no real impact on the French Revolution. e. failed, and was soon replaced by the Articles of Confederation.

created a republic in which the branches of government provided checks on one another.

As one measure of the French crown's terrible financial predicament, by 1788 the interest payments on the state debt alone amounted to a. one-fifth of total government spending. b. one-quarter of total government spending. c. one-third of total government spending. d. one-half of all government spending. e. two-thirds of all government spending.

one-half of all government spending.

In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly a. left the institution alone. b. increased its power slightly in France. c. passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen. d. abolished the faith in France. e. recognized the Catholic Church as France's only legal religion.

passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.

The cahiers de doléances called for a. abolishing the fiscal privileges of the church and nobility. b. the abolition of the Estates-General. c. the royal execution of all rebels in France. d. universal voting privileges for all French people. e. the beheading of Louis XVI.

abolishing the fiscal privileges of the church and nobility. had to pay taxes

In 1789, the Estates-General was a. Louis XVI's parliamentary body often consulted by the king. b. in unanimous agreement that only radical changes could solve France's problems. c. dominated by the first estate composed mostly of urban lawyers. d. unanimously in agreement about the necessity of immediately creation a "National Assembly." e. divided over the issue of voting by "orders" or by "head."

divided over the issue of voting by "orders" or by "head." 600 vs 300

The French Republic's army in the 1790s a. received little backing from the home front. b. was small, but effective in battle. c. fueled modern nationalism and was raised through total mobilization of the population. d. was totally defeated by foreign aristocratic forces. e. got weaker and smaller as the decade went by.

fueled modern nationalism and was raised through total mobilization of the population.

The colonists won their war for independence due to a. generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France. b. the collapse of the English colonial system. c. apathy of the English military. d. flaws in the English mercantile system. e. b and c

generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France.

The French economy of the eighteenth century was a. growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production. b. stagnant due to foreign competition in industry and trade. c. declining rapidly due to overuse of arable land. d. based largely on the silk industry. e. was entirely based upon agricultural production.

growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production.

All of the following are true about Napoleon and his career before 1799 except a. he was initially disliked by his fellow soldiers. b. he made rapid progress and achieved the status of a general even before the Revolution. c. he read a great deal of military history. d. he saved the National Convention from the Parisian mob in 1795. e. he married the widow of a guillotined general.

he made rapid progress and achieved the status of a general even before the Revolution.

The government of the Directory in the period of the Thermidorean Reaction a. primarily relied on the support of the royalists. b. was unicameral and directly elected by active citizens. c. was characterized by honest leadership and wise economic plans. d. increasingly had to rely on military support for its survival. e. abolished the radical reforms of the Public Safety, including the Revolutionary Calendar.

increasingly had to rely on military support for its survival. Curtails much of the Terror's policies Shut down the Jacobin club and limits the power of the Committee of Public Safety

By the eighteenth century, the French bourgeoisie and nobility were a. growing further apart in social status. b. increasingly less distinguishable from each other. c. rapidly losing social status to the third estate. d. openly hostile and frequently involved in street battles. e. almost completely dominated by the clergy of the First Estate.

increasingly less distinguishable from each other. They both had similar land holdings

When the government called for the Estates General to meet, a. it abolished the Third Estate. b. it halved the number of representatives from the Third Estate. c. it doubled the number of representatives from the Second Estate. d. it doubled the number of representatives from the Third Estate. e. it changed nothing.

it doubled the number of representatives from the Third Estate. 600 vs 300 votes

All of the following were accomplished by the National/Constituent Assembly except the a. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. b. Civil Constitution of the Clergy. c. legal defense of seigneurial rights throughout the country. d. reform of French voting procedures. e. abolishment of divine right monarchy.

legal defense of seigniorial rights throughout the country

In the French Constitution of 1791, who had the right to vote? a. all men. b. all men and wealthy women. c. male citizens who met a tax qualification d. male citizens with noble titles e. all adults

male citizens who met a tax qualification

Not among the factors in the defeat of Napoleon was a. the failure of the Continental System. b. the defeat of the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar. c. mass reactions to his brutal suppression of local customs in the conquered countries. d. the spread of nationalism in the conquered countries. e. that most independent European states were united against him by 1814.

mass reactions to his brutal suppression of local customs in the conquered countries

Compared to the American Revolution, the French Revolution was a. less violent. b. less radical. c. more influential in Europe as a model of rebellion. d. quickly over. e. was entirely a movement of the masses, led by faceless individuals.

more influential in Europe as a model of rebellion.

During the Reign of Terror, the majority of the victims were a. nobles. b. clergy. c. middle class. d. peasant and laboring classes. e. the bourgeoisie.

peasant and laboring classes. Although, Terror demonstrated no class prejudice

The chief accomplishment of the National Convention was a. creation of the revolutionary calendar. b. preservation of the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies. c. creation of the Directory. d. the establishment of the National French School System. e. defeat of the counter-revolutionaries led by the Bourbon family in southern France.

preservation of the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies.

Napoleon's Continental System tried to defeat the British by a. a massive invasion of Britain. b. preventing British trade. c. causing political unrest in Britain. d. attacking the British colonies in North America. e. isolating India from Britain.

preventing British trade.

The American Revolution affected Europeans by a. proving that military force was the final diplomatic authority. b. ending colonial expansion around the world. c. proving that the new United States was the most powerful nation. d. proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically. e. proving that the patriotic shedding of vast amounts of blood could bring revolutionary change.

proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically. In France, right? Yes, in France.

The chief reason for Napoleon's fast rise to power was/ were his a. series of stunning victories over the enemies of France. b. social programs that appealed to the masses. c. promises to make France great again. d. work with an inner clique of revolutionaries dedicated to the general. e. secret support of disaffected members of the Bourbon family.

series of stunning victories over the enemies of France.

In the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon made peace with a. the Church. b. the Directory. c. Austria. d. England. e. the aristocrats.

the Church. Concordat of 1801 ended tension with the church Stabilized Napoleon's regime Church land was not returned Catholicism was not reinstated as the state religion

On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress approved a. the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen. b. the Constitution. c. the Declaration of Independence. d. the Olive Branch Petition. e. George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.

the Declaration of Independence.

A key conduit of "enlightened" American political and moral ideas back to Europe was formed by a. returning British prisoners of war. b. the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War. c. European nobles returning from expeditions to the new American frontier. d. missionary priests returning from evangelical campaigns deep in the U.S. back country. e. official proclamations sent to the governments of Europe by George Washington.

the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War.

In regard to religion, the National Convention a. took measures to strengthen the Roman Catholic Church. b. issued an edict allowing for total religious freedom. c. took measures to de-christianize the republic. d. made the republic completely atheistic. e. expelled the Jews from France.

took measures to de-christianize the republic.

During the early stages of the "Radical Revolution," the National Convention a. was controlled by the Mountain, which defeated the less radical Girondins. b. successfully resisted the Parisians' radical attempts to control the Convention. c. favored ending the disastrous European war. d. failed to create any kind of large standing army. e. requested that Napoleon become dictator.

was controlled by the Mountain, which defeated the less radical Girondins.

Just prior to the Revolution in France, the number of the poor in France a. actually declined. b. went up significantly. c. increased very slowly. d. remained fairly constant. e. a and d

went up significantly. Remember the bread

Olympe de Gouges a. became the first female member of the National Assembly. b. attempted to kill Marie Antoinette after the queen said, "Let them eat cake." c. wrote The Declaration of the Rights of the Woman and the Citizen. d. was the ghost author of the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen. e. was the mistress to Robespierre.

wrote The Declaration of the Rights of the Woman and the Citizen. She was a ghost writer