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The part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres is called the _____. corpus cortex prefrontal callosum corpus callosum prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
Which of the following is a hereditary factor that can influence growth and development? sex socioeconomic status negative habits malnourishment
sex
How long does puberty generally last? 7 years 4 years 8 years 5 years
4 years
The average age range of compulsory education laws across the U.S. is _____. 5-18 6-20 6-16 5-19
6-16
Growth and change of thinking skills is called: Reversibility Early childhood Static reasoning Cognitive development Transformative reasoning
Cognitive development
Growth in thinking skills is called: Egocentrism Egocentric development Cognitive development Adolescence
Cognitive development
What can you do if you want to make sure your goals and objectives are aligned with TEKS? Only worry about aligning your goals, not your objectives Copy the standards onto separate paper and call them your goals Familiarize yourself deeply with the standards for your grade Make sure your students have a lot of prerequisite knowledge
Familiarize yourself deeply with the standards for your grade
Why are games with rules helpful to children? Games with rules help children develop motor skills better than any other play. Games with rules are more interesting to children than basic play. Games with rules are fun for children of all ages. Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules.
Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules.
Which of the following does NOT affect growth spurts? Socioeconomic status Genetics High grades Nutrition
High grades
According to Bruner, a child between the age of one and six exists in the: Linguistic stage Symbolic stage Enactive stage Iconic stage Constructivist stage
Iconic stage
What is a common fallacy when thinking about ELL students and math? Math is just numbers; it is the same around the world. Academic vocabulary may be difficult. Math lessons must be planned carefully. Educators need to understand students' proficiency level.
Math is just numbers; it is the same around the world.
What should you do if there is a problem with safety in your classroom? Process the experience with your class. Give up on establishing a safe environment. Punish students severely. Bring in families for a strict meeting about what went wrong.
Process the experience with your class.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of Jeffersonianism? Citizen education Rote learning Inclusive education Mentoring
Rote learning
Traditionally, intelligence has been defined as: Musical talents Group aptitude Interpersonal skills Scholastic aptitude
Scholastic aptitude
What is the process of setting and testing hypotheses called? Natural method Inquiry method Scientific method Logical method Newton method
Scientific method
Why are relationships important in early childhood curriculum? It is important for students to learn how to not whisper to their friends during school. Students need to learn that they are loved and safe away from home. Students must learn early to be respectful and obey authority. Relationships are not part of curriculum.
Students need to learn that they are loved and safe away from home.
Saying 'wailwoad' for 'railroad' is an example of Substitution Addition Distortion Elimination
Substitution
What is a useful starting word for making an open-ended question? Where What Who Why
Why
An adolescent with an increased ability in communication skills in comparison to their peers may be: developing gray matter earlier developing white matter earlier developing both white and gray matter earlier None of these answers are correct
developing white matter earlier
What is the term for the advancement of thinking and physical characteristics? development nourishment puberty growth
development
Mario is having trouble recognizing sequences and is unable to recall math facts. Based on these symptoms, what type of learning disability might Mario be experiencing? dyscalculia dysphagia dysgraphia dyslexia
dyscalculia
_____ is a chemical that can cause stunted growth and development. magnesium potassium calcium lead
lead
What does interdisciplinary mean? covering only one content area the many strategies for maintaining discipline using any form of discipline in the classroom stressing one branch of knowledge over others relating to more than one branch of knowledge
relating to more than one branch of knowledge
The syllable level is where individual sounds are paired with a vowel. This level eases the transition from the isolation level to the _____ level. metacognitive phonological word cognitive
word
Things that just happened a few seconds ago are stored in _____, which is very limited. sensory storage working memory cognitive load automaticity
working memory
According to emotional development theories, _____ 11-year-olds are more emotional than 3-year-olds. 3-year-olds cry less than 11-year-olds. 11-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 3-year-olds. 3-year-olds and 11-year-olds have similar levels of emotional intelligence. 3-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 11-year-olds.
11-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 3-year-olds.
James is struggling in school. He was born twelve years ago, but he is having difficulty answering the types of questions in class that can be typically answered correctly by other twelve-year-olds. His IQ seems more in line with that of an eight-year-old. What is James's chronological age? 11 12 10 8
12
Based on recent research by the CDC, what is the prevalence rate of developmental disabilities in the United States? 25.87% 56.87% 13.87% 8.87%
13.87%
Middle childhood is the period of life between ages _____ and _____. 4; 10 7; 12 2; 8 9; 15
7; 12
Middle childhood is the period of life from ages _____ to _____. 7; 12 2; 10 12; 18 10; 15
7; 12
June was born 6 years ago and is currently in the first grade. If June is found to be reading at a third grade level (that which is typical of children who are 8 years old), then her mental age is _____, which is _____. 8; advanced 6; average 8; average 6; advanced
8; advanced
Which would be considered an example of visual learning? A National Geographic video A Lego tower Taking notes A lecture
A National Geographic video
Which of the following scenarios would support the nativist perspective? A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before. A baby with an older brother picks up language more quickly because he wants to be like his sibling. A child slowly develops sounds, words, and full understanding of language over a series of years. A baby learns new words by imitating the sounds of his parents.
A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before.
Which is an example of an individually appropriate consideration for a student? A student's hair color The grade of a student The age of the student A child's personal interests
A child's personal interests
What is a classroom community? A cooperative environment within a classroom, in which students play different roles, hold varying responsibilities, and successfully navigate interactions amongst one another All of the classrooms in your school You and your fellow teachers working together An activity in which students learn about citizenship
A cooperative environment within a classroom, in which students play different roles, hold varying responsibilities, and successfully navigate interactions amongst one another
Which of the following would BEST support student engagement in the classroom? Giving the students a preview of next week's reading lesson A discussion on a learning concept depicted on a popular TV show Opportunities that allow the students plenty of time to socialize Inviting another teacher to be a guest speaker on a topic of interest
A discussion on a learning concept depicted on a popular TV show
Which is the most accurate definition of an IEP? A guide that instructs teachers on all possible effective classroom accommodations The document which provides a diagnosis of the neurobehavioral disorder ADHD A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve An alternative report card for students with ADHD that assesses their kinesthetic learning
A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve
Which is NOT important when planning a daily schedule for the classroom? A new seating chart each day Allowing for movement Balancing time on task Planning breaks
A new seating chart each day
Which of the following attributes is not considered visible diversity? A person's gender A person's age A person's education A person's genetics
A person's education
Which is NOT an example of group work? A Think, Pair, Share (TPS) that focuses on the secret marriage of Romeo and Juliet. A jigsaw that breaks down World War II. Four students researching Harriet Tubman. A personal reflection that will be shared out in class.
A personal reflection that will be shared out in class.
A student who has difficulties with inattention would likely benefit from which of the following? A social skills curriculum to help them develop their ability to effectively interact with their classmates A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions A chance to get up out of his or her seat and walk through the hallway two times each period A behavior management system which rewards the student for the amount of consecutive class periods they don't call out
A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions
A child is labeled as having a 'behavioral problem' because he had some behavioral difficulties in his class the previous year. This child ends up frequently acting out and disrupting class the following year with a new teacher. This could be considered an example of _____. An academic spurter The social function of schools A self-fulfilling prophecy Tracking
A self-fulfilling prophecy
What is a self concept? A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves. Our values, beliefs and life goals. The way we describe our interactions with others. The way other people view us, and how it impacts the way we see ourselves.
A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves.
Which of the following is an example of the leading cause of death in children over the age of one? A baby dies from juvenile diabetes resultant from consuming sugary baby food An adolescent dies from juvenile leukemia A child succumbs to cardiac arrest stemming from childhood obesity A six year-old is struck by a vehicle while chasing their ball
A six year-old is struck by a vehicle while chasing their ball
A cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is that society and culture play a key role in promoting development. What type of perspective is this considered to be? A linguistic perspective A naive psychology perspective A sociocultural perspective An autonomous learning perspective
A sociocultural perspective
The idea of the Language Acquisition Device, developed by Noam Chomsky, could be described as: A computerized system used to model natural language development. The ability of the nervous system to allow the correct production of speech sounds. The system followed by researchers to track the stages of learning universal grammar. A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language.
A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language.
In your classroom, you have a student who has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and constantly needs to get out of his seat. Which of the following educational resources would help your student succeed? A silent free-write activity where students work independently. A reading activity where students listen to books on tape. A video activity where students interview each other at their desks. A station activity where students move around the room with clipboards.
A station activity where students move around the room with clipboards.
Which of the following is NOT an example of hands-on instruction? A student completes a calculus formula on the board A student records a live lecture on marketing strategies A student dissects a frog using a computer simulation A student writes a letter to the editor of the local newspaper
A student records a live lecture on marketing strategies
Which of the following is NOT an example of an outward sign of learning? A student nodding her head A student whose eyes light up A student who is staring at the floor A student who is paying attention
A student who is staring at the floor
Which of the following best defines an English language learner (ELL) in the school setting? Any student who is enrolled in an English language course Only a student who was born in another country and whose native language is not English A student whose primary language is not English, or one raised in a household where English is limited or non-existent A student whose primary language is English, but who struggles with grammar and spelling
A student whose primary language is not English, or one raised in a household where English is limited or non-existent
Which of the following is an example of mentoring in education? A teacher meets one-on-one with a student to provide guidance and extra help A teacher instructs the class on the responsibilities of a citizenry A teacher challenges the students with advanced materials and content that exceed the level of the current curriculum A teacher incorporates learning activities that promote group communication and teamwork
A teacher meets one-on-one with a student to provide guidance and extra help
Which of the following people is considered intrinsically motivated? A guy who runs errands in exchange for free pizza A woman who paints because it's relaxing A student who completes all her homework so she doesn't get in trouble A man who creates artwork for money
A woman who paints because it's relaxing
What part of the SMART learning objectives ensures that the learning objective is realistic? Specific Achievable Relevant Time-based
Achievable
What is one thing questions are really good at? Making students feel bad about what they don't know Motivating students to do their homework Activating prior knowledge Getting students talking to each other
Activating prior knowledge
To review the module lesson, Martina directs her students to pair up and quiz each other on what they've learned. This is an example of: Active learning Rote learning Scientific method Whole child theory
Active learning
Changing one's behavior to meet challenges in a changed situation or new environment is called: Maladjustment Adjustment Adolescence Maladaptive
Adjustment
Changing one's behavior to meet challenges in a changed situation or new environment is called: Maladjustment Adolescence Maladaptive Adjustment
Adjustment
The period of life between childhood and adulthood is called: Egocentrism Adolescence Early adulthood Late childhood
Adolescence
The time between childhood and adulthood is called: Adolescence Adjustment Early adulthood Late childhood
Adolescence
The time between childhood and adulthood is called: Adolescence Early adulthood Adjustment Late childhood
Adolescence
The time of life between childhood and adulthood is called: Egocentrism Imaginary audience Adolescence None are correct Personal fable
Adolescence
Which of the following is TRUE about the influence of peers and parents on adolescents? Adolescents are influenced less by their peers than by their parents. Adolescents are not influenced by their peers nor by their parents. Adolescents are influenced more by their peers than by their parents. Adolescents are influenced equally by their peers and their parents.
Adolescents are influenced more by their peers than by their parents.
Mauricio is a student from Guatemala. When it comes to speaking, he can participate in conversations although, at times, he needs to pause to find a word/expression that conveys what he wants to say. Mauricio has an accent but he is not difficult to understand. He uses appropriate tenses although he makes a few mistakes here and there. Mauricio's level in speaking, according to the 'Texas English Language Proficiency Standards' (ELPS), is: Advanced-high Beginning Intermediate Advanced
Advanced
Which of the following activities BEST aligns with the concept of practical learning? After reading the textbook, students answer quiz questions to check for understanding After learning about current social issues, students write letters to elected officials urging them to action While studying ancient Egypt, students visit a museum to see an Egyptian mummy While studying chemical reactions, the teacher demonstrates various reactions during a lecture
After learning about current social issues, students write letters to elected officials urging them to action
What types of experiences should teachers provide to build confidence and independence in their students? Limited experiences Mastery-appropriate experiences Free range experiences Age-appropriate and individually appropriate experiences
Age-appropriate and individually appropriate experiences
_____ designed the first intelligence test. Alfred Binet Michael Stanford Erik Erikson Carl Jung
Alfred Binet
Multicultural education challenges _____ discrimination. Some forms of All Only gender Only religious
All
Active listening is not only used in the therapeutic setting; it is an essential component of _____. effective communication All answers are correct engaging with others good relationships
All answers are correct
Diversity includes _____. Race All answers are correct Religion Ethnicity
All answers are correct
Diversity means _____. Many demographic variables A state or fact of being different A variety of options All answers are correct
All answers are correct
What is a benefit of social play? Children learn to take turns. Children learn to be considerate of others Children improve their social skills All answers are correct
All answers are correct
Which of the following is an example of a life skill? Personal hygiene All answers are correct Time management Healthy habits
All answers are correct
Which of these tactics only makes the situation worse? Name-calling Telling someone's secrets Yelling All answers are correct
All answers are correct
Classroom diversity includes variables such as _____. language backgrounds learning styles special education needs All answers are correct.
All answers are correct.
What is included in invisible diversity? A person's level of education All answers are examples of invisible diversity A person's marital status A person's religious beliefs
All answers are examples of invisible diversity
Besides being affected by one's own life at school, a teen can often become upset about: Family changes All are correct A divorce or remarriage A death of someone close to them Not getting along with parents
All are correct
What is a common issue middle and secondary school students go through? All are correct Rejection Romantic relationship challenges Problems with peers Issues with authority
All are correct
What is a benefit to community-based learning? Develops interpersonal skills Creates authentic learning experiences All of the above Increases student engagement
All of the above
Why do we use action verbs when writing learning objectives? All of the above. Because students need to be able to demonstrate their learning. Because learning is active. Because teachers need to be able to assess the students.
All of the above.
Why do we use action verbs when writing learning objectives? All of the above. Because teachers need to be able to assess the students. Because learning is active. Because students need to be able to demonstrate their learning.
All of the above.
The hook used to teach a lesson should: Engage students' curiosity Be exciting to students Draw on the content of the lesson All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct
Which is a guideline for incorporating multiple intelligences in your teaching? Allow students to complete work in different ways Vary your lessons All of the answers are correct Present information in a variety of ways
All of the answers are correct
An example of realia might include which of the following? Running around the room to demonstrate the phrase ''to run'' All of the answers are correct. Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich in front of the class using English to describe every detail Pointing to your shoe
All of the answers are correct.
How can a teacher make students feel that they belong in the classroom? By displaying posters and other visual aids that are representative of the diversity of all students. By playing music from diverse artists. All of the answers are correct. By displaying student-made flags of their native countries.
All of the answers are correct.
Mr. Jefferson begins his first class by holding the end of the yarn, introducing himself to the class with his name and a fact about himself, and rolling the ball of yarn to a student. The student grabs the piece of yarn, repeats the process, then rolls the ball to another student while still holding on to his piece of the yarn. This process continues for all the students. What is TRUE about this activity? All of the answers are correct. The students get to know each other's names and attributes. It acts as an icebreaker activity. The children learn the value of teamwork.
All of the answers are correct.
When teaching ELLs, what should also be explored and understood to help with independently comprehending larger, more complex vocabulary? Prefixes Suffixes Roots All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following have been observed in children on the autism spectrum? All of the answers are correct. Difficulty interpreting social cues, such as facial expressions Preferring to be alone Demonstrating repetitive (stereotypical) behavior
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of developmental delay in children? All of the options are causes of developmental delay in children. Pervasive developmental disorders, such as Autism Complications during pregnancy or birth, such as an infection passed from mother to child during birth. Genetic factors, such as Down syndrome
All of the options are causes of developmental delay in children.
According to the SMART learning objective formula, which of the following clearly shows a measurable goal for a student studying astronomy? Students should be able to create a visual presentation about each planet. Students should be able to complete quizzes about the properties of each planet. All of these answers are correct. Students should be able to verbally describe the properties of each planet.
All of these answers are correct.
Early onset schizophrenia is diagnosed: most often in people with a family history of schizophrenia in 1 out of 40,000 children and adolescents All of these are correct before the age of 18
All of these are correct
Which is an example of autonomy? Students making choices for themselves Students who are sure of themselves as individuals All of these are correct. Students letting their preferences be known
All of these are correct.
Which is a way to wisely use valuable hours in a day? Watching a YouTube video on how to cook a specific dish Listening to audiobooks in your car during your commute All of these are great ways to use your time. Updating your Facebook page to try to bring in new business Going for a 15 minute walk
All of these are great ways to use your time.
Which of the following examples represents a function of a school? Transmitting cultural norms and values. Transmitting knowledge and academic skills. Teaching students how to interact with others. All of these are true.
All of these are true.
What is communication? Communication is nonverbal cues. All the answers are correct Communication is talking. Communication is written language.
All the answers are correct
What should you do if a student seems very uncertain when you question them? Send them to look up the answer in a textbook. Keep asking them more questions. Tell them to study harder next time. Allow them to turn to a friend or classmate for support.
Allow them to turn to a friend or classmate for support.
Which one of the conditions below is NOT considered a developmental disability? ADHD Intellectual disabilities Alzheimer's disease Autism
Alzheimer's disease
If a student notes a connection between how much they practice kicking a ball and how well they play soccer, then what have they formed? An S-R bond An S-R connection An S-I bond An S-I connection
An S-R bond
Which of the following is an example of a child in the period of early childhood? A ten-year-old whose world view is expanding A seven-month-old who is beginning to eat baby food An excitable five-year-old kindergartner A fourteen-year-old who is about to finish middle school
An excitable five-year-old kindergartner
What is personal diversity? The freedom to choose a fashion style How an individual tries to make him/herself different from other people An individual's unique blend of visible and invisible diversity traits How an individual's personality makes him or her unique
An individual's unique blend of visible and invisible diversity traits
School initiatives designed to discourage and end bullying are called what? IEPs Parent-teacher conferences Positive behavior campaigns Anti-bullying campaigns
Anti-bullying campaigns
Standards-based assessments are typically: A play or poem based on the standards Any assessment that meets the intent of the standards Short-answer questions based on the standards Multiple-choice questions about the standards
Any assessment that meets the intent of the standards
Guided practice can be used in: Any class where English Language Learners and other students need support. Only when the teacher has time to fit it into her lesson plans. Only in math class because the concepts are so abstract that students are often confused. Only in the language arts classroom because English Language Learners are not proficient in the English language.
Any class where English Language Learners and other students need support.
The term 'developmental disabilities' describes: Any one of a number of conditions that emerge during key developmental periods in childhood which significantly impact a person's physical, cognitive, or behavioral health Any one of three main conditions that emerge during key developmental periods in adulthood which significantly impact a person's physical, cognitive, or behavioral health Any one of three main conditions that emerge during key developmental periods in childhood which significantly impact a person's emotional, social, or behavioral health None of the answers are correct
Any one of a number of conditions that emerge during key developmental periods in childhood which significantly impact a person's physical, cognitive, or behavioral health
The six ELL proficiency levels: Apply only to those who wish to improve their English Apply to everyone, including those who speak English as their mother tongue Apply only to students in grades K-12 Apply only to those who are learning English
Apply to everyone, including those who speak English as their mother tongue
Marcos just learned how to calculate averages in his math class and now he is using this knowledge to compute his GPA. What level of Bloom's taxonomy is demonstrated in this example? Analyzing Remembering (knowledge) Applying Creating (synthesis)
Applying
Who developed the philosophy of realism? Marie Curie Edward Thorndike Sir Isaac Newton Aristotle
Aristotle
How should you view the parents of your students? As partners As adversaries As annoyances As nuisances
As partners
Mr. Moore teaches high school math. He consistently struggles to get his class settled and ready for the daily lesson. Which of the following would be the best advice for Mr. Moore? He should assign new seats so students will not be sitting by their friends. When students arrive, he should have an exit ticket on each desk for the end of the period. As students enter the classroom, he should have a short exercise, or bell ringer, on the board for students to complete. He should not let students in the classroom until they are quiet and orderly.
As students enter the classroom, he should have a short exercise, or bell ringer, on the board for students to complete.
Which of the following best explains the routine Ask 3 Before Me? Each bell ringer should contain 3 questions. Ask 3 peers any question about a lesson or activity before asking the teacher. Ask 3 people to borrow a pencil before asking the teacher. Check an assignment 3 times before turning it in to the teacher.
Ask 3 peers any question about a lesson or activity before asking the teacher.
How can you use questioning to assess your students' understanding? Ask your students several questions before you start teaching. Give a detailed quiz after you lecture for a long time. Ask questions midway through your lesson. Make note of which students don't seem to be paying attention.
Ask questions midway through your lesson.
If a teacher is trying to use culturally relevant pedagogy she would most likely use which of the following instructional strategies? Have the students silently read the information from their textbooks and then write a summary of what they have just read. Use a Powerpoint presentation to team-teach the lesson plan with another teacher. Write the course material on the board and have the students take notes. Ask students to explain the course material by using their own experience to clarify the information. Show an instructional video that demonstrates the more complicated aspects of the course material.
Ask students to explain the course material by using their own experience to clarify the information.
Control of _____ improves in middle childhood. Cognitive development Attention The mind Memory
Attention
_____ leads to better _____. Memory; attention Learning; memory Attention; meta-cognition Attention; memory
Attention; memory
What components does the ABCD method use? Abstract, blended, concrete, and distinct All learners, before, concrete, and dependable Audience, behavior, conditions, and degree of mastery Audible, brilliant, creative, deliberate
Audience, behavior, conditions, and degree of mastery
The process of making something automatic through lots of practice is called: Cognitive load. Working memory. Chunking. Automaticity.
Automaticity.
According to Vygotsky, a child's use of the word 'da' for daddy is indicative of which stage of speech development? Egocentric speech Self-talk Autonomous speech Preintellectual speech
Autonomous speech
What psychosocial crisis results in either a feeling of confidence or inadequacy? Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Intimacy vs. isolation Trust vs. mistrust Industry vs. inferiority
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
What should you do if you don't like one your colleagues? Argue with them. Avoid them. Be considerate in your communication with them at all times. Complain to your principal.
Be considerate in your communication with them at all times.
Why would we expect grey matter to be very active during childhood? Because children are constantly getting sick. Because children are often discovering new things and need to process them. Because children haven't yet developed their prefrontal cortex. Because children need to have the different parts of their brain work together.
Because children are often discovering new things and need to process them.
Why is inquiry important in the scientific method? Because inquiry helps us to check our calculations. Because developing a good question can be a great starting point for using the scientific method. Because the scientific method thrives on responding to critical questions. Because under the scientific method, once we've reached our conclusion, we need to inquire whether or not it's true.
Because developing a good question can be a great starting point for using the scientific method.
Why do some cultures believe girls should not be educated? Because there are more schools for boys than there are for girls Because girls are unable to contribute financially to the family Because girls prefer to tend to their family Because girls are not perceived as being smart
Because girls are unable to contribute financially to the family
Why did Lev Vygotsky believe that teacher-student interactions were not the most effective form of social learning? Because he believed that teachers could never completely understand their students. Because he believed that students could never completely understand their teachers. Because he believed that people learn best from people who know exactly as much as they do. Because he believed that people learn best from people who are just a little bit ahead of them.
Because he believed that people learn best from people who are just a little bit ahead of them.
Why is the successful completion of the trust versus mistrust stage important? Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will not be trustworthy. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious and insecure. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become a liar. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will not understand the concept of trust.
Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious and insecure.
Why is community-based learning considered authentic learning? Because it relates to the curriculum Because it happens outside of the classroom Because it is based on real-life experiences Because it is is found on all levels of education
Because it is based on real-life experiences
Why is the concrete operational stage an important developmental stage? Because it is when children start school. Because it is when children first make friends. Because it is when children start puberty. Because it is when children learn to think about the world in complex ways. Because it is when children experience their largest growth spurt.
Because it is when children learn to think about the world in complex ways.
Why is intelligence testing not usually applicable to adults? Because adults have more practice studying for tests Because the questions are directed toward individuals of a lower mental age Because it measures scholastic aptitude Because the questions are geared toward folks of a lower chronological age
Because it measures scholastic aptitude
Why do poorer students tend to have lower technological fluency than their more affluent peers? Because poorer students are likely to have less expensive computers and smartphones. Because more affluent students are likely to receive private tutoring about technology. Because poorer students are generally less patient with technological systems. Because poorer students are likely to be exposed to technology later in their lives.
Because poorer students are likely to be exposed to technology later in their lives.
Why is preparing to teach in a diverse classroom getting so much attention in the field of education? Because it's popular at the moment Because teachers want to expand their horizons Because there is a cultural/racial achievement gap, and diversity is increasing Because racism is being talked about in general
Because there is a cultural/racial achievement gap, and diversity is increasing
A teacher makes sure to take time to encourage each of their students, no matter how poorly the student is doing in the class. Why might this teacher be called a humanist? Because they believe that all of their students should live up to their potential. Because all of their students are humans. Because they want to treat their students humanely. Because they believe in the importance of teaching.
Because they believe that all of their students should live up to their potential.
Sarah made a list of facts about behaviorism. She made an error. Review her list and indicate which one Sarah should remove because it is incorrect. Behaviorism is exclusively designed to assist in modifying student behavior in the classroom. Behaviorists believe that people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishment. Behaviorists are interested only in observable behaviors. Behaviorism was the predominant psychological theory of the early and mid 20th Century.
Behaviorism is exclusively designed to assist in modifying student behavior in the classroom.
Maria studied hard and received an A on her history assignment. She felt proud and was reinforced to continue to study hard for every history exam. Which motivational perspective is represented in this scenario? Cognitive perspective. Trait perspective. Humanistic perspective. Behaviorist perspective.
Behaviorist perspective.
Which of the following statements is part of Thorndike's Law of Effect? Behaviors caused by intrinsic motivation are more likely to lead to reinforcement. Behaviors followed by reinforcements or punishments are equally likely to occur again in the future. Behaviors followed by punishments are more likely to occur again in the future. Behaviors followed by reinforcements are more likely to occur again in the future.
Behaviors followed by reinforcements are more likely to occur again in the future.
How can parents help their children avoid serious accidents? Being aware of safety concerns, having an accurate sense of their child's motor and cognitive abilities Monitoring their children's activities at all times to ensure they are never unsafe By trusting their child's judgment and understanding their hugely significant motor limitations Lecturing them on all of the dangers in the world as soon as they reach early childhood
Being aware of safety concerns, having an accurate sense of their child's motor and cognitive abilities
If you graphed every IQ score in the world, the graph would resemble that of a _____. Straight line Diagonal line Bell Mountain with peaks and valleys
Bell
Developmentally normal boys experience puberty at what age range? Between the ages of 9 and 17 Between the ages of 8 and 15 Between the ages of 10 and 15 Between the ages of 9 and 15
Between the ages of 9 and 17
Which of the following descriptions best fits both the controversies of self-fulfilling prophecies and tracking in education? Both deal with the extent of teacher training necessary for a teacher to be qualified to teach certain populations Both deal with the importance of reducing class size for student performance and the use of testing in school Both deal with how self-esteem affects students' academic performance and whether school should have advanced placement classes Both deal with how the expectations of others affect student performance
Both deal with how the expectations of others affect student performance
For social studies, when the teacher asks students to format a research paper and include statistics, charts, and maps to support the idea, the lesson is planned with which of the following cross-curricular methods? Only the fusion method Both multidisciplinary and fusion methods Only the multidisciplinary method Only the interdisciplinary method
Both multidisciplinary and fusion methods
Scaffolding instruction allows teachers to: Track students so that the high level students are in one group and the low level students are in another. Break instruction into smaller components so that students can organize information. Water down the curriculum so that students can be successful even if it's at a lower level. Cut out parts of the curriculum determined to be irrelevant.
Break instruction into smaller components so that students can organize information.
What is the main purpose of scaffolding instruction? Accommodating students with different learning needs so that student learning is supported for all students Differentiating instruction to meet individual student needs in learning Breaking up information into smaller chunks to provide support for student learning Helping students see how pieces of information fit together to provide support for student learning
Breaking up information into smaller chunks to provide support for student learning
Which of the following is an example of an outside educational resource? Having students write letters to mail to their elected representatives Creating a class poster with goals for the school year Bringing a politician in to speak to your class Creating a new class motto and posting it throughout the school
Bringing a politician in to speak to your class
Which is NOT a component of learning objectives? Measurable Concrete Broad Precise
Broad
What is an example of constructive play? Running around in the gym. Laughing with friends during recess. Building a city made out of blocks. Having a pretend tea party.
Building a city made out of blocks.
Which of the following is NOT true? Consistency involves dealing with behaviors the same way regardless of whether the student is an honor roll student or a class clown It is important for teachers to remain calm and not yell at students Many students actually want structure in the classroom Bullying is behavior that can be dealt with through planned ignoring
Bullying is behavior that can be dealt with through planned ignoring
Why are self-directed learning and self-evaluation key elements in building lifelong learners? By combining a knowledge of how to learn with a knowledge of how to do research, they give people the tools they need to learn new things. Because they're required for any kind of learning, which means they're necessary for lifelong learning as well. By combining a knowledge of how to do research with a knowledge of their own weaknesses, they give people the tools they need to learn new things. By combining a knowledge of how to learn with a knowledge of their own weaknesses, they give people the tools they need to learn new things.
By combining a knowledge of how to learn with a knowledge of their own weaknesses, they give people the tools they need to learn new things.
How can teachers help students with little access to technology? By giving them extra time to explore technology. By setting high expectations and not backing down. By only working with students who have computers at home. By giving lots of tests.
By giving them extra time to explore technology.
Why is chunking helpful? By grouping pieces of information together, the information becomes easier to process. By cutting information into smaller components, the information becomes easier to process. By cutting information into smaller components, they become easier to remember. By grouping pieces of information together, they become easier to remember.
By grouping pieces of information together, they become easier to remember.
How can teachers develop interpersonal and intrapersonal skills in their students? By having the students do more projects than tests. By having the students take a lot of tests. By having the students work in groups. By having the students work independently.
By having the students work in groups.
Mrs. Gery is a grade 4 teacher. Her students regularly use crayons, scissors, and other supplies. How can these materials be best organized? By keeping the materials in a closed containers behind her desk. By keeping the materials in a plastic bag that is then placed in the principal's office. By keeping the materials in open containers in front of the class. By keeping the supplies for each seating group in a tub at their respective pod.
By keeping the supplies for each seating group in a tub at their respective pod.
How could a teacher use the human tendency to strive for positive things as a teaching technique? By giving out candy at random intervals during class time By making a wall chart to record each time a student handed in homework on time with a star By making a wall chart to record each time a student failed to hand in homework on time with a zero By banning the use of cell phones during class time
By making a wall chart to record each time a student handed in homework on time with a star
What is one good strategy for teaching life skills to students? By mocking incorrect use of life skills By ignoring problematic behaviors By modeling life skills By quizzing students daily on life skills
By modeling life skills
How does school often influence a student's cognitive development? By offering more challenging subjects. By encouraging social behavior in the classroom. By requiring more physical endurance in gym class. By boosting students' self-esteem.
By offering more challenging subjects.
How could a teacher use the human tendency to avoid negative things as a teaching technique? By giving out stickers to students who answer questions incorrectly By taking a minute off of recess each time a student answers a question incorrectly By taking a minute off of recess each time a student answers a question correctly By giving out stickers to students who answer questions correctly
By taking a minute off of recess each time a student answers a question incorrectly
Which of the following behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of a child with hyperactivity? Excessively tapping one's fingers on the desk and kicking the bottom desk Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon A student who prefers to run rather than walk and to play loudly rather than quietly. The need to get out of one's seat and walk or stretch every few minutes
Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon
Active listening comes from the person-centered therapy of _____. Carl Rogers Sigmund Freud Abraham Maslow Carl Jung
Carl Rogers
Betty monitors their movements as her children practice various dance moves. What sensory skill are the children learning? Balance Body in Space Laterality Centering
Centering
Focusing on one aspect of a situation and ignoring others is called: Conservation Centration Cognitive development Decentration
Centration
With regard to religious diversity in the classroom, which of the following is something that a teacher would not do? Embrace the diversity of religions in the classroom. Model tolerance for different religious beliefs. Change policies regarding separation of church and state. Discuss different religious traditions. Model respect for different religious beliefs.
Change policies regarding separation of church and state.
Jenny is teaching a unit on decimal numbers, but she's noticing that her students find the lesson too easy. What should she do? Move on to another topic, since everyone seems to understand. Keep going, to keep the students' morale up. End the lesson and call an early recess, since everyone seems to understand. Change the lesson to make it more challenging.
Change the lesson to make it more challenging.
Which of the following occurs during the preoperational stage of development? Children begin to think in terms of conservation. Children become inquisitive and use mental representations for objects Children begin to think logically about objects and events. Children understand that objects can be changed and then returned to original state.
Children become inquisitive and use mental representations for objects
All of the following statements are true about language development in children EXCEPT: Girls tend to develop language quicker than boys Lower socio-economic status is generally associated with a smaller vocabulary Diverse social experiences promote language development Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly
Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly
At the PTA meeting, several in attendance spoke out against tracking. Which argument was counterproductive? Class division always leads students to develop lifelong feelings of self-confidence. Once a student is placed on a particular track, they typically remain on that track. The method used to separate students into classes may not be equitable. Class division can lead students to develop lifelong feelings of inferiority or superiority.
Class division always leads students to develop lifelong feelings of self-confidence.
Edgar teaches literature at a public high school. He focuses his curriculum on books by writers like Locke, Homer, and Marlowe. What are these works called? Evergreen ideas Perennialism Classics Great conversations
Classics
Understanding that one category of things can contain another category of things is called: Classification Transitivity Concrete operational Seriation
Classification
Your students are unruly and disruptive toward others. Which best relates to how you as a teacher would deal with this issue? Creative thinking Visual learning Classroom management Kinesthetic learning
Classroom management
Which relates to a teacher's ability to control the behavior of students in class? Classroom management Discipline Critical thinking Positive reinforcement
Classroom management Discipline
Which of the following statements about effective classroom management is FALSE? Classroom management should include no less than 10 classroom rules Classroom management can be the difference between calm productivity and total class disorder Classroom management involves the same strategies yet may vary in the techniques used for each class Classroom management entails planning ahead of the first day of class
Classroom management should include no less than 10 classroom rules
Intellectual growth is called: Learning development Cognitive development Thinking development Meta-cognition
Cognitive development
The process of growth in the area of thinking is called: Decentration Conservation Cognitive development Centration
Cognitive development
When working memory is overtaxed with too much information, it results in: Sensory overload. Chunking. Automaticity. Cognitive load.
Cognitive load.
What organizational method helps teachers easily track student materials? Arranging desks in pods Arranging desks in rows Color-coding Writing names in large letters
Color-coding
What is considerate communication? Communication where everyone is respected for the values, beliefs, and ideas Communication that takes into account all variables of a situation Communication where everyone has their say Learning good turn-taking skills
Communication where everyone is respected for the values, beliefs, and ideas
What type of community-based learning strategy solves a community problem? Community-based research Service Learning Community integration Community participation
Community-based research
The _____ stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by the development of logical operations, classification, and conservation. Concrete Operational Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal Operational Operational
Concrete Operational
This is the theory that describes learning as an active process of constructing new ideas or concepts based on previous knowledge: Functionalism Iconic Reciprocal Constructivism Symbolism
Constructivism
Which educational perspective proposes that the responsibility of learning falls on the learner rather than the teacher? Constructivist Behaviorist Cognitive Social-Cognitive
Constructivist
Which of the following approaches to integrating multicultural education provides examples of the relevant contributions and heroic accomplishments of people from different races and cultures, without changing the lesson plan or goals of the unit being taught? Social action Additive Transformation Contributions
Contributions
Which of the following is an example of reversibility? Memorizing a poem Running forwards and backwards Doing a somersault Learning to read Counting forwards and backwards
Counting forwards and backwards
Why are crash diets not recommended for children? An obese child who becomes thin will have problems adjusting to their new social situation Crash diets deprive a child of nutrients crucial for health and growth Crash diets are only recommended for children over age 10 Children do not know when to stop dieting
Crash diets deprive a child of nutrients crucial for health and growth
Carlos needs to develop a website for his computer technology class. What level of Bloom's taxonomy is demonstrated by this assignment? Analyzing Understanding (comprehension) Remembering (knowledge) Creating (synthesis)
Creating (synthesis)
Which of the following is a strategy for helping English language learners read more complex texts? Providing them with the text in their native language Creating individual activities Creating heterogeneous groups Enforcing silent reading time
Creating heterogeneous groups
Which statement about cross-curricular teaching is TRUE. There are only three ways teachers can apply cross-curricular learning. Interdisciplinary teaching is another way to describe multidisciplinary learning. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of cross-curricular teaching is not important to teachers' lesson planning. Cross-curricular teaching includes fusion, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary approaches to learning.
Cross-curricular teaching includes fusion, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary approaches to learning.
What trend is seen in cultural diversity in the USA? Cultural diversity in the USA is increasing The Latino population is increasing, but other minority populations are decreasing Cultural diversity in the USA is decreasing Cultural diversity in the USA is staying the same
Cultural diversity in the USA is increasing
What is curriculum? Curriculum is what teachers do through direct instruction. Curriculum is everything students learn, implicitly and explicitly. Curriculum is lesson planning and organizing homework activities. Curriculum is reading and writing.
Curriculum is everything students learn, implicitly and explicitly.
The psychologist who developed the theory of egocentrism was: None are correct David Elkind Edward Thorndike Carol Gilligan Lawrence Kohlberg
David Elkind
Conservation depends partly upon: Centration Mathematical ability Objectivity Decentration
Decentration
All of the following can be expressions of a developmental abnormality in a child, EXCEPT: Difficulty with social interactions. Depression Physical delays. Cognitive dysfunctions.
Depression
The process of change that all humans experience is called: Learning Development Growth Maturation
Development
How is developmental abnormality defined? Development that causes difficulty with social interactions. Development that shows a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity. Development that varies from what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life. Development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers.
Development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers.
During middle childhood, which of the following is TRUE? Most children become more thin. Most children become more fat. All children grow at approximately the same rate. Differences in the sizes of children become more marked.
Differences in the sizes of children become more marked.
Teachers often have students with different skill levels in their classrooms at the same time. In order to meet the needs of all students, teachers must do what? Continue to teach according to unit and lesson plans Differentiate instruction Teach grade level standards only Expect students to follow along, regardless of skill level
Differentiate instruction
Teachers often have students with different skill levels in their classrooms at the same time. In order to meet the needs of all students, teachers must do what? Differentiate instruction Continue to teach according to unit and lesson plans Expect students to follow along, regardless of skill level Teach grade level standards only
Differentiate instruction
Before learning about differentiated instruction, a group of students was asked to guess the meaning of the term. The teacher received these four responses. Analyze these responses and indicate which one best aligns with the concept of differentiated instruction. Differentiating instruction means you give all students different amounts and different kinds of work most every day. Differentiating instruction means you provide students with different options for demonstrating what they have learned. Differentiating instruction means you develop a different lesson for each student to allow them to demonstrate what they have learned. Differentiating instruction means you assign more work at the same level to high-achieving students.
Differentiating instruction means you provide students with different options for demonstrating what they have learned.
Which of the following lists the four stages James Marcia outlined for identity status, in the correct order? Differentiation, Confusion, Clarity, Settling Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achievement Searching, Choosing, Discovery, Identification Achievement, Foreclosure, Diffusion, Moratorium
Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achievement
Which type of instruction puts the teacher in the role of controller or organizer? Discovery instruction Common instruction Dominant instruction Direct instruction
Direct instruction
Differentiated instruction means to: Give students different worksheets Water down reading instruction so that your students are successful. Diversify your reading instruction to benefit all of your students. Deliver reading instruction in the student's native language.
Diversify your reading instruction to benefit all of your students.
Jaelle is having difficulty learning his multiplication tables. What cooperative instructional strategy might Jaelle benefit from the most? Divide the class into cooperative work groups and give the work groups the task of individually memorizing the multiplication table. Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and assign specific roles of collaboration for each member of the group. Divide the class into cooperative work groups and have the students continue to work individually then check with the student in charge to determine if they have obtained the correct answers. Divide the class into work groups and give each work group different numbers of the multiplication table to individually memorize. Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and have one student in the group do the work for the students who are struggling with the multiplication table.
Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and assign specific roles of collaboration for each member of the group.
What is NOT a time management skill to teach children? Doing as many things as possible in a day without a plan Avoiding clutter Color coding Using a calendar
Doing as many things as possible in a day without a plan
Which of the following is an example of a phonological process disorder? Picture for pitcher Tin for win Dot for got Bing for ring
Dot for got
The period of time between age two and age seven is called: Symbolic thought Mental operations Early childhood Egocentrism None are correct
Early childhood
The time between ages two and seven is called: Transformative reasoning Cognitive development Reversibility Early childhood Static reasoning
Early childhood
Parents can avoid childhood obesity by NOT forcing their children to _____ and by encouraging their children to _____. Participate in sports; Play video games Eat more than they need; Move more and play actively Consume three meals daily; Snack throughout the day Do exercise; Eat more carbohydrates
Eat more than they need; Move more and play actively
Which of the following best defines multicultural education? A form of 'No Child Left Behind' A method dispute resolution Education that celebrates differences and also challenges all forms of discrimination Education focused on studying different cultures
Education that celebrates differences and also challenges all forms of discrimination
According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage have difficulty taking the perspective of another person. They are demonstrating _____. Assimilation Accommodation Egocentrism Conservation Reversibility
Egocentrism
The inability to think about how others think or perceive the world is called: None are correct Symbolic thought Egocentrism Early childhood Mental operations
Egocentrism
The inability to view things from others' point of view is called: Imaginary audience Egocentrism Adolescence None are correct Personal fable
Egocentrism
When Sarah gets a pimple, she feels like everyone's looking at it. This is a symptom of: Cognitive development Thinking critically Egocentrism Argumentative skills
Egocentrism
Articulation deficits include all of the following EXCEPT: Distortions Eliminations Substitutions Omissions
Eliminations
This is the stage of representation in which an object can be directly manipulated, but without an internal representation of said object: Constructivist mode Linguistic mode Symbolic mode Iconic mode Enactive mode
Enactive mode
Bruner's three stages of cognitive representation follow which order, from earliest to latest? Iconic, enactive, symbolic Symbolic, enactive, iconic Enactive, symbolic, iconic Iconic, symbolic, enactive Enactive, iconic, symbolic
Enactive, iconic, symbolic
Which of the following is NOT a good way to build a strong classroom community? Encouraging students to tell on each other when someone is not being responsible Teaching problem-solving Classroom projects Student jobs
Encouraging students to tell on each other when someone is not being responsible
Which of the following classroom activities promotes gender equity? Allowing all girls to answer questions without raising their hands Reading books on leadership and governance with predominately male characters Conducting an assessment every three years to determine if stereotypical practices exist in instruction Engaging in class discussion about stereotypes found in books and instructional material
Engaging in class discussion about stereotypes found in books and instructional material
What does ELL stand for? English lexicon low English learning limited English learning low English language learner
English language learner
What might be one way to solve a communication breakdown between a teacher and a student? Give the student a bad grade Enlist help from the family Punish the student for not listening Repeat the same communication pattern again
Enlist help from the family
What level of Bloom's taxonomy is demonstrated by students discussing the concept and one student saying 'That is so cool!' after class? Applying Remembering (knowledge) Understanding (comprehension) Evaluating
Evaluating
What happens when people learn to work together for a solution? One person gets his way, and the other one doesn't Nobody gets anything Items are shared 50/50 Everyone gets something
Everyone gets something
The term ELL refers to: All language learners Those who are learning English as a foreign language Those who are learning English as a second language Everyone who is learning English
Everyone who is learning English
When designing lessons, teachers need to find _____ that engage the students in the material. Assessment questions Exciting hooks Question words Stem and root words
Exciting hooks
What is an example of explicit instruction of a life skill? Balancing your own checkbook in front of your class Explaining how and when to use deodorant Discussing as a group how to solve a problem Giving students a pop quiz on hygiene
Explaining how and when to use deodorant
Refining your knowledge of a word through multiple exposures is an example of: None are correct Extended mapping Fast mapping Vocabulary All are correct
Extended mapping
Withdrawing a reinforcement that leads to behaviors stopping is called: Negation Weening Extinction Depletion
Extinction
What is the main difference between extrinsic motivators and self-evaluation? Extrinsic motivators rely on motivation from outside the individual, while self-evaluation relies on motivation from within the individual. Self-evaluation is more effective at inducing learning than extrinsic motivators. Extrinsic motivators are more effective at inducing learning than self-evaluation. Extrinsic motivators rely on motivation from inside the individual, while self-evaluation relies on motivation from outside the individual.
Extrinsic motivators rely on motivation from outside the individual, while self-evaluation relies on motivation from within the individual.
Which of the following BEST describes the early childhood teacher's role during play? Partner and friend Instructor and leader Disciplinarian and controller Facilitator and observer
Facilitator and observer
Learning a new word after only one or two exposures to the word is an example of: All are correct Extended mapping Vocabulary None are correct Fast mapping
Fast mapping
When a toddler repeats a curse word, it is an example of: Extended mapping Vocabulary Fast mapping All are correct None are correct
Fast mapping
_____ mapping involves learning a word quickly, but _____ mapping can refine the definition and increase accuracy of vocabulary. Fast; extended All are correct Fast; detailed None are correct Extended; fast
Fast; extended
Which of the following steps occur the least in the communication process? Channel Encoding Feedback Decoding
Feedback
A child with Asperger syndrome would likely experience difficulty in all the following situations EXCEPT which one? Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter Playing the role of a talking animal in a school play Understanding the sarcastic humor of a classmate Participating in a group conversation without interrupting
Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter
The _____ stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by the development of abstract systems of thought that allow learners to solve complex problems with multiple factors. Formal Operational Operational Preoperational Concrete Operational Sensorimotor
Formal Operational
Studies show that white, middle and higher income students routinely do better than minority and lower income students. Which of the following is NOT a cited reason why? Higher priority placed on education Income available for tutors and other materials Genetic differences Greater parental involvement Better access to private schools or higher performing public schools
Genetic differences
Which of the following scenarios is the BEST example of the typical presentation of early onset bipolar disorder? Gina is depressed most of the time and has only had very brief periods that may have been mania. Lily has never shown any signs of depression or mania. Terence has had continual episodes of mania since his early childhood. Sammy has been alternating between depression and mania on a regular basis since the age of six.
Gina is depressed most of the time and has only had very brief periods that may have been mania.
How do boys and girls compare with regards to physical development? Development is unique and depends on the boy or girl. Girls develop before boys do. Boys develop before girls do. Boys and girls develop at the same time.
Girls develop before boys do.
All of the following are examples of a classroom accommodation EXCEPT _____. Seating a student with ADHD at the front of the classroom. Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day. Scheduling the student's most difficult subjects in the morning when their attention span is maximized. Giving students with ADHD additional time to submit assignments that involve writing.
Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day.
Which of the following typical classroom experiences might be based on the principles in Thorndike's Law of Effect? Sending home newsletters, so parents are informed about their children's classrooms. Giving students gold stars for good behavior, to increase how often they show these behaviors. Having teachers meet regularly with their school principal, to ensure common communication. Letting children have occasional breaks such as recess, to avoid fatigue or boredom.
Giving students gold stars for good behavior, to increase how often they show these behaviors.
Differentiated instruction maximizes all students' potential by: Dumbing down the material and leveling the playing field Forcing students to step out of their comfort zones Giving them multiple opportunities to grow in ways that work for each student Giving students the same format repeatedly until they succeed
Giving them multiple opportunities to grow in ways that work for each student
What is one important criterion for an instructional goal? Students should be able to clearly articulate the goal of every lesson Goals should be aligned to the subsequent grade's TEKS standards Goals should be realistically attainable Students should know the goal before beginning their unit
Goals should be realistically attainable
How does puberty begin? Gonadotropins are released, activating the sex glands. This is determined by the family unit and how the child is raised. Children begin to grow body hair, gain weight and experience issues with their skin. Young men begin to become attracted to young women, bringing about changes in their body.
Gonadotropins are released, activating the sex glands.
What key idea surrounding the classics does Shakespeare's writing his famous play Macbeth exemplify? Creative Drive Writing Process Major Conversation Great Conversation
Great Conversation
Which of the following is NOT a developmental skill used for measuring a child's development? Fine motor Language Gross motor Gross anatomy
Gross anatomy
Becky, a two-year-old toddler gave her mother a hug. What motor skills is Becky using for hugging her mother? Fine motor skills Both gross and fine motor skills Neither gross or fine motor skills Gross motor skills
Gross motor skills
Which of the following is NOT a step in PBL? Group development of solutions Group development of theories Group comparison and evaluation of solutions Presentation of problem
Group development of solutions
Native speakers of English: Are those who have English-speaking parents Are born in the United States Only come from certain English-speaking countries Grow up using the language as their mother tongue
Grow up using the language as their mother tongue
Which of the following statement about growth is FALSE? The body becomes physically larger as a result of growth Genetics are a main factor of growth Growth can be measured Growth impacts the mind
Growth impacts the mind
What is a distinguishing characteristic between growth and maturation? Growth is physical, maturation is intellectual Growth is measured by size, maturation is measured by age Growth is a natural process, maturation is a form of learning Growth is limited, maturation is limitless
Growth is limited, maturation is limitless
Which of the following is NOT a result of adolescents failing to adjust well? Anxiety Depression Growth spurts Emotional issues
Growth spurts
Which of the following is NOT a result of adolescents failing to adjust well? Growth spurts Depression Emotional issues Anxiety
Growth spurts
When the teacher chunks reading text, he or she: Cut out sentences from a reading text and have students put them in sequential order Has students read small sections of a story or passage, then check for comprehension Asks students to sequence events from a story Has students read large sections of a story or passage then check for comprehension
Has students read small sections of a story or passage, then check for comprehension
Quentin is often times late to school, but brings a note. What should the teacher do? Have a parent teacher meeting to discuss the situation Report Quentin's late attendance as normal Send Quentin to detention Nothing, because he brings a note
Have a parent teacher meeting to discuss the situation
What should a parent of a child who does NOT achieve key developmental milestones by a reasonable age do? Just keep waiting. They will come around eventually. Panic and call 911. Have the child seen by a physician. Spend more time with the child. Maybe they aren't getting enough attention.
Have the child seen by a physician.
All proficiency level systems: Should be used to determine language ability Work the same way and produce the same results Have their own merits depending on the situation Provide number-based ability level results
Have their own merits depending on the situation
Your ELL students are going to practice a new concept. Which one of the following is the best scenario to ensure that they have enough practice? Have them practice as a whole class, with a partner and independently, using a variety of activities. Have them practice with a partner two times using a worksheet. Have them practice independently two times using a worksheet. Have them practice with the teacher two times while listening to the teacher think aloud.
Have them practice as a whole class, with a partner and independently, using a variety of activities.
Sam's younger brother stops crying when he hears a specific nursery rhyme. As a child, Sam plays the song often for his little brother. As an adult, Sam tries to play the same song for his young daughter when she is crying. Sam's behavior is an example of learning because: He demonstrates knowledge of the song He remembered the song's lyrics He uses his skills to devise a solution to a problem He adapted his behavior based on environmental learning
He adapted his behavior based on environmental learning
Why was B.F. Skinner so focused on observing people's behaviors? He believed this was the best strategy for understanding how they learn He believed this was the best way to learn how to teach He believed people learn their best when they are being observed He believed this was the best method for understanding language acquisition
He believed this was the best strategy for understanding how they learn
What is one strategy for ensuring students' social safety? Help each student find a friend Make sure there are never conflicts among your students Keep your classroom neat and tidy Make sure your students are always happy
Help each student find a friend
What is one strategy for ensuring emotional safety? Decorate your classroom so that it is as stimulating as possible. Help students learn language for talking about their emotions. Minimize chances to talk about bad feelings. Make sure there is space for children to maneuver.
Help students learn language for talking about their emotions.
What is a way to encourage students to be more independent when communicating with each other? Help them practice good communication and problem-solving skills. Tell them to ignore problems and try to move on without working through them. Intervene in every problem students have. Read them books about other students being independent.
Help them practice good communication and problem-solving skills.
A school's _____ unintentionally teaches students the social attitudes and habits that will allow them to fit into society. Manifest function Social function Hidden curriculum Academic curriculum
Hidden curriculum
What did Robert Rosenthal show in his 1964 classroom experiment? Expectations have no impact on success High expectations lead to greater success, low expectations lead to lesser success Students are not affected by expectations at all High expectations lead to lesser success, low expectations lead to greater success
High expectations lead to greater success, low expectations lead to lesser success
How does motivation affect learning? High levels of motivation will increase competition among students, which may lead to lower performance. High levels of motivation will lead to more competition among students, which may lead to improved performance. High levels of motivation will increase persistence, enhance cognitive processes, and lead to improved performance. High levels of motivation will decrease persistence and competition, leading to improved performance.
High levels of motivation will increase persistence, enhance cognitive processes, and lead to improved performance.
Johny is a second-year freshman. He is having some difficulties in understanding his professor because he did not have enough sleep. Why is this an example of noise? His fatigue is preventing him from decoding the message. He is obviously being disrupted by his fellow classmates. He is unable to listen to the message physically. He cannot properly encode the message due to his fatigue.
His fatigue is preventing him from decoding the message.
Rachel would like to assess the lateral movements of her students. Which of the following is a good activity for this? Hopping sideways from one end of the room to the other Bending down and touching the toe Bouncing on a trampoline Identifying different textures
Hopping sideways from one end of the room to the other
All of the following are examples of environmental influences on gender differences, EXCEPT: Media Peers Hormones Parents
Hormones
What do student jobs in the classroom help students emulate? How teachers work together How people are responsible for jobs in a large-scale community or society None of the answers are correct Jobs they might want to do when they're adults
How people are responsible for jobs in a large-scale community or society
Who first proposed the idea of multiple intelligences? Sigmund Freud Albert Einstein Howard Gardner Carl Jung
Howard Gardner
This refers to the knowledge and skills necessary to make a person more productive in, and valuable to, society: Sorting machines Human capital Socialization Social inequality Stratification
Human capital
After doing well in several AP Biology classes and performing a lot of research, Juan has decided he wants to become a doctor. Juan is most likely in what stage of development? Identity Foreclosure Identity Achievement Identity Diffusion Identity Moratorium
Identity Achievement
Mary is beginning to see herself primarily as a musician, and is focusing less on activities that don't relate to music. Mary is in which of Erikson's stages? Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Intimacy vs. isolation Industry vs. inferiority Identity vs. role confusion
Identity vs. role confusion
The belief that everyone is paying attention to you is called: Egocentrism Imaginary audience Adolescence None are correct Personal fable
Imaginary audience
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dysgraphia? Inconsistency in neatness Impairment in reading Difficulty organizing thoughts Difficulty with writing letters
Impairment in reading
How can educators use indices of motivation? In the classroom, educators should use the indices of motivation to know which students will perform best in sports. In the classroom, educators should use the indices of motivation to know which students will perform best on standardized tests. In the classroom, educators should use the indices of motivation to reinforce activities and interests that students already show an existing partiality for. In the classroom, educators should use the indices of motivation to decrease the activities that students are interested in. This way they will be less distracted.
In the classroom, educators should use the indices of motivation to reinforce activities and interests that students already show an existing partiality for.
Mark uses a wheelchair and attends a middle school where there are no sports and recreational activities that accommodate physically-disabled students. Which of the following principles of education would address this issue? Citizen education Inclusive education Rote learning Mentoring Freedom of movement
Inclusive education
Which of the following is NOT a physical change that occurs during early childhood? Increased vocabulary Increased overall control of the body Increased fine motor coordination Increased balance
Increased vocabulary
What does IEP stand for? Internalized Education Program Individualized Education Plan Individual Education Project Interactive Educational Process
Individualized Education Plan
During which of Erikson's stages do children begin to identify their strengths and take pleasure in their accomplishments? Intimacy vs. isolation Industry vs. inferiority Basic trust vs. basic mistrust Identity vs. role confusion
Industry vs. inferiority
Students' prior knowledge is: Information they already know and come to class with Subconscious memory The history of the subject they're being taught Information they're taught in the classroom
Information they already know and come to class with
Ahmed is a student from Lebanon. His knowledge of the English language is limited. This limited knowledge probably means that his reading level is: Advanced High Intermediate Beginning Advanced
Intermediate
According to Vygotsky, what is the process of constructing an internal representation of external physical objects or actions? Accommodation Naive psychology Scaffolding Internalization
Internalization
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for teachers to help foster relationships with parents and families of ELL students? Invite parents and families to parent-teacher conferences that are conducted entirely in English. Have interpreters on hand during extracurricular school events. Translate correspondence sent home to parents and families into their native language. Encourage students to interview parents for homework assignments and to share this information during class.
Invite parents and families to parent-teacher conferences that are conducted entirely in English.
When creating classroom rules, teachers should: Have the same rules in every class they teach Never create rules because they stifle students' creativity and productivity Involve students in the creation of rules but not in determining the consequences of breaking them Involve students in the creation of rules and consequences
Involve students in the creation of rules and consequences
Brian doesn't like being told what to do. He feels bossed around by his parents and doesn't want to listen to his teachers. Brian has a(n): Issue with authority Independence mindset Anger issue Issue with adults Rebellious issue
Issue with authority
Why do progressivists emphasize the scientific method? They believe that the better a student is at using the scientific method, the better he/she will be as a citizen It allows students to study aspects of the world in a way that interests them They believe that science is the most important branch of knowledge They believe that the scientific method is the best way to introduce students to mathematics
It allows students to study aspects of the world in a way that interests them
All of the following statements are true about adolescent sexual development, EXCEPT: It can affect the behavior of an adolescent. It occurs during puberty. It includes physical, emotional, and social changes. It begins at the same age for everybody.
It begins at the same age for everybody.
How does play benefit children? It can help speed up their physical growth. It can improve their immune system. It can help increase their social and thinking skills. It does not affect their mental capacity.
It can help increase their social and thinking skills.
Why is parental substance abuse a major issue? It disrupts the bonding between parent and child. It encourages children to imitate their parents. It is the biggest cause of divorces. It leads to poverty and crime.
It disrupts the bonding between parent and child.
How does egocentrism evolve through the stages of development? It does not show up until later in teenagers' lives, after the concrete operational stage. It first appears in the preoperational stage, subsides in the concrete operational stage, and re-appears in the formal operational stage. It is formed early in the pre-operational stage and stays the same level throughout a person's life. It is formed in the concrete operational stage and then disappears.
It first appears in the preoperational stage, subsides in the concrete operational stage, and re-appears in the formal operational stage.
Why should teachers use questioning techniques? It helps them provide the best instruction by gauging the students' learning before, during, and after the lesson. It allows the teacher to better plan for constructive feedback on the quality of the students' work. It is a way to measure the teacher's effectiveness and students' learning experience at the end of the lesson. It helps the students become self-directed in their learning when they ask the teacher questions during the lesson.
It helps them provide the best instruction by gauging the students' learning before, during, and after the lesson.
Why is timing important to a learning objective? Timing is not important. Every learning objective should be achieved within an hour. It tells students how long they should study afterwards. It helps to determine if a learning objective can be achieved within a certain time frame.
It helps to determine if a learning objective can be achieved within a certain time frame.
How does the study of human development help us understand developmental abnormalities in children? It is typically concerned with the study of abnormal behavior. It tells us what children with developmental abnormalities should be doing at different stages of their life. It helps us detect visual and/or hearing impairments at an early age. It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life.
It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life.
How would you describe secondary sex characteristic changes? It involves changes to the sex organs. For girls it is the first menstrual cycle. It refers to when a teenager first becomes sexually active. It includes the growth of body hair and changes in body shape, voice, and body odor.
It includes the growth of body hair and changes in body shape, voice, and body odor.
Why is it important for adolescents to have supportive friends? It makes them more popular at school, which is directly related to better grades. It makes them more likely to finish high school and enter college. It influences their self-concept by making them less likely to be shy adults in the future. It influences their identity by giving them a sense of self-esteem and belonging.
It influences their identity by giving them a sense of self-esteem and belonging.
Why is adolescence an important time in life? It is a time when people experience many physical, social, emotional, and intellectual changes. It is the only time in life to have fun and be adventurous. It is when grey and white matter are developed in the brain. It is when people learn how to make friends.
It is a time when people experience many physical, social, emotional, and intellectual changes.
How would you describe the milestone of decentration in the concrete operational stage of development? Decentration does not come until the formal operational stage of development. It is a way of thinking more abstractly and with greater detail. It is a way of considering matters from multiple perspectives, rather than just one. It is a way of considering matters from the most simple and single perspective.
It is a way of considering matters from multiple perspectives, rather than just one.
Why is the development of fine motor coordination in early childhood so important? It is involved in countless activities that adults may take for granted, such as playing sports and drawing. It allows children to examine their world and understand it even more profoundly than before. It enables children to control their head movements. It is imperative to language development.
It is involved in countless activities that adults may take for granted, such as playing sports and drawing.
How does an adolescent's self concept differ from a child's self-concept? It is more descriptive, more complex, and more realistic. It is more simplistic, more complex, and less realistic. It is more descriptive, more complex, and less realistic. It is more simplistic, less complex, and more realistic.
It is more descriptive, more complex, and more realistic.
When would a student require articulation therapy? It is only needed when the student has English as their second language It is needed when the student has difficulty holding a conversation It is not needed until after high school and before college It is needed when the student has difficulty producing one or more sounds
It is needed when the student has difficulty producing one or more sounds
Which of the following phrases best describes intelligence? It is related to interpersonal skills It is associated with hands-on capabilities It is related to thinking and problem-solving skills It is associated with artistic ability
It is related to thinking and problem-solving skills
Why is encoding relevant for communication? It is the method by which a message is sent. It is the process of transforming a thought into a message that can be sent. It is a form of noise that disrupts the receiver from properly understanding the message. It is the process of interpreting a message once it is received.
It is the process of transforming a thought into a message that can be sent.
Why is physical development important for babies and toddlers? It includes visual development, which allows them to learn to read It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment It is necessary for muscular growth and development It is essential for their emotional development
It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment
Why is an increase in balance so important to a child's physical development in early childhood? It allows him to make purposeful use of his fingers in coordination with his senses. It allows him to support his head on his own in a meaningful way. It allows him to do many things that he was unable to do before, such as writing and dressing himself. It makes additional exploration of his environment possible, which leads to learning.
It makes additional exploration of his environment possible, which leads to learning.
How does the normal development of young girls differ from that of young boys? It is less intense with smaller changes taking place. It involves more emotional changes, as opposed to physical changes for boys. It occurs later but more rapidly. It occurs earlier in most cases.
It occurs earlier in most cases.
What is differentiated instruction? It refers to teaching a different topic each day. It refers to focusing learning on those students who are struggling. It refers to assigning homework on different days. It refers to teaching with individual student needs in mind.
It refers to teaching with individual student needs in mind.
Why is early intervention for developmental abnormalities important? It might be possible to have surgery to remove the abnormality if it's detected early. There is no difference for a child if their developmental abnormalities are identified early or late. It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions. It can help students skip a grade in elementary school.
It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions.
How is puberty different from the other changes experienced during adolescence? It's social. It's emotional. It's physical. It's psychological.
It's physical.
Which of the following is an example of a developmental abnormality in children? Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age. Maria has myopia so she needs to wear eyeglasses. Alexis broke his arm while he was playing football. John got an F on a math test because he did not understand the way his teacher explained how to add fractions.
Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age.
Which of the following people identified four different approaches to multicultural education? James A. Banks James B. Clark James A. Howlett Bruce A. Wayne
James A. Banks
Which country has one of the world's highest rates of high school graduation? Madagascar Haiti United States Japan
Japan
The psychologist who said that early childhood is the preoperational stage of development was: Erik Erikson Lev Vygotsky B.F. Skinner Jean Piaget Carl Jung
Jean Piaget
Which of the following educators was a major contributor to progressivism? Salman Khan Betsy Devos Jean Piaget John Dewey
John Dewey
What is one strategy for ensuring physical safety? Keep in close communication with families Give your students language to describe their feelings Keep your classroom neat and tidy Help each student make a friend
Keep your classroom neat and tidy
How is kinesthetic learning different from auditory learning? Kinesthetic learning is learning by hearing while auditory learning is learning by creating. Kinesthetic learning is learning by hearing while auditory learning is learning by seeing. Kinesthetic learning is learning by creating while auditory learning is learning by doing. Kinesthetic learning is learning by doing while auditory learning is learning by hearing.
Kinesthetic learning is learning by doing while auditory learning is learning by hearing.
What is prerequisite knowledge? Knowledge that you have about your students before you start a unit Knowledge that students will have at the end of the grade level you are teaching Knowledge you expect students to develop over the course of a long unit Knowledge you expect students to already have before you start something new
Knowledge you expect students to already have before you start something new
Which of the following statements is a critique of the nativist theory of language development? Language develops at a slower pace than the theory suggests. Language development is triggered by exposure to language. Language development is an innate ability that children are born with. All language follows universal rules of grammar.
Language develops at a slower pace than the theory suggests.
Which of the following statements is NOT a nativist perspective on language development? We are born with an innate ability to learn language. Language development is biological. Language is developed through imitation. No formal learning process is necessary for the development of language.
Language is developed through imitation.
What is the most important thing to do to incorporate multiple intelligences into your teaching? Take a professional development course about multiple intelligences Ask parents what their students like Read Howard Gardner's book Learn about students preferred learning styles through questioning and observation
Learn about students preferred learning styles through questioning and observation
Why is meta-cognition critical to learning? Learning depends on a capacity for solitude. Learning depends on a capacity to pay attention. Learning depends on good reading skills. Learning depends on knowing what you know and how you learn.
Learning depends on knowing what you know and how you learn.
Thorndike's conception of connectionism asserts that: Learning is about responding to stimuli Learning is about forming questions Learning is about responding to connections Learning is about responding to questions
Learning is about responding to stimuli
Which of the following statements is MOST associated with experiential learning? Learning through practice Learning by rote Learning from ideas Learning as a group
Learning through practice
In early childhood, children often eat _____ because of changes in the rate of growth. More than during infancy Fewer salty foods Bigger breakfasts Less food overall
Less food overall
Which of the following statements BEST describes self-directed learning? Letting students grade each other. Letting students choose what they learn. Letting student grade themselves. Letting students choose what their fellow students will learn.
Letting students choose what they learn.
Which of the following is most likely to result in an intrinsic motivation to not repeat the negative behavior? Light punishment Punishment that's neither light nor heavy No punishment Heavy punishment
Light punishment
Jimmy learns best when he is able to read a book about a certain topic. What is his preferred modality of learning? Linguistic Interpersonal Bodily-kinesthetic Musical
Linguistic
What are the two main components to practicing understanding? Either answer is correct Neither answer is correct Name-calling and telling secrets Listening and stating how you feel
Listening and stating how you feel
Research-based best practices for ELL development focus on developing which of the following? Listening and speaking skills only Listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills Computer and technology skills Reading and writing skills only
Listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills
Which answer choice does NOT represent an example of an effective strategy for treating students with ADHD? Modifying the classroom layout to minimize opportunities for distraction for students with ADHD Providing extra academic support, such as an additional study period or increased time to complete assignments Using learning assessments to gain an understanding of the most effective ways for students to learn Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them
Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them
What can a 10 year old do that a 5 year old cannot? Laugh Run Jump Make predictions Cry
Make predictions
Which skills are traditionally associated with intelligence? Bodily-kinesthetic and linguistic Bodily-kinesthetic and interpersonal Mathematical-logical and linguistic Mathematical-logical and interpersonal
Mathematical-logical and linguistic
As a young adult, Cara begins a career, learns new skills in the workplace and forms a healthy relationship. She is showing signs of: Learning Development Growth Maturation
Maturation
ELL proficiency levels: Are universally accepted Are comprehensive in determining language abilities May vary depending on many factors Have fixed definitions
May vary depending on many factors
According to Vygotsky, which of the following is true about the acquisition of meaning and understanding? Meaning is acquired as people interact. Meaning is acquired individually through scaffolding. Meaning is acquired through behavioral reinforcement. Meaning is acquired in a passive, reflective manner.
Meaning is acquired as people interact.
Manipulating the world in your mind to solve a problem is called: Mental operations Reversibility Concrete operational Reciprocity
Mental operations
The ability to do mental problem solving is called: Symbolic thought Egocentrism None are correct Mental operations Early childhood
Mental operations
Which of the following is an example of culturally responsive teaching? Mrs. Sheffield follows her school's curriculum exactly as outlined. Some of the reading materials are outdated, but they're important works of literature that students need to be exposed to in order to pass standardized tests. Mr. Dixon has a wide variety of reading material for his students to choose from during independent reading time, including books by Latin-American and African-American authors, as well as Native American legends and ancient Japanese myths. Ms. Cohen allows all of her students with similar linguistic backgrounds to work together on class projects. That way, the students will feel more comfortable working with those who speak their language. Mr. Silvia always plays classical music by renowned artists like Beethoven and Mozart during classroom center rotations.
Mr. Dixon has a wide variety of reading material for his students to choose from during independent reading time, including books by Latin-American and African-American authors, as well as Native American legends and ancient Japanese myths.
April spends most of her spare time either playing her cello or dancing. Which intelligences does April display? Spatial and bodily-kinesthetic Musical and bodily-kinesthetic Just musical Musical and spatial
Musical and bodily-kinesthetic
_____ refers to traits that are biological or inherited. Hormones Genetics Nurture Nature
Nature
Taking away something that a student wants is called: Negative punishment Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment
Negative punishment
_____ refers to the brain's ability to grow and change and is at highest point during _____. Neuroplasticity; early adulthood Neuroplasticity; early childhood The zone of proximal development; early childhood Puberty; adolescence
Neuroplasticity; early childhood
Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of risky behavior? Not eating enough fruits and vegetables Poor social skills Looking listless and detached Not attentive in class
Not eating enough fruits and vegetables
The main reason teachers should use a variety of strategies for each standard is because: The textbook alone is boring. It will please administrators who come to observe. Not every student has the same learning style. It makes the lessons engaging for the teacher.
Not every student has the same learning style.
_____ refers to the way the environment acts upon a person. Nature Nurture Genetics Plasticity
Nurture
What are some of the solutions the school can offer to eliminate risky behavior Offering guidance and counseling Reporting the students to the principal Providing a safe zone where drugs can be used Detaining the students
Offering guidance and counseling
Saying 'geen ake' for 'green snake' is an example of: Addition Distortion Omission Elimination
Omission
Where can attendance and parent notices be best kept in a classroom? On the teacher's table On a student's table In a mailbox On a bookshelf
On the teacher's table
How do Bruner and Piaget's views differ? Only Bruner believed that development is a continuous process, not a series of stages. Only Bruner believed that cognitive development entails the use of symbols. Only Bruner believed that children have a natural curiosity. Only Bruner believed that children are born ready to learn. Only Bruner believed that children are active learners.
Only Bruner believed that development is a continuous process, not a series of stages.
Every time young Haley says the word 'teddy,' she is given her favorite stuffed bear, which reinforces her understanding and continued use of the word for getting the toy. According to behaviorist theory, this is an example of: Operant conditioning Repetitive-style language learning Conditioned stimulus Information processing
Operant conditioning
Which statement best describes learning goals? Specific skills Overall general targets for learning Activities for below-level learners Portfolio requirements
Overall general targets for learning
The belief that you are special and the normal rules don't apply to you is a: Adolescence None are correct Personal fable Egocentrism Imaginary audience
Personal fable
When grouping students, the teacher should consider all of the following EXCEPT: The objective of the assignment Friend groups Personal interests Ability levels
Personal interests
Which of the following is typical of a child with Asperger's syndrome? Physical clumsiness Difficulty in learning A wide range of interests Trouble speaking and forming complete sentences
Physical clumsiness
Which of the following is true of physical development? Doctors, not teachers, should be thinking about children's physical development. Physical development happens best indoors in early childhood. Physical development is the responsibility of the family, not the school. Physical development is part of the early childhood curriculum.
Physical development is part of the early childhood curriculum.
Intentionally ignoring negative or disruptive behaviors is called? Planned ignoring Classical ignoring Consistent ignoring Positive ignoring
Planned ignoring
Which of the following refers to the way environment or behavior can affect a person's brain? Mind mapping Nature Critical thinking Plasticity
Plasticity
Which of the following is true about play? Play is a waste of children's time, since they are sponges for learning. Play should happen only at the end of the school day when students are tired. Play is how young children do the most learning. Play is fun, but should be minimized in school.
Play is how young children do the most learning.
Many children in kindergarten enjoy playing 'house.' How does the value of play benefit young children, according to Vygotsky? Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills. Play should be discouraged because allowing children to pretend slows cognitive development. Play should be encouraged because it allows the teacher a chance to assess the students. Play should be encouraged because it allows children time to have fun.
Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills.
Giving a student something they do not want is called: Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Negative punishment Positive punishment
Positive punishment
One of the most valuable strategies in which positive behavior is met with praise in the hopes that it will continue is called what? Classical conditioning Positive reinforcement Consistency Planned ignoring
Positive reinforcement
Analyze the statements below and indicate which one BEST distinguishes between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement means giving a student something he does not want while negative reinforcement means taking away something the student does not want. Positive reinforcement means giving a student something he does not want while negative reinforcement means taking away something the student wants. Positive reinforcement means giving a student something he wants while negative reinforcement means taking away something the student wants. Positive reinforcement means giving a student something he wants while negative reinforcement means taking away something the student does not want.
Positive reinforcement means giving a student something he wants while negative reinforcement means taking away something the student does not want.
Once children see that they have the following ability, they learn to resolve conflicts peacefully. Using 'I' statements Avoiding name-calling Being a good listener Power of negotiation
Power of negotiation
How can establishing routines help students with developmental delays? Constant changes give students a sense of stability that provides them with confidence that he or she can follow the same routines as peers Predictability and structure give students a sense of stability that boosts their confidence in being able to follow routines Predictability and structure give students a sense of control that allows them to learn faster Constant changes give students a sense of stability that allows them to learn faster
Predictability and structure give students a sense of stability that boosts their confidence in being able to follow routines
How does preschool differ from daycare? Daycare teachers are generally trained in early childhood education Preschool is another term for daycare; there is no difference Children in preschool have a longer day than children in daycare Preschool focuses mainly on academics rather than play
Preschool focuses mainly on academics rather than play
What is another term for fantasy play? Imaginative play Fairytale play Pretend play There is no other term for fantasy play.
Pretend play
Which of the following action verbs could be used if you want students to evaluate material from the lesson? Compare Name Prioritize Solve
Prioritize
Which is NOT a way to work smarter? Use all available resources Procrastinate whenever possible so there is some work still left to be done on the last day Stay ahead of the curve Learn to focus
Procrastinate whenever possible so there is some work still left to be done on the last day
Which of the following is an example of a fluency disorder? Backing Prolongation Fronting Distortion
Prolongation
What does explicit teaching mean? Providing discrete instruction about new ideas Using visual aides when presenting new ideas Providing concrete instruction about new ideas Using textbooks when presenting new ideas
Providing concrete instruction about new ideas
Which one of the following would NOT be a good strategy for explicitly teaching content vocabulary? Accompanying definitions with visuals Having students complete a graphic organizer Providing students with a list of words to memorize Having a lively class discussion
Providing students with a list of words to memorize
Which of the following is NOT a part of culturally responsive teaching? Use of students' interests and cultures in lessons Connecting home community with school community Acknowledging validity of a variety of cultural heritages Putting no expectations on students
Putting no expectations on students
Symbolic thought can lead to the ability to: Perform mental operations None are correct All are correct Read and write Think about others' feelings
Read and write
All of the following are ways a teacher can get to know their students' interests, EXCEPT: Read studies about the interests of students Use an interest inventory Have conversations with students Invite families to school
Read studies about the interests of students
The idea that two things can be changed to balance each other out is called: Reciprocity Reversibility Concrete operational Mental operations
Reciprocity
If a school counselor feels unable to help a student, he or she will: Try their hardest Refer the student to an outside counselor Get involved with other faculty and create a team approach None are correct Tell the parents they cannot help
Refer the student to an outside counselor
What is interdependence? Having many responsibilities Reliance on a teacher Working individually Reliance on one another
Reliance on one another
What level of Bloom's taxonomy is demonstrated by a student reciting information? Remembering (knowledge) Evaluating Creating (synthesis) Understanding (comprehension)
Remembering (knowledge)
Which of the following is not an example of teacher-student communication? Posters of rules on the wall Feedback on students' work Moral or emotional lessons conveyed verbally by the teacher Report cards sent home about students' progress
Report cards sent home about students' progress
Understanding that things can be reversed is called: Static reasoning Cognitive development Transformative reasoning Reversibility Early childhood
Reversibility
Which of the following is NOT a developmentally appropriate component of a classroom daily schedule for young children? Working out of seats for collaboration Meeting as a whole group for direct instruction Seat work for the majority of the day Working in pairs on a task
Seat work for the majority of the day
Julie wants to use differentiated instruction in her classroom in order to meet the needs of all of her students. Which of the following is not a component of differentiated instruction? Process Separate lesson plans for each student Content Product
Separate lesson plans for each student
Alexis is able to arrange six wooden blocks from smallest to largest. This is an example of: Seriation Transitivity Classification Concrete operational
Seriation
What community-based learning strategy is similar to volunteering, but also incorporates reflection? Service learning Community integration Community-based research Community participation
Service learning
You are a teacher who never seems to finish all your plans in one class period. Usually, the bell rings and students scramble to pack up their things while you shout out the homework over the noise. Which of the following solutions would be best for you to try? Set a timer to indicate a two-minute warning for the end of class. Assign the homework at the beginning of class. Have students raise their hands before they can leave the room. Start each period with a bell ringer.
Set a timer to indicate a two-minute warning for the end of class.
What should expectations in the classroom look like for all students? Expectations should be the same for all students. No expectations should be set by the teacher. The students should set their own learning goals. High expectations with no flexibility. Students should rise to the challenge. Set high expectations but be flexible in the avenues to achieve those goals.
Set high expectations but be flexible in the avenues to achieve those goals.
Laura is enjoying her debate class and the views her other classmates are bringing up. How would you describe the stage of development she has reached? There is not enough information to determine her current level. She is now in the formal operational stage of development. She is now in the concrete operational stage of development. She is now in the psycho-analytic stage of development.
She is now in the formal operational stage of development.
All of the following are examples of activities that children may become better at during middle childhood with the improvement of their motor skills EXCEPT: Snow skiing Singing Ballet Playing video games Playing the piano
Singing
Which of the following is NOT a strategy older adults can use to delay a slowdown in their cognitive development? Completing crossword and Sudoku puzzles Physical exercise Taking classes Sleeping more
Sleeping more
What is NOT a way to prepare the body for maximum efficiency? Sleeping two fewer hours each day than recommended to have two more hours of productive time Proper Diet Meditation Exercise
Sleeping two fewer hours each day than recommended to have two more hours of productive time
Why do adolescents go through puberty? To have a fully developed brain. So that girls can be taller than boys. To become fully socialized. So that they will be able to reproduce.
So that they will be able to reproduce.
How are social development and emotional development different? Social development is about understanding emotions, while emotional development is about learning to interact with others. Social development is about learning how groups are structured, while emotional development is about learning the relationships between emotions. Social development is about learning how groups are structured, while emotional development is about understanding emotions. Social development is about learning to interact with others, while emotional development is about understanding emotions.
Social development is about learning to interact with others, while emotional development is about understanding emotions.
Which educational psychology perspective proposes that learning occurs through observation? Cognitive Behaviorist Constructivist Social-Cognitive
Social-Cognitive
The bell rings for second period and all of the students stand up, look towards the American flag and begin saying the Pledge of Allegiance. This is an example of Psychosocial Development Moral Development Socialization Differentiation Hierarchy of Needs
Socialization
U.S. schools serve two main purposes. Besides education, U.S. schools are meant to provide: Stratification Social inequality Sorting Socialization Capital
Socialization
The benefits of preschool include: Socialization and learning from peers Learning to share and potty training Socialization and learning to share Learning through play
Socialization and learning from peers
Darla is a 15 year old who just started at a new school and is having trouble making friends. There's a good chance Darla is feeling: Excited Issues with authority Glad she left her old school Socially inadequate Proud
Socially inadequate
Soheil tries a new study strategy to prepare for an important test, then gets an A on that test. According to Thorndike's Law of Effect, how is Soheil most likely to react? Soheil will probably believe his teacher is simply rewarding effort, not his mastery of the subject. Soheil will probably attribute his good grade to external factors, such as luck. Soheil will be less likely to use that study strategy the next time he prepares for a test. Soheil will probably use that study strategy the next time he prepares for a test.
Soheil will probably use that study strategy the next time he prepares for a test.
Based on the overjustification effect, which of the following is most likely to experience decreased intrinsic motivation? Someone not given a reward for playing a game Someone given a reward for winning a game Someone who has no interest in playing a game Someone given a reward for playing a game
Someone given a reward for playing a game
Schools categorize students in order to place students into the groups and programs that will maximize their value to society. This is why schools are sometimes called: Capitalistic Social inequities Socialist Sorting machines Stratification societies
Sorting machines
When students decode, they are: Comprehending what they are reading Translating text from Spanish to English Able to crack codes in order to solve riddles Sounding out unfamiliar words that they come across in their reading
Sounding out unfamiliar words that they come across in their reading
What does the letter 'S' represent in SMART goals? Sensible Scientific Simple Specific
Specific
When prioritizing your day: Spend eighty percent of your day on what produces the least results Spend at least half your day on what produces the least of your results Spend at least half your day on what produces most of your results Spend twenty percent of your day on what produces most of your results
Spend at least half your day on what produces most of your results
Which of the following statements about standardized testing is NOT true? Standardized tests are considered the most accurate and equitable measure of student performance The use of standardized tests is considered controversial Privileged students often outperform students from disadvantaged backgrounds Most schools in the United States use standardized tests to track student performance
Standardized tests are considered the most accurate and equitable measure of student performance
When planning a curriculum, what should a teacher consider first? Instructional units Standards Individual lessons Supplies available
Standards
When planning a curriculum, what should a teacher consider first? Standards Supplies available Individual lessons Instructional units
Standards
Believing that the world is always the same is called: Early childhood Cognitive development Static reasoning Transformative reasoning Reversibility
Static reasoning
This refers to a system by which schools categorize students. It's the same system by which societies categorize members. Human capital Sorting Stratification Social inequality Socialization
Stratification
Which two things should teachers keep in mind when planning instruction to maximize student learning? Questions and assessments Materials and content Student interest and prior knowledge Social groups and seating
Student interest and prior knowledge
Mr. Barry has different centers around the room in which students perform different tasks related to math. One part of Mr. Barry's daily classroom schedule includes breaking his students up into collaborative groups, and then sending these groups to each center for 15 minutes at a time. This part of Mr. Barry's daily routine ensures which of the following? Student engagement Student collaboration Student success Student movement
Student movement
How might using a vocabulary box help benefit an ELL student? Student taps into background knowledge and finds a real-world application. It is easy for a student to complete. Terms are important for understanding math concepts. It lowers anxiety levels.
Student taps into background knowledge and finds a real-world application.
Carol, a teacher in Texas, has a beginning English language learner in her class this year. All of these expectations are appropriate in regards to the student except: Student needs to learn to speak English. Student needs to learn to read and write in English. Student will reach an advanced-high level if s/he works hard. Student needs to learn to understand English.
Student will reach an advanced-high level if s/he works hard.
There are three instruction strategies teachers apply when they use an interdisciplinary method of cross-curricular teaching. Which answer identifies those three strategies? Student-centered, student-engaged, and student-shared Integrate tools, assess new knowledge, and teacher creativity Student-centered, student-shared, and student-designed Prior learning, prior knowledge, and scaffolding
Student-centered, student-engaged, and student-shared
Why is it important to use different strategies when teaching ELL math? Different strategies keeps the class interesting. An educator does not know if something works, so different strategies might help student learning. Tests have different types of questions and students must be prepared. Students are at various levels and the teacher must meet all students' needs.
Students are at various levels and the teacher must meet all students' needs.
After observing her lesson, Ms. Jones' principal encouraged her to use some within-class ability grouping. What might the principal expect to witness in future observations? Students are placed into large groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level. Students are placed into small groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level. Teachers are placed into large groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level. Students are placed into small groups within multiple classrooms based upon their performance level.
Students are placed into small groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level.
Administrators at Woodrow Wilson Middle School use tracking with their students. Based on this, what would you expect to find when touring their school? Students following specific lanes within the hallways to allow for smooth transitions between subjects. Students carrying individual sheets to track their daily academic and behavior goals. Students are segregated into different classrooms based upon their academic ability. Students with assignment rubrics on their desks so they can track each lesson's goals.
Students are segregated into different classrooms based upon their academic ability.
Ms. Chang's class is starting a six-week unit on plant growth. Which of the following activities would she MOST LIKELY use to incorporate experiential learning? Ms. Chang conducts a series of lectures on the topic of plant growth Students each plant seeds in pots then track the growth progress over the course of six weeks Ms. Chang invites a local farmer to her class to present on the topic of growing plants Students read articles about plant growth and write an essay about what they read
Students each plant seeds in pots then track the growth progress over the course of six weeks
Why is it important to include culturally relevant texts in the ELL classroom? Students enjoy reading about characters and settings they can relate to. These texts are typically available in bilingual versions so students can read them in alternate languages. These texts are generally easier to read than other types of texts. ELL students will not be able to comprehend books written outside of their native culture.
Students enjoy reading about characters and settings they can relate to.
What is NOT considered community-based learning? Students visiting a farmer's market and learning how to grow a school vegetable garden Students handing out sales brochures at a mall for school fundraising Students working with a health department to promote free glucose screening at a local pharmacy Students bringing their bikes to school and police inspecting them and providing a safety talk
Students handing out sales brochures at a mall for school fundraising
Which of the following is least important when arranging the physical space in a classroom? Partner work space Clear pathways Students having small working tables Comfortable seating
Students having small working tables
Why is a safe classroom environment important? It will stop your principal from observing too much. Student test scores will improve if they feel safer. Students learn math facts more quickly when they feel safe. Students learn better when they feel safe.
Students learn better when they feel safe.
How might cultural differences influence student-teacher communication? Students might bring expectations for communication based on their home culture. Cultural differences do not influence student-teacher communication. Students from different cultures cannot communicate well with teachers. Teachers should learn everything about a student's culture before attempting any communication.
Students might bring expectations for communication based on their home culture.
Dell made a list of the advantages of tracking. Edit his list by indicating which one he wrote in error. Teachers are able to provide instruction at a pace that is applicable for each particular class. Students of advanced ability are held back from learning. Students of advanced ability can learn as much and as quickly as possible. Students can boost their self-confidence.
Students of advanced ability are held back from learning.
Which of the following is NOT an objective of citizen education? Students should be able to recite the Preamble to the Constitution from memory Students should learn how to be good citizens of the country Students should be able to understand current issues and vote in an educated way Students should be able to apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills
Students should be able to recite the Preamble to the Constitution from memory
Scaffolding instruction can help you better identify which students? Students that do not require any help Students with learning disabilities Students that are having trouble and need extra support Students that need hearing support
Students that are having trouble and need extra support
Which of the following is a good example of an instructional objective for TEKS? Students will be able to do science Students will learn how to read Students will know the short 'e' sound Students will know the history of Texas
Students will know the short 'e' sound
Sal is retired and in his late seventies. ALL of these are psychological disorders which commonly strike people like Sal. Substance abuse disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia Substance abuse disorder, dementia, and delirium Delirium, bipolar disorder, and dementia Dementia, substance abuse disorder, and bipolar disorder
Substance abuse disorder, dementia, and delirium
The use of a K-W-L (know, want to know, learned) chart: Has no true value in the learning process. Supports the activation of prior knowledge. Limits students' abilities to come up with their own independent thoughts and ideas. Forces students to have to read and engage in the classroom.
Supports the activation of prior knowledge.
Which of the following is necessary to do before you can start selecting educational materials? Collaborate with colleagues across disciplines Survey students' current skill levels Call parents to find out their student's home language Make a unit plan for the term
Survey students' current skill levels
In classroom education, which is an example of a real responsibility? Completing a worksheet Reading a book Sweeping the floor Raising one's hand to answer a question
Sweeping the floor
Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of developmental delays is NOT correct? Symptoms of motor delays include if a child is not able to walk, sit, stand, or crawl by the end of the normal expected age range. Symptoms of cognitive delay include a child whose spoken language is hard to understand at age 4. Symptoms of social and emotion delay include displaying play skills that are not appropriate for the child's age and trouble regulating emotions. Symptoms of speech and language delays include at age 1, a child who does not use gestures such as waving or pointing and if a child is having trouble imitating sounds at 18 months of age
Symptoms of cognitive delay include a child whose spoken language is hard to understand at age 4.
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Having a developmental delay is not the same thing as having a developmental disability, though it is possible for a developmental delay to develop into a developmental disability if left untreated. Symptoms of developmental delay are the same no matter the type of developmental delay. It is possible for a child to have a developmental delay in all or most of these areas. When this occurs, it is referred to as global developmental delay. Child abuse or neglect can lead to developmental delay.
Symptoms of developmental delay are the same no matter the type of developmental delay.
Mr. Jones wants to incorporate an authentic activity to teach his students how to recognize maple trees. Which of the following is his best option? Show the students a video on the growth of maple trees Show the students pictures of a maple tree leaf and have students draw one Give each student a bag of seeds and give a presentation about how maple trees grow Take the students outside to show them a maple tree and point out the differences between the maple and other trees
Take the students outside to show them a maple tree and point out the differences between the maple and other trees
How does decentration differ from centration? Taking into consideration multiple aspects of a situation only happens in decentration. Only centration is the product of cognitive development. Decentration happens earlier in boys than in girls. Centration requires the consideration of more information than decentration.
Taking into consideration multiple aspects of a situation only happens in decentration.
All of these are possible ways to scaffold a unit about the Revolutionary War EXCEPT for _____. Teach mini-lessons about important figures of the time Provide students with extra sources of information about the War (websites, videos, etc.) Teach one class period lesson that covers all aspects of the War in a lecture format Teach important vocabulary terms relevant to the unit
Teach one class period lesson that covers all aspects of the War in a lecture format
Guided practice is when: Teachers give students packets with reading passages and related questions. Teachers practice reading a story as the students follow along. Teachers give students the answers to their reading assessment tests. Teachers listen to students read and tell them what they are doing wrong.
Teachers practice reading a story as the students follow along.
What is TRUE about scheduling breaks for students in an academic setting? Teachers should give students breaks when they work hard. Teachers should schedule breaks and always use them. Only students who have completed work get breaks. Teachers should skip breaks if they need more instructional time.
Teachers should schedule breaks and always use them.
Why has the concept of thematic units shifted? Parents demand teachers use themes they're familiar with. Teachers have run out of ideas for themes. Teachers want students to be more metacognitive. All of these answers are correct.
Teachers want students to be more metacognitive.
It's important for teachers to identify the key terms or critical content from the state standards they teach because: Teachers will have a better understanding of the scope of the content they're responsible for It's a requirement for a teacher to maintain licensure. They need their students to perform well on state assessments. Administrators expect teachers to do this automatically.
Teachers will have a better understanding of the scope of the content they're responsible for
The multidisciplinary approach to teaching has _____ and _____ as ways to include other teachers while planning and implementing it. Single subjects and fused subjects Advantages and disadvantages Team teaching and subject collaboration Projects and student collaboration
Team teaching and subject collaboration
Which of the following is NOT one of the intelligences identified by Gardner? Linguistic Musical Technological Spatial
Technological
If a school district provides teachers with textbooks and curriculum, why should teachers still develop annual and unit plans? If a teacher is given a curriculum and textbooks, it is not necessary to develop annual and unit plans. Textbooks provide plans, so teachers do not have to read through prior to instruction. Textbooks may not address all required standards, and teachers might have to supplement the curriculum. All school districts require teachers to write and submit annual and unit plans.
Textbooks may not address all required standards, and teachers might have to supplement the curriculum.
If a school district provides teachers with textbooks and curriculum, why should teachers still develop annual and unit plans? Textbooks provide plans, so teachers do not have to read through prior to instruction. Textbooks may not address all required standards, and teachers might have to supplement the curriculum. If a teacher is given a curriculum and textbooks, it is not necessary to develop annual and unit plans. All school districts require teachers to write and submit annual and unit plans.
Textbooks may not address all required standards, and teachers might have to supplement the curriculum.
Richard Daniels has three older siblings who did well in school. At school, every time he meets a new teacher, he usually receives a big smile and is told something similar to, 'I know you'll do well. All of the Daniels kids are smart.' His teachers often call on him in class and value his input. Richard works hard to live up to this expectation. As a result, he performs well academically. This is an example of _____. Great Expectations The Pygmalion effect Stereotyping Tracking
The Pygmalion effect
The observation that high expectations lead to greater achievement is called what? The Pygmalion effect The Hercules effect The expectation effect The classic effect
The Pygmalion effect
What is the one skill that modern corporations are looking for in the people they hire? None of these answers is correct A good grade point average The ability to get along with others Good computer skills
The ability to get along with others
A flat rectangle of snow covering a driveway is shoveled into a big, tall pile. If a child has a sense of conservation, then what conclusion will they draw about the snow? The amount of snow covering the driveway and in the pile are the same. There was more snow on the driveway. The snow on the driveway and in the pile are completely different. There's more snow in the pile.
The amount of snow covering the driveway and in the pile are the same.
In a classroom setting, which best defines 'time on task'? The amount of time needed to complete a test The amount of time students spend working on an assignment The length of a class period The length of a school day
The amount of time students spend working on an assignment
All of the following statements correctly describe the conversation level EXCEPT: The student should be able to articulate words into sentences This is the seventh, final level of articulation therapy The conversation must be error free This stage is long due to daily changes in the conversations
The conversation must be error free
What are multiple intelligences in education? The different subjects students learn throughout the day None of the answers are correct The different modes of learning, or learning styles, that students learn best through How teachers prefer to present information to students
The different modes of learning, or learning styles, that students learn best through
Which of the following factors support the nativist theory of language development? The process of gradual language development. The wide variety in languages spoken around the world. The idea of universal grammar The speed at which children learn a language.
The idea of universal grammar
What is egocentrism? The ability to see things from others' point of view. The ability to work on more than one project at a time. The inability to see things from others' point of view. The last stage of adolescent development.
The inability to see things from others' point of view.
Linda did not put in enough time to memorize her character's script for the school play rehearsal. As a result, her teacher gave the part to another student. Linda learns not to repeat the action if she wants to have a major role in future plays. Which of the following explains this outcome? The law of effect The law of readiness The law of effort The law of exercise
The law of effect
Brandon discovers that the more he practices welding pipes in shop class, the better skilled he becomes at it. Which law explains this outcome? The law of readiness The law of effort The law of effect The law of exercise
The law of exercise
Which statement is TRUE of the seven levels of articulation therapy? The levels never need to be followed in order Not all of the levels need to be followed The levels sometimes need to be followed in order The levels must be followed in order
The levels must be followed in order
Which of the following is the BEST explanation of a communication channel? The process of encoding. The verbal communication process. The medium by which a message is transmitted. A station that broadcasts different ideas and views.
The medium by which a message is transmitted.
Grace believes that a person is born with a certain degree of intelligence and that the environment has little to do with it. Which theme in psychology does her belief represent? The nature vs. environment debate The nature vs. nurture debate The interaction of nature and nurture The interaction of body and environment
The nature vs. nurture debate
What factor distinguishes developmental disabilities from other types of disabilities? Developmental disabilities only affect cognitive skills. Developmental disabilities only affect physical skills. The onset interferes with the achievement of developmental milestones. The onset occurs just after a child has achieved all key developmental milestones.
The onset interferes with the achievement of developmental milestones.
Unless the state of residence mandates early childhood education, who can best assess a child's readiness for preschool? The preschool staff The parent(s) or legal guardian(s) A licensed child psychologist A pediatrician
The parent(s) or legal guardian(s)
How does the prefrontal lobe affect a child's development? The prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain responsible for language skills, so these capacities improve. The prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain responsible for physical growth, so the child experiences a growth spurt. The prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain responsible for planning and problem solving, so these capacities improve. The prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres, so communication within the brain improves.
The prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain responsible for planning and problem solving, so these capacities improve.
Differentiated instruction is: Activity based learning practices Ensuring all students are assessed in the same way The process of differentiating instruction The process of giving students multiple ways of accessing content
The process of giving students multiple ways of accessing content
What is the classroom environment? How you organize your materials and students The room where the desks and supplies are kept The relationships and interactions between everyone involved in education The temperature at which classrooms are kept
The relationships and interactions between everyone involved in education
Which of the following statements about discovery instruction is FALSE? The role of the teacher is that of facilitator, supporter, and resource person The teacher monitors the students and joins in the learning activity It encourages a high level of student collaboration It helps students develop inductive reasoning
The teacher monitors the students and joins in the learning activity
What is reversibility? The understanding that people can change their behavior easily. The understanding that objects are constantly changed. The understanding that situations can become the opposite of what they were before. The understanding that objects can go back to their original state.
The understanding that objects can go back to their original state.
Differentiating instruction means: Having a different curriculum just for ELL students. Using different teachers to teach lessons in the classroom. Making it mandatory for teachers to be able to deliver instruction in multiple languages. The use of various instructional strategies in order to support all students.
The use of various instructional strategies in order to support all students.
While at preschool, a child might become potty trained by watching his/her peers go to the bathroom. What is this an example of? Neuroplasticity Visual learning The zone of proximal development Learning by doing
The zone of proximal development
Which of the following is the BEST definition of realism? There are true, real facts, and these are the ones we should pay attention to. Reality is a combination of human perception and an objective world. Reality is a function of human perception. There is a true reality that exists whether or not people perceive it.
There is a true reality that exists whether or not people perceive it.
What must a teacher consider if a student has a very different approach to a particular life skill? There is often no one right way to approach life skills. The teacher and student are both wrong. The teacher is probably wrong. The student is probably wrong.
There is often no one right way to approach life skills.
Why do teens tend to argue more with their parents during adolescence? They lack the empathy required to keep their temper under control. These arguments are a result of their ability to think critically as they gain argumentative skills. Their vocabulary increases, allowing them to form more complex arguments. The increased hormones create an argumentative tone in their voice.
These arguments are a result of their ability to think critically as they gain argumentative skills.
Which of the following statements describes children's language development in Asian cultures? They are more likely to slowly learn language compared to children in English-language environments They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners They are more likely to be receptive-style language learners They are more likely to learn language quicker than children in English-language environments
They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners
How is a gifted child considered different from a normal child? They have average abilities and are capable of average performance. They have average abilities and are capable of high performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of average performance
They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance.
Why are the classics important? The process of school children memorizing them is a rite of passage. Older books are more challenging than newer books. They have the potential to solve problems in any era. Reading them prompts scholarly discussions among students.
They have the potential to solve problems in any era.
Which of the following is TRUE about the importance of a teen's peer group during adolescence? They help to bring the teen into conflict with his/her parents. They help the teen become independent of his/her parents. They help the teen become more dependent on his/her parents. They help to diminish conflict between the teen and his/her parents.
They help the teen become independent of his/her parents.
Alex and Betty are the exact same age, but Alex has a learning disability. Should we expect their respective levels of cognitive development to be the same or different? Why? They may be different, because Betty is a girl. They will be the same, because they're the same age. They may be different, because Alex is a boy. They may be different, because Alex has a disability.
They may be different, because Alex has a disability.
Which of the following is TRUE for children who show signs of schizophrenia? They never go on to develop full blown schizophrenia as adults. They are usually diagnosed with multiple personality disorder. They may not be diagnosed with early onset schizophrenia even if they show signs. They always have one parent with schizophrenia.
They may not be diagnosed with early onset schizophrenia even if they show signs.
What is the most important aspect of using interdisciplinary activities? They must be fun and creative. They must be thought out and planned thoroughly. They must relate to the learning objective. They must require writing of some kind. They must use concepts from more than one core subject area.
They must relate to the learning objective.
What will be the eventual result of consistent considerate communication with students? They will learn more. Your principal will think you're a better teacher. They will like you better. They will reflect that consideration back to you and other students.
They will reflect that consideration back to you and other students.
How does transitivity work? Things are ordered by comparing them to a measuring device. Things are ordered by comparing them to a benchmark item. Things are ordered from largest to smallest. Things are ordered from smallest to largest.
Things are ordered by comparing them to a benchmark item.
What does it mean to analyze teacher-student communication? Think deeply about how teachers and students are connecting with each other. Reward students who are strong communicators. Look for problems in teacher-student relationships. Look for students who do not listen to teachers.
Think deeply about how teachers and students are connecting with each other.
At the end of this unit, students will be able to compare and contrast the political positions of the North and South during the Civil War. This learning objective is missing an action verb. This is a clearly written learning objective. This learning objective has too many verbs. This learning objective is too general.
This is a clearly written learning objective.
At the end of this unit, students will be able to compare and contrast the political positions of the North and South during the Civil War. This learning objective is too general. This is a clearly written learning objective. This learning objective has too many verbs. This learning objective is missing an action verb.
This is a clearly written learning objective.
By the end of this lesson, students will learn about molecules. This is a correctly written learning objective. This learning objective does not have an action verb. This learning objective is too specific. This learning objective does not have enough verbs.
This learning objective does not have an action verb.
By the end of this lesson, students will learn about molecules. This learning objective does not have enough verbs. This learning objective does not have an action verb. This learning objective is too specific. This is a correctly written learning objective.
This learning objective does not have an action verb.
Why should the school be concerned if a student is pulled over for drunk driving? The student can be at risk for smoking and drugs The school is at risk for promoting drunk driving The parents are impacted by the accidents that can happen This will impact the student's life and academic performance
This will impact the student's life and academic performance
Jeffersonianism is the philosophy of education based on the principles of _____. Thomas Jefferson George Jefferson Henry Jefferson Jefferson Davis
Thomas Jefferson
Which of the following accurately describes a difference between Asperger syndrome and autism? Those with Asperger syndrome are physically graceful. Those with Asperger syndrome have a harder time learning. Those with Asperger's have normal or above average intelligence and language skills. Those with autism have more trouble with social interaction.
Those with Asperger's have normal or above average intelligence and language skills.
How did Renzulli theorize that giftedness arises? Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task indifference, and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: below average abilities, task commitment and creativity.
Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity.
Who among the following teachers has the quality of being effective? Tim, who always organizes the classroom materials. Paul, who grades his students fairly. Micheal, who works long hours. Sarah, who spends personal money on supplies.
Tim, who always organizes the classroom materials.
Why might an adolescent begin bullying or hurting himself or herself? They are watching too much reality television. They're in the pre-operational stage of development. To deal with the stress brought on by changes in their life. They choose this over much more dangerous behaviors because they are afraid of how their parents might react.
To deal with the stress brought on by changes in their life.
Why might an adolescent begin bullying or hurting himself or herself? They choose this over much more dangerous behaviors because they are afraid of how their parents might react. To deal with the stress brought on by changes in their life. They are watching too much reality television. They're in the pre-operational stage of development.
To deal with the stress brought on by changes in their life.
Rachel is working with her students to teach them long division. She walks through the principles on the SMART Board and directs the students to try the math problem using their iPads. Rachel monitors the class and gives assistance while adjusting the instruction as needed. Why does Rachel use this instructional strategy in her classroom? To manage instructional activities in an orderly manner to ensure students are learning. To factor each student's level and learning style to ensure optimum learning. To note which students will require additional homework to support their learning. To ensure the students know how to use technology for learning.
To factor each student's level and learning style to ensure optimum learning.
Which of the following describes a reason why teachers should plan cross-curricular units or lessons? All lessons should be subject specific, not cross-curricular To help students synthesize their learning To make less work for themselves To make lessons look more complete for administrative review
To help students synthesize their learning
Which of the following describes a reason why teachers should plan cross-curricular units or lessons? To make less work for themselves To help students synthesize their learning To make lessons look more complete for administrative review All lessons should be subject specific, not cross-curricular
To help students synthesize their learning
Why was the first intelligence test designed? To identify students that needed extra help. To identify which students needed medication. To label students as smart or not smart. To group students into separate tracks in school.
To identify students that needed extra help.
Why is it important to teach life skills? To show the students how to properly eat fast food No answer choices are correct. To keep up with the standards of learning To keep students healthy, happy and safe
To keep students healthy, happy and safe
Which of the following is NOT an action verb? To compare To solve To know To recall
To know
Which of the following is NOT an action verb? To solve To recall To compare To know
To know
Why should you use sentence starters with ELLs? To give examples of sentences before ELLs make up their own To have the ELLs finish the sentence you start (gives them context) To make them feel comfortable and encourage questioning None of the answers are correct; sentence starters are for fluent English speakers.
To make them feel comfortable and encourage questioning
Between-class ability grouping is also known as: Tracking Surveillance Monitoring Observations
Tracking
All of the following are examples of the advantages of tracking in schools, EXCEPT: There have been studies showing that students perform better when they are in classes in which students all have similar ability levels Tracking results in more homogenous classes, which makes it easier for teachers to plan lessons according to their students' level Tracking has been proven to be the best academic structure for reducing social inequality Tracking creates more homogenous classes. This means that students' work is only compared to those of a similar ability level which can reduce instances of students with low self-esteem
Tracking has been proven to be the best academic structure for reducing social inequality
Which of the following is NOT a type of development humans experience? Cognitive Traditional Socioemotional Physical
Traditional
Which of the following is NOT a type of human development? Traditional Emotional Physical Cognitive
Traditional
Which perspective proposes that personality characteristics, such as risk-taking, affect motivation? Trait perspective. Social cognitive perspective. Behaviorist perspective. Cognitive perspective.
Trait perspective.
When students take a skill from science class and apply that same skill to their technology class, they: Focus attention Transition learning Transfer knowledge Do projects
Transfer knowledge
Which of the following approaches to integrating multicultural education seeks to change the attitudes about cultural differences by using a different curriculum, one that encourages students to view problems and concepts from the perspective of different cultures? Social Action Additive Contributions Transformation
Transformation
Understanding that the world changes is called: Transformative reasoning Cognitive development Static reasoning Early childhood Reversibility
Transformative reasoning
What level of Bloom's Taxonomy is demonstrated by a student explaining the main idea of a short story? Understanding (comprehension) Remembering (knowledge) Applying Analyzing
Understanding (comprehension)
Which of the following might be prerequisite knowledge for learning to comprehend a fable? Understanding what a moral is Knowing all of the vocabulary used in fables Knowing that Aesop wrote fables Already having read multiple fables
Understanding what a moral is
How can teachers determine a student's prior knowledge? Ask their parents Use a pre-assessment Wait until they struggle Guess based on prior experiences
Use a pre-assessment
Which of the following statements is an example of a learning objective? Know how to build a computer Learn about the Byzantine Era Be able to solve equations Use knowledge of onset-rimes to decode three-letter words
Use knowledge of onset-rimes to decode three-letter words
Scaffolding instruction is used in much the same way as what process? Using supports to build a building Putting together a puzzle Painting a house Following a recipe to make a dish
Using supports to build a building
How can prior knowledge help both the student and the teacher succeed in the learning process? Prior knowledge is needed so a teacher can build new foundations. It can't; it's all about the current class in the current moment. Using what a student knows can help the teacher find materials to engage the student and assess skill. A teacher needs to know a student's prior knowledge to teach new content.
Using what a student knows can help the teacher find materials to engage the student and assess skill.
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for teachers to create a welcoming classroom environment? Greet students in their native language. Utilize English-only classroom discussions. Compare and contrast multicultural holiday traditions. Learn more about students' cultures.
Utilize English-only classroom discussions.
_____ is a part of language acquisition and is learned very quickly in children. None are correct Vocabulary Extended mapping All are correct Fast mapping
Vocabulary
What should you do after asking a question to a student? Answer it quickly, before they get embarrassed. Wait a while so that they can think. Pose the same question to another student. Ask the same student another question.
Wait a while so that they can think.
Tim would like to assess the extent to which his younger students have a sense of their body in space. Which of the following activities can Tim use to assess the awareness of the body in space? Identify the smell of different scents Opening a jar Pick up beads from the floor Walk around objects in the classroom
Walk around objects in the classroom
Which of the following activities would help a child develop a sense of balance? Building 3-D models Decorating Easter eggs Walking with 5 paper plates on the head Threading beads
Walking with 5 paper plates on the head
Which of the following is the BEST example of a specific learning objective? We will learn about penguins. We will examine the seventeen species of penguins and discuss their similarities and differences. We will look at the seventeen different types of penguins. We will discuss the different types of penguins.
We will examine the seventeen species of penguins and discuss their similarities and differences.
What is prior knowledge? Ways students make sense of information Methods used to answer questions What is already known about a topic A cooperative learning technique
What is already known about a topic
Which of the following questions should be the first thing to consider when planning instruction? What is the easiest way to teach this topic? What strategy should I use to get the students' attention? What is the educational objective for this unit? How can I be sure the students are learning?
What is the educational objective for this unit?
A teacher think aloud is an effective strategy to use under which one of the following circumstances? When ELL students need to use a bilingual dictionary When ELL students are learning about a new concept When ELL students can apply a concept independently When ELL students do not need instructional modifications
When ELL students are learning about a new concept
What is developmental delay? When a child achieves a developmental milestone earlier than expected. When a child achieves two or more developmental milestones at the same time. None of the options are correct. When a child does not achieve developmental milestones within the normal age range.
When a child does not achieve developmental milestones within the normal age range.
Connectionists emphasize the importance of readiness to learn because: When a person is ready to learn, they are more likely to get the right answer When a person is ready to learn, they form stronger S-R bonds When a person is ready to learn, they are more likely to do their homework When a person is ready to learn, they are more likely to contribute to class discussions
When a person is ready to learn, they form stronger S-R bonds
When are graphic organizers useful in teaching ELLs? When filled out before a unit When used in math content areas Only when combined with realia (real-world object) When filled out after a unit
When filled out before a unit
How are white matter and grey matter different? Boys have white matter, while girls have grey matter. Boys have grey matter, while girls have white matter. White matter is the information processing part of the brain, while grey matter is the communication part of the brain. White matter is the communication part of the brain, while grey matter is the information processing part of the brain.
White matter is the communication part of the brain, while grey matter is the information processing part of the brain.
Kim is doing well in class; in fact, her grades are quite good. However lately her classmates are complaining she seems to be losing her temper for no particular reason. Should the teacher be concerned? Yes, because Kim's behavior could be a symptom of some kind of risky behavior No, because Kim has not caused any physical harm No, because her grades are good Yes, because her classmates may be jealous
Yes, because Kim's behavior could be a symptom of some kind of risky behavior
Do all students have the ability to learn? No, there are some students that will never learn from conventional methods. Yes, every student can learn from conventional teaching methods. It's all about effort. Yes, but the classwork, instruction, and assessments may look different for each student. No, some brains are not meant to learn.
Yes, but the classwork, instruction, and assessments may look different for each student.
Which of the following describes the optimal level of difficulty for reading tasks? Reading below the student's grade level Reading at grade level Zone of proximal development Zone of reading levels
Zone of proximal development
A general definition for giftedness is _____. a child who is gifted is sometimes born with that ability a child who is gifted was not born with that ability a child who is gifted is never born with that ability a child who is gifted was born with that ability
a child who is gifted was born with that ability
Individuals commonly find mates while attending a college or university. This is an example of _____. hidden curriculum in the school a manifest function of school a latent function of school a social function of school
a latent function of school
When Thorndike started his experiments, he believed that if _____ behavior got rewarded, the subjects of study were more likely to repeat that behavior. deductive creative inductive accidental
accidental
Paraphrasing, summarizing, and questioning/clarifying are all examples of _____. passive listening techniques active listening techniques inactive listening techniques selective listening techniques
active listening techniques
You walk away from a conversation feeling both heard and understood. This shows that the other person was _____. selectively listening to you not listening to you actively listening to you passively listening to you
actively listening to you
The time between childhood and adulthood is referred to as _____. pre-adulthood cognitive independence adolescence
adolescence
Developmental milestones are events that assess whether a child is _____ in their development. affected by environmental factors advanced, normal, or delayed neglected less able to understand hands-on activities
advanced, normal, or delayed
Which of the following is an example of culturally responsive pedagogy? maintaining a diverse classroom library discussing cultural bias openly inviting families in to discuss cultural traditions all answers are correct
all answers are correct
Which is an example of nonverbal communication? winking waving all of the answers are correct smiling
all of the answers are correct
You are teaching the novel A Tale of Two Cities in your language arts class. Which of these activities can bring in interdisciplinary concepts to your lessons? create artwork depicting the events of the French Revolution research paper on the French Revolution build a model of the guillotine all of the answers provide interdisciplinary activities write and act out a play depicting the rulers of Europe during the French Revolution
all of the answers provide interdisciplinary activities
What is an important aspect of the learning environment? allowing all students ways to make sense of new ideas promoting problem solving all of these engaging students in decision-making
all of these
Which is a characteristic of a learner-centered classroom? teachers and students set short- term goals all of these are correct teachers get to know students well flexible groupings are used
all of these are correct
Miss Rogers' business students will be participating in mock interviews next week. This assignment is an example of _____. a physical aspect of the learning environment an unauthentic activity an authentic activity a classroom ritual
an authentic activity
The Greek prefix dys refers to _____. a disconnection of the opposite of an impartial of an impairment of
an impairment of
Lessons that entail practical learning focus on _____ applications. authentic experimental idealized imagined
authentic
Laura had an IQ of 100, which is considered _____. above average average below average gifted
average
B.F. Skinner is best known for his contributions to the _____ perspective of educational psychology. behaviorist constructivist developmental cognitive
behaviorist
Critical Theory is a philosophy that advocates for being skeptical of the traditional beliefs of society. criticizing current educational trends. being hyper-aware of racial bias. using technology in the most effective way.
being skeptical of the traditional beliefs of society.
Classroom talk can be gendered, with _____ being called on more than _____. whites; minorities boys; girls minorities; whites affluent boys; low-income boys
boys; girls
In pre-industrial societies, children are often educated _____. in formal public or private schools in community centers staffed by volunteers by observing family members performing daily tasks in places of worship using faith-based curriculum
by observing family members performing daily tasks
A study of the overjustification effect found that _____. children are intrinsically motivated to play math games children given rewards for playing math games played them more often afterward children given rewards for playing math games played them the same amount afterward children given rewards for playing math games played them less often afterward
children given rewards for playing math games played them less often afterward
After choosing a theme, what should teachers do next? identify skills write objectives write lesson plans choose a central concept
choose a central concept
How long a person has been alive is his or her _____ age. real ideal mental chronological
chronological
What is the general term for the tactics a teacher uses to keep students focused, on task, and productive? classroom routines classroom transitions classroom schedules classroom management
classroom management
What do teachers and students determine together in learner-centered classrooms that govern expectations? classroom policies benchmarks learning goals formative assessments
classroom policies
Mr. Parker always begins each physics class by asking 'What do you think will happen if...' He believes that acknowledging students' previous beliefs about physical laws will increase their motivation to understand new and accurate concepts. Mr. Parker is utilizing the _____ perspective. cognitive trait humanistic behaviorist
cognitive
Learning how to do multiplication is an example of _____. social development emotional development developmental psychology cognitive development
cognitive development
What are themes in curriculum development? cute ideas teachers use to keep kids interested concepts or big ideas learning is centered around ideas central to class identification, like cute dinosaurs or fish a modern way of teaching that involves students reading books and creating projects about them
concepts or big ideas learning is centered around
Which of the following areas of thinking is NOT included in concrete operational structure? conservation conceptualization numerical operations ordering class inclusion
conceptualization
Knowing that a sandwich contains the same amount of food whether it is cut into two pieces or four pieces represents the concept of _____. classification persistence symbolic thought equilibration conservation
conservation
The idea that people learn through their experiences and interactions with the world is called _____. zone of proximal development constructivism social project-based
constructivism
The material that students are supposed to learn is referred to as _____. process procedure product content
content
How can teachers create a positive learning environment with classroom space? make sure students bring materials from home buy lots of posters with cute kittens create bright, clean and organized spaces only let students use materials that don't cost too much
create bright, clean and organized spaces
Thinking 'outside the box' and developing new ways to solve problems is referred to as _____. classroom management creative thinking visual learning critical thinking
creative thinking
The _____ educational psychology perspective proposes that learning occurs through stage-like processes. developmental constructivist cognitive behaviorist
developmental
The study of how people's thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and relationships change as they grow is referred to as _____. emotional development cognitive development social development developmental psychology
developmental psychology
What should teachers consider when designing the physical learning environment? how much homework students receive gender different choices for groupings student cultures
different choices for groupings
Hector showed his students how to create a box out of notebook paper. He then asked them to take out a few pieces of paper and try it for themselves. This is an example of _____. common instruction collaborative instruction direct instruction discovery instruction
direct instruction
Trisha wrote an unfamiliar math problem on the board. She then asked her students to brainstorm and discuss with each other possible solutions to the problem while she observed. This is an example of _____. discovery instruction expository instruction common instruction direct instruction
discovery instruction
Extrinsic motivation is defined as _____. doing something fun with other people doing something because it's interesting doing something because it results in an external reward or avoids negative consequences doing something because it needs to be done
doing something because it results in an external reward or avoids negative consequences
Teaching students how to perceive and understand reality through logical processes is called _____ realism. scientific inquiry Newtonian Aristotlian educational
educational
The old adage ''A penny saved is a penny earned'' is an example of a(n) _____ idea. evergreen conversational classical perennial
evergreen
Which one of the following is NOT an ELL math strategy for lowering the anxiety? speaking slowly and repeating information as needed implementing the 'there is no such thing as a dumb question' rule exempting the assignment scaffolding the information
exempting the assignment
Two key components of health in middle childhood are _____ and _____. exercise; nutrition exercise; dieting meditation; dieting weightlifting; nutrition
exercise; nutrition
Dr. Carter teaches psychology and gives a PowerPoint presentation during each of her class sessions. A presentation is an example of _____. lectured instruction expository instruction hands-on instruction interactive instruction
expository instruction
Some studies have shown that the perceived _____ of teachers can impact how a student approaches school. fairness aloofness attractiveness friendliness
fairness
Which characteristic is especially helpful for teachers striving to teach diverse learners? cultural responsiveness flexibility differentiation confidence
flexibility
What type of assessment is used to help determine future teaching goals in a learner-centered classroom? formative standardized tests summative end of unit
formative
Which is a theme that is important to humanity? space sports parts of speech freedom
freedom
Self-constructed beliefs regarding specific traits and behaviors of males and females are referred to as _____. cognitive schemas gender schemas behavioral schemas equity schemas
gender schemas
When Dr. Jones gives a lecture on inherited traits encoded into a person's DNA, she is teaching about _____. genes nurture plasticity identity
genes
Development is the process of _____ and _____ that humans go through over their lifetime. growth; life reasoning; change growth; change reasoning; growth
growth; change
Family engagement might include... only calling home when students misbehave None of these answers is correct. having students write detailed reports about their family life having regular opportunities for families to visit the classroom
having regular opportunities for families to visit the classroom
Bryan has autism, and often seems aloof and standoffish. According to experts, this is because _____. his hearing is impaired he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy he finds other people's conversation stupid he doesn't care about other people
he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy
Today's teachers commonly experience _____. increased professional autonomy lower student enrollment numbers the need to learn foreign languages higher expectations from stakeholders
higher expectations from stakeholders
Rates of depression tend to be _____ in adolescent girls than boys, which might be because self-esteem is _____ in adolescent girls. lower; higher higher; higher lower; lower higher; lower
higher; lower
What is diversity? human difference of all sorts racial difference different kinds of animals differentiated instruction
human difference of all sorts
Which activity is interdisciplinary? in a language arts class, teaching about the French Revolution in a language arts class, teaching about the setting in a history class, teaching about past governments in a science class, teaching how to create inventions in a math class, teaching multiplication and division
in a language arts class, teaching about the French Revolution
Teachers may facilitate multicultural awareness in instruction by _____. calling upon minority member students to answer questions having students remember capital cities of world nations speaking to students in their native languages incorporating international and/or global concepts into instruction
incorporating international and/or global concepts into instruction
A Think, Pair, Share has students work: in groups. individually and together. on specific content-based topics. by themselves.
individually and together.
Kate noticed that all of the desks in her math and science classrooms are blue. She concludes that all of the desks in all of the classrooms must also be blue. This is an example of _____. logical reasoning deductive reasoning sequential reasoning inductive reasoning
inductive reasoning
Many children begin to develop _____ during middle childhood. physiological disorders insecurities about their body worries about their brain bad headaches
insecurities about their body
Scholastic aptitude is another name for _____. mental preparedness chronological age intelligence certainty
intelligence
Donnie has received a score of 120 based on an intelligence test he has taken. This is known as his _____, which is above average. level of cognition aptitude intelligence intelligence quotient
intelligence quotient
Noah believes that a person's genes and environment influence each other. His belief is an example of the _____. nature vs. nurture debate body vs environment debate interaction of nature and nurture interaction of DNA and heredity
interaction of nature and nurture
Donna received her marked essay draft from her classmate. He had circled each incorrect verb and explained the grammar rules to her. This student to student feedback is an example of _____. collaborative instruction expository instruction hands-on instruction interactive instruction
interactive instruction
You coach a basketball team, and one of your players asks you if he's shooting the ball correctly. You model the correct form and explain the technique to him. This is an example of _____. expository instruction interactive instruction collaborative instruction sports instruction
interactive instruction
Common behaviors that most children with learning disabilities exhibit fall into the categories of _____ and _____. pessimistic; optimistic behaviors achieving; non-achieving behaviors reactive; proactive behaviors internalizing; externalizing behaviors
internalizing; externalizing behaviors
According to Renzulli, at the _____ of above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity you will find gifted behavior. cross roads end intersection roundabout
intersection
At the _____ level, the student is evaluated on whether he/she can correctly vocalize an individual sound. sound isolation phonetic conversation
isolation
What does it mean if a theme is universal? it's about space travel it makes sense to toddlers it can be represented artistically it can be understood by many cultures and eras
it can be understood by many cultures and eras
Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs a person's _____ ability. language critical thinking mathematical memory recall
language
Progressivism supports the idea that students _____. learn from observation learn using memorization learn by doing learn from textbooks
learn by doing
What aspects of psychosocial setting should be considered? learner profiles teacher preferences academic awareness the psychical setting
learner profiles
One great way to better understand students' learning styles in math is to _____. analyze academic performance records administer a standardized diagnostic exam ask them directly on the first day of class let them use their own way to solve a problem
let them use their own way to solve a problem
Pragmatism maintains that education should be about _____ and _____. teaching; learning knowledge; sharing receiving; giving life; growth
life; growth
Even though Joel graduated from college years ago, he continues to spend hours each week reading and studying. Which of the following terms BEST captures what kind of learner Joel is? lifelong self-directed humanist self-evaluative
lifelong
Group work teaches students to: focus on socializing during class time. figure out who will do the most work and put them in charge. listen, communicate, and compromise. get away with doing less work.
listen, communicate, and compromise.
Jean-Claude is a United States student from France. When his teacher and peers talk, he does not understand most of what they say. At times, he can't get specific words or phrases. Gestures and visual aids don't provide a lot of assistance for him. According to the 'Texas English Language Proficiency Standards' (ELPS), Jean-Claude is a beginning student in this skill: speaking listening reading writing
listening
During middle childhood, a child's _____ body grows especially fast. lower upper middle total
lower
Behaviors that do not allow a person to reach harmony with the environment are _____ behaviors. adjustment adolescent maladaptive maladjustment
maladaptive
Behaviors that do not allow a person to reach harmony with the environment are _____ behaviors. maladjustment maladaptive adjustment adolescent
maladaptive
Colleges help prepare students for their future careers. This is an example of a _____ function of the school. cultural manifest latent social
manifest
Dr. Ruiz overhears one of her students say, 'Thank goodness that test was difficult! I was afraid it would be easy.' Dr. Ruiz assumes that her student wants very hard exams, so she makes the next exam even harder. Dr. Ruiz's interpretation of her student's comment demonstrates the _____ of language. syntax vocabulary pragmatics mechanics
mechanics
How well a person does on an intelligence test is related to his or her _____ age. real ideal mental chronological
mental
When we manipulate the world in our mind in order to solve problems, we are performing a _____. concrete operational mental operation serial operation classification
mental operation
The time between ages seven and twelve is called _____. late childhood early middle childhood early childhood middle childhood
middle childhood
Incorporating _____ writers, mathematicians, historical figures, and scientists into the curriculum can help some students believe that they can reach similar levels of achievement. accomplished traditional minority white
minority
According to Skinner, learning entails the student _____. understanding a topic in-depth guessing the right answer modifying his or her behavior asking the right questions
modifying his or her behavior
Hormones that impact a child's behavior are considered _____ factors, while influences such as peers and parents are considered _____ factors. environmental; biological nature; nurture biological; gender nurture; nature
nature; nurture
What is a learner-centered classroom? one that focuses on rules and grading determined by the teacher one that focuses on individual student needs and co-creating learning experiences one that allows students to make all decisions one that uses frequent testing to give grades
one that focuses on individual student needs and co-creating learning experiences
When baby Terrell says 'wa-wa-wa' and points to a cup, his mother responds with 'you want water,' and reinforces his learning by giving him a drink of water. This is an example of the _____ perspective of language development. social interaction operant conditioning information processing call and response
operant conditioning
Which is a type of learning environment? reactive physical mental effective
physical
What areas are important for the learning environment? physical, psychological and instructional physical and emotional instructional and physical emotional and instructional
physical, psychological and instructional
A headache is an example of _____ noise. medical physical physiological biological
physiological
Which of the following is a lifestyle choice that may enhance growth and development? playing outside every day eating only the foods you like every day consuming as little calories as possible every day being sedentary every day
playing outside every day
After taking a very hard exam, Wilhelm says to his friend, 'Thank goodness that test was difficult! I was afraid it would be easy.' His friend laughs because she knows Wilhelm is being sarcastic. Wilhelm's friend is understanding language in context, which is a part of language _____. semantics mechanics syntax pragmatics
pragmatics
Desiree and her friend Nita are from very different cultures. As a result, even though they speak the same language, they often use the language very differently. Their cultural differences in the way they use language are part of language _____. mechanics syntax pragmatics semantics
pragmatics
In differentiated instruction, the in-class and hands-on activities that are designed to enhance students' learning are called _____. product content procedure process
process
The tests or student presentations that show what students have learned are called _____. content procedure product process
product
Giving an open-ended, complex, real-world question to a group of students to solve is called _____ learning. project-based social zone of proximal development constructivism
project-based
You notice several students in your class are struggling with a concept that will be built on in further lessons. Given what you've learned about scaffolding, you should _____. provide extra support for those students to help them master the concept. conclude that those students must not be trying hard enough and talk to their parents. move on quickly and know that eventually it is likely that those students will catch up. send those particular students to a learning disabilities specialist for support.
provide extra support for those students to help them master the concept.
Erikson characterizes development as a series of _____. psychosexual stages psychomoral stages psychosocial stages ethical stages
psychosocial stages
Juan is trying to explain what vocabulary is to his friend Carmela. He should tell Carmela that vocabulary is all of the following EXCEPT _____. words suffixes punctuation prefixes
punctuation
Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that may impact growth and development? pollution chemicals hormones race
race
Which is NOT used to promote expressive language? reading quietly to self narrating everyday activities having conversations labeling items
reading quietly to self
Adolescents gain _____ skills as the prefrontal cortex of their brain develops. exploratory and problem-solving motor and problem-solving reasoning and problem-solving motor and exploratory
reasoning and problem-solving
Which type of language does a child first learn? expressive monoactive interactive receptive
receptive
For teaching a novel, which activity crosses into the core subject of science? participate in a debate on social issues reenactments of the events of the author's life recreate new inventions of the era research the clothing, food, and social rules of the author's time reports on the governments and current events
recreate new inventions of the era
Brandon is a toddler whose vocabulary consists of labels, such as 'doggie' for all four-legged animals and 'ball' for anything round. His neighbor Cara, who is a few months older, says 'thank you' when given something, and 'good doggie' when she sees the family pet respond to a command. Brandon exhibits the _____ language style, while Cara is developing _____ language. expressive; referential receptive; social social; receptive referential; expressive
referential; expressive
Paraphrasing is to _____. restate what has been said and make corrections based on your own opinion restate what has been said word for word restate what has been said in a paragraph restate what has been said
restate what has been said
Perennialism is the belief that: teachers should only teach the classics. schools should foster great conversations between students. schools should focus on what's everlasting. students should learn in the same ways their grandparents learned.
schools should focus on what's everlasting.
Studies indicate that children whose parents were substance abusers _____ on standardized tests. score lower do well cheat score higher
score lower
According to the information processing theory, information moves from _____, to working memory, to long-term memory. chunking automaticity cognitive load sensory storage
sensory storage
The period of development between ages _____ and _____ is known as the concrete operational stage. four; fifteen seven; twelve twelve; twenty three; ten
seven; twelve
Homogeneous grouping puts _____ students together, and heterogeneous grouping puts _____ students together. different; similar strong; weak similar; different weak; strong
similar; different
Learning through interactions with others is called _____ learning. project-based social zone of proximal development constructivism
social
Some sociologists believe that _____ is a function of school that perpetuates inequality. culturization social placement socialization competition
social placement
Albert Bandura is famous for his contributions to the _____ perspective of educational psychology. cognitive social-cognitive constructivist developmental
social-cognitive
Josh has difficulty following the classroom rules about getting along amicably with others. Josh could be _____. functionally delayed cognitively disabled socially delayed developmentally delayed
socially delayed
Resilience in children tends to be particularly high regarding _____ issues. physical cognitive recall socioemotional
socioemotional
Curriculum planning and development is the process of looking at the _____ in each subject area and developing a strategy to teach them to students. important points most important information topics standards
standards
Curriculum planning and development is the process of looking at the _____ in each subject area and developing a strategy to teach them to students. topics standards important points most important information
standards
As per the 'Texas English Language Proficiency Standards' (ELPS), an English advanced student can generate writing that contains all of the following, except: grade-appropriate language shared writing participation with some support structures comparable to the ones of a native speaker a few errors
structures comparable to the ones of a native speaker
What are results of a positive learning environment? students who do whatever they are asked students who are afraid of their teacher students who aren't afraid to make mistakes and feel comfortable with their teacher students who make few mistakes
students who aren't afraid to make mistakes and feel comfortable with their teacher
Disorders that start in childhood are generally _____. studied by psychologists who study genetic abnormalities not studied since they may disappear by the time the child reaches maturity studied by psychologists who study human development studied only by family doctors with pediatric training
studied by psychologists who study human development
The most effective instructional materials _____. have cute, age-appropriate themes support the learning of most of the students support a variety of learning styles entail homework
support a variety of learning styles
The two processes that allow children's brains to learn more in less time and become overall more functional during early childhood are _____ and _____. synaptic growth; synaptic reasoning synaptic pruning; synaptic reasoning synaptic growth; synaptic pruning synaptic addition; synaptic subtraction
synaptic growth; synaptic pruning
Jamelle is trying to write a paper for her English class, but she can't remember the correct order of words in a sentence. Jamelle is struggling with _____. pragmatics vocabulary order-dependent language syntax
syntax
Which is true of the teacher-student relationship in learner-centered classrooms? teachers and students work as a team the teacher is clearly in charge students are given full control some, but not all, students are given control
teachers and students work as a team
What is differentiated instruction? teaching different topics every day culturally responsive pedagogy giving homework that reflects the day's lessons teaching individual students at their individual levels
teaching individual students at their individual levels
Compulsory education in the U.S. was enacted following _____. the Industrial Revolution the Civil Rights Movement World War II the Civil War
the Industrial Revolution
New immigrants to the United States need to learn how to blend into the American way of life. A person making the above statement would most likely be a proponent of cultural pluralism. tossed green salad. the melting pot. multicultural diversity. inclusion.
the melting pot.
The learning environment does NOT include _____. the classroom decorations the physical arrangement of the desks the general atmosphere, or 'feeling' of the class the number of books on the shelves
the number of books on the shelves
What is a learning environment? the place students do homework how the classroom looks the physical, psychological and instructional atmosphere in a classroom a way to describe the universal classroom
the physical, psychological and instructional atmosphere in a classroom
What is the learning environment? classrooms that use technology a form of education from the 1920's schools that support multi-age learning the space and framework where children learn
the space and framework where children learn
In Mrs. Jones' classroom, when students need to use the restroom, they raise their hand while making a sign language 'r' with their raised hand. This is an example of which of the following classroom management techniques? a clear schedule the use of a routine a classroom transition special classroom language
the use of a routine
The concept of focusing on _____ emphasizes teaching students to be good citizens as well as good learners. active learning the whole child progressivism the scientific method
the whole child
Why are serve and return interactions important? they build trust they give parents time for themselves they keep children active without adult supervision they help children learn fine motor skills
they build trust
Divorce can be tough on young children because _____. they can't be in two places at once one parent spoils them, while the other is a disciplinarian they don't want their parents to date other people they have to deal with the concept of a step-parent they lack an understanding of what it is
they lack an understanding of what it is
Visuals and manipulatives benefit diverse student populations because _____. they support multiple learning styles they improve visual and tactile skills reading and writing tasks are less effective most students are visual learners
they support multiple learning styles
A child is determined to have cognitive delay if their intellectual performance is _____. one grade level below their peers one grade level above their peers two grade levels above their peers two grade levels below their peers
two grade levels below their peers
Early childhood is a very important time of change and growth that occurs between the ages of _____ and _____. one; five five; ten 18 months; four years two; seven
two; seven
How can a teacher positively impact the instructional environment? use recess to reteach when necessary lecture often so students get used to it give homework so students learn more use lots of different types of instruction
use lots of different types of instruction
One strategy that may help English learners is to _____. translate every single word use realia to explain vocabulary words talk slowly ignore cognates
use realia to explain vocabulary words
Thorndike is best known for the experiments in which he _____. used dogs in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on development used cats in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior used dogs in cages to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior used cats in cages to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on development
used cats in puzzle boxes to study the effect of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
What is communication? only speech is considered communication skills we learn in adulthood ways to let others know thoughts and feelings none of the answers are correct
ways to let others know thoughts and feelings