Study Guide: Chapter 7 Neoplasia
The most important differentiating feature between benign and malignant tumors is: A. invasiveness B. a difference in the rate of cell growth within the tumor C. a difference in the tissue of origin D. the size of the tumor
A. invasiveness
Tumor staging is a process whereby: A. the location of tumors in the body is determined B. all of the tumors are removed from the body C. tumor cells characteristics are analyzed under the microscope D. the tissue of origin is biochemically determined
A. the location of tumors in the body is determined
What type of tissue cells are the source of cancer cells? A. Morphogenic cells B. Stem cells C. Terminally differentiated cells D. Embryonic cells
B. Stem cells
If a tumore is characterized according to the TNM system as T2 N1 M0, what is the correct interpretation? A. Tumor is localized with no lymph node involvement or metastasis B. Tumor is locally invasive with regional lymph node involvement; there is no metastasis C. Tumor has spread to distant lymph nodes; there is not metastasis. D. Tumore is disseminated to lymph nodes and distant sites.
B. Tumor is locally invasive with regional lymph node involvement; there is not metastasis
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Proliferation rate
Benign Tumors- Generally slower rate of cycling Malignant Tumors- Generally rapid rate of cycling
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Prognosis
Benign Tumors- Good Malignant Tumors- Poor if untreated or detected at late stage
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Metastasis
Benign Tumors- Never; strictly local Malignant Tumors- High rate of metastasis
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Necrosis within the tumor
Benign Tumors- Rare Malignant Tumors- Common
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Recurrence after treatment
Benign Tumors- Rare Malignant Tumors- Common
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Histology
Benign Tumors- Similar to tissue of origin; well differentiated Malignant Tumors- Anaplastic, with abnormal cell sizes and shapes; poorly differentiated
Compare and contrast the features of benign and malignant tumors. Characteristic: Conventional terminology
Benign Tumors- Suffix "oma" Malignant Tumors- Suffix "carcinoma" or "sarcoma"; also leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma
Which of the following tumors is malignant? A. Adenoma B. Fibroma C. Carcinoma D. Osteoma
C. Carcinoma
Tumor suppression genes cause cancer when they are A. overproduced in the cell B. overactive in the cell C. absent from the cell D. present in more than one location on the chromosome
C. absent from the cell
Telomerase is an enzyme that: A. allows cancer cells to metastasize B. is essential for normal cellular function C. confers immortality to cancer cells D. initiates apoptosis
C. confers immortality to cancer cells
Proto-oncogene overexpression is associated with the development of: A. birth defects B X-linked genetic defects C. congenital disease D. cancer
D. Cancer
Tumor "grade" refers to what property of the cancer cells? A. Location in the body B. Degree of local invasiveness C. Extent of metastasis D. Histologic characteristics
D. Histologic characteristics
Full expression of cancer in a host is a multistep phenomenon. These steps include all of the following except: A. initiation B. promotion C. progression D. emigration
D. emigration
Proto-oncogene overactivity may increase cellular proliferation through all of the following mechanisms except: A. excessive production of growth factors B. excessive production of growth factor receptors C. excessive production of transcription factors D. excessive production of p53
D. excessive production of p53
Cancer cells exhibit all of the following properties except: A. immortality B. excessive proliferation C. nomadic D. high differentiation
D. high differentiation
Excess activity of the Rb retinoblastoma gene increases the risk of developing cancer. (True or False)
False
With appropriate lifestyle choices, it is possible to eliminate exposure to carcinogens. (True or False)
False
In general, a grade I tumor histology determination has a worse prognosis than a grade IV determination. (True or False)
Fase
Factors that are mutagenic are likely to be carcinogenic. (True or False)
True
The underlying cause of cancer is genetic mutations in growth control genes. (True or False)
True
