Study Guide for Quiz 2 Biology
Anaphase 1
A double-stranded chromosome following replication attached by a centromere
spindle fibers
A number of threadlike filaments formed between poles of the cell during cell division
X chromosome
A sex chromosome; in human males only one is present and in females two are present
theory
After initial positive testing and observation the idea is called this.
law
After many experiments have verified the data by many different investigators over a period of time, the idea is called this.
autosome
Any pair of chromosomes other than the sex chromosome
oogenisis
Process of development of haploid female gametes
sex-chromosomes
The chromosomes which determine the sex of the individual
theory
The form of the hypothesis after it has been tested and found to be supported
spermatogenisis
The production of haploid male gametes by the male parent
Telophase 2
The stage of the second meiotic division when the cell divides into two cells with each being haploid
Metaphase 1
The stage on the first meiotic division when the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles but the sister chromatids remain together.
Meiosis is the process that results in the production of the haploid number of chromosomes.
true
Nondisjunction can occur in autosomes and sex chromosomes.
true
The sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles at Anaphase II
true
Twenty-three is the haploid number of chromosomes in man.
true
Meiosis consists of_______cell divisions with only one duplication of_______. This division results in______daughter cells, each with________set of chromosomes. This division represents a reduction in chromosomes; that is, the diploid chromosome number of the parent cells is reduced to the_______number of the daughter cells.
-2 -chromosomes -4 -1 -haploid
W.S. Sutton proposed that the_______are located on_______and these factors segregate during________ and the production of gametes.
-genetic factors -chromosomes -meiosis
Meiosis is associated with the:
-haploid number of chromosomes -gamete cells
If the trait for height is designated as T=tall how would this sex-linked trait be understood as X t Y?
-the "y" chromosome does not carry a gene for height -the male shown would be recessive(short)
As a result of nondisjunction, a female gamete may contain:
-two sex chromosomes -no sex chromosomes
In the male fruit fly, what sex chromosomes will be in his gametes and in what proportions?
1/2 X and 1/2 Y
How many chromosome pairs are in humans?
23
Anaphase 2
A condition where non-sister chromatid of homologous chromosomes exchange genes
hypothesis
A proposed explanation for an observation which has not been experimentally tested
Y chromosome
A sex chromosome found in males; influencing the degree of maleness
chromatid
A structure on the chromosome that holds a pair of chromatids together during replication
hypothesis
An educated guess to explain an observation.
diploid
Both members of a pair of chromosomes are present
tetrad
During metaphase I the two pairs of chromatids of the homologous pair of chromosomes comes together
nondisjunction
Failure of chromosomes to segregate during the formation of gametes
sex-linked
Genes which are carried on the X chromosome
Telophase 1
In the first meiotic division the cell divides into two cells
haploid
One member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is present, such as in a gamete
polar body
One of three small cells produced during oogenesis
linkage
The presence of different genes on the same chromosome
Prophase 1
The stage in the first meiotic division where the doubled chromosomes become visibl
crossing over
The stage in the first meiotic division where the homologous chromosomes line up as a pair
Metaphase 2
The stage in the second meiotic division where sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles
centromere
The stage in the second meiotic division where the chromatid pair lines up at the equator of the cell
All ova contain sex chromosomes corresponding to:
X
Somatic cells include:
all the cells of an organism except the gametes
Genes which are "linked" together:
are found on a particular chromosome
Since the X and Y chromosomes of humans are so different in the genes they carry, the reason men and women resemble each other in overall appearance is because most traits are on_________.
autosomes
The sex of the offspring is determined:
by which chromosome, the X or Y, the offspring receives from the male parent
A tetrad is a paired, duplicated chromosome during Metaphase II.
false
Duplication of chromosomes begins after Prophase I.
false
Each chromosome represents a single gene.
false
Gametes are associated with diploid chromosomes.
false
Nondisjunction is limited to fruit flies.
false
Oogenesis gives one large ovum and 3 small polar bodies, each being diploid. Spermatogenesis gives four equal sperm, each being haploid.
false
Somatic cells are haploid.
false
Finding an occasional vermillion-eyed female can be explained by the occurrence of an extra chromosome from the________for the trait.
female
If the male fruit fly produces a gamete carrying an X chromosome, what will the sex of the offspring be?
female
How many chromosome pairs are in Drosophila?
four
What promoted C.B.Bridges to research the phenomenon of nondisjunction?
irregular sex-linked traits
Indicate the correct designation of the paired sex chromosomes.
male: XY female: XX
C.B. Bridges made a major contribution to the chromosome theory by discovering the principle of_______ .
nondisjunction
The sex chromosome contains many genes, and the traits controlled by these genes are said to be__________.
sex linked
Traits which are controlled by the sex chromosomes are called_______inheritance.
sex-linked
The symbols for sex-linked traits are indicated as________on the X and Y chromosome symbol.
superscripts
What is meant by homologous chromosomes?
the genes allele's are found in matched chromosome pairs
What is expected concerning the sex chromosomes of sperm?
they are all equal numbers of "X" and "Y"
A homologous pair of chromosomes is the chromosomes which influence the same genetic traits.
true
A scientific law may be used to predict the outcome of experiments.
true
All members of each species have the same number of chromosomes.
true
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of the cell.
true
Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are autosomes.
true
Crossing over gives variations in genetic material by exchange of chromatic parts.
true
Crossing over occurs during tetrad formation.
true
Each chromosome usually contains multiple genes.
true
Experiments and observations verify scientific laws.
true
If you have a red-eyed female fly, and you want to find out if it is a carrier for the white-eye gene, you would have to cross it with a ________male.
white-eyed
If the F2 generation of red and white eyed flies were allowed to cross-breed, could a white-eyed female occur?
yes
chromosome theory
The behavior of chromosomes explains the inheritance of genes
law
Supported by the results on many experiments by a large number of investigations
