Study Guide for First Aid (Part 2 of 2)

How do you help someone who fainted?

1. Leave the victim lying down (check their airway, if breathing raise their legs above their head) 2. Loosen any tight clothing, sponge face with cool water or a replenishment drink that contains electrolytes. 3. If they don't regain consciousness in 1-2 minutes, call for help. 4. If they're not breathing, call for help and start CPR if you are trained.

How do you treat a nosebleed?

Have the victim sit upright and lean forward; this will reduce pressure on the veins in the nose. Have the victim also pinch their nose shut with his thumb and index finger and to breathe through their mouth. Keep the nose pinched for 5-10 minutes. If it continues to bleed and is cause by a fall, contact medical assistance right away.

What should you do if you think someone is going into shock?

If you think the victim is in shock or going into shock, contact 911 immediately. 1. Have the person lie down on their back 2. Loosen tight clothing 3. Keep the person warm 4. Do not give them anything to eat or drink 5. If vomiting or bleeding through the mouth, roll the victim to their side

Extra: What should you do before helping/treating the victim for anything?

ASK THEM FOR PERMISSION TO HELP THEM!

How do you treat a victim who is bleeding?

All treatments for bleeding are the same. Use clean bulky dressing, apply direct pressure to the wound (don't do this if they're is a foreign object lodged in), use stretchy roller bandage and elevate the injury. If arterial, have the victim lie down and raise the location of bleeding above the level of the heart. Apply direct pressure to stop the blood supply to the wound. As a last resort, apply a tourniquet.

Describe 3 types of bleeding.

Arterial- bright red and spurts from the body till there is no blood left Venous- darker red and can overflow constantly w/o spurting Capillary- usually result of a small surface wound

Describe a third-degree burn

Burn all layers of skin/muscle and affects fat and bone, the burned area may be charred, burned black, or appear white or dry. May be little or no pain.

Describe a second-degree burn

Burns through the first layer of skin and burns to the second layer, blisters develop and skin looks red and splotchy.

How should you treat a third-degree burn?

CALL 911! While waiting for medical assistance, treat the victim for shock. DO NOT REMOVE CLOTHING, that's just creepy and weird. Keep area cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. DO NOT apply cold water! Elevate the burn area above the heart level if possible. Keep the victim still and sip fluids.

How should you treat a first-degree burn?

Cool the burn with running water. Immerse the burn in cold water, NOT ICE COLD WATER because that will cause hypothermia, and apply compression for at least 15 minutes. Cover the burn with a sterile bandage.

What are heat cramps?

Cramps that are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that occur during heavy exercise in hot weather.

What are the signs that indicate if a person is choking?

Wheezing, gasping, turning a reddish purple, have bulging eyes, and unable to speak. If they can talk or cough, they're not choking.

How should you treat a second-degree burn?

A burn no bigger than 2-3 inches in diameter can be treated like a first-degree burn. If larger, or is on hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, or a major joint, GET MEDICAL ASSISTANCE, you aren't a doctor! SO, DO NOT use ice OR put any type of bandaging on the burn

What is a tourniquet?

A constricting band (about 2 in wide) placed around an arm or leg to control bleeding.

What is shock?

A life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to deliver enough blood to vital tissue and organs. A person may go into shock when they suffer an injury, burn, severe infection, heat illness, poisoning, blood loss, broken bones, or heart attack.

Describe the Heimlich maneuver.

A series of abdominal thrust to force out any object blocking the airway. Stand behind the victim choking, ASK FOR PERMISSION TO HELP, wrap arms around the waist and tip the victim slightly forward. Making a fist with one hand, place it just above the person's navel but just below the breastbone and diaphragm. Using your other hand, grasp your fist. Quickly thrust inward and upward. The motion is as if you are trying to lift them off the ground, until the object is dislodged. If unresponsive, call 911 and begin CPR if trained.

What is a heatstroke?

A serious condition that result from untreated heat exhaustion and the victim continues to over heat.

What are the ABC's of CPR?

AIRWAY look inside the victim's mouth, if there is an object remove it if possible. Lay them on a flat surface and gently tilt the head back with one hand and using the other hand, lift their chin. BRREATHING- Look, listen and feel to find out if the victim is breathing (ain't that obvious -_- ) If they aren't breathing, begin rescue breathing. Pinch their nose shut, take a normal breath, place your mouth over their mouth (as if you're kissing them, but you're really not. Just trying to save a life ^^) give 2 breaths into them, each a second long, the chest should rise and breathe if not, position the victim's head and make sure the airway if clear. CIRCULATION- look for signs of response to rescue breathing, if none a person who is trained for CPR should begin chest compressions. IF the victim responds but is not breathing normally, give 2 rescue breaths after every 30 chest compressions.

How do you treat a heatstroke?

Move the victim to a cooler location or shady area immediately. Call 911 and try to reduce the body temperature with cool cloths or even a cool bath if possible until medical assistance has arrived. Do not give the victim liquids if vomiting or unconscious.

Describe a first-degree burn

Only affects the outer layer of skin, skin is usually red, but the outer layer has not been burned through, may have swelling and pain.

How do you treat heat cramps?

Should rest, cool down, and drink water or a replenishment drink that contains electrolytes.