Subject SAT - US History (Colonial America (1607-1754))

The creation of sugar plantation like that shown in the engraving contributed most directly to which of the following?

Development of a mercantilist system to export cash crops The English colonies sent cash crops and raw materials to the mother country.

Which of the following statements describes the Dutch goal of settling New Amsterdam?

Direct access to major ports and the Atlantic Ocean made trade easier The primarily goal of Dutch settlement was to make a major port city to make trade easier for their Dutch East India Company and their Dutch West India Company .

Bacon's Rebellion

Led by former indentured servants, Bacon's Rebellion has been credited with facilitating the change from indentured servants to enslaved labor

The Dutch colonization was chiefly focused on

Maritime trade The Dutch were adamant about finding a new port city with many places for trade ships to dock.

The Mayflower Compact established

A social contract among the Pilgrims, which became a foundation of representative democracy English settlers voluntarily agreed to help each other, inspiring democratic spirit through the cooperative and inclusive nature of the agreement.

King Philip's War and the Anglo-Powhatan Wars show that

Although the English colonies in the Chesapeake and New England differed in many ways, white settlers in both regions pursued wars of extermination against Native Americans Both King Phillip's War and the Anglo-Powhatan Wars demonstrate the violence colonizers inflicted on native populations living in the New World.

What was the Enlightenment?

An intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition. Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Voltaire questioned publicly-accepted knowledge and spread new ideas about openness and tolerance.

Which of the following describes another way in which colonists created self-governing institutions that were unusually democratic for the era?

Colonists in the New England colonies conducted town hall meetings which elected members to colonial legislatures Male New England colonists participated and voted in town hall meetings as a system of self-government.

Which of the following statements explains why the French allied themselves with Native Americans?

French colonists were looking to establish fur-trading practices with Native Americans the primary reason for French colonization was to establish fur-trading networks and make alliances with Native American advantageous

Which of the following was a tactic the French used to keep peaceful relations with Native Americans?

French explorers married Native American women Intermarriage was more common between the French and Native Americans because they sought to establish strong relations for trade alliances.

what caused the founders of Virginia to transition from using white indentured servants as laborers to using enslaved Africans?

Indentured servants only worked for a short time, while enslaved Africans were forced to work for their entire lives When their contracts ended, former indentured servants would not continue to work for the plantation owners.

What was the Virginia Company's purpose for writing this tract?

Persuade men and women to migrate to the Americas or to invest in the colonization of Virginia The tract describes the positives of life in Virginia in order to encourage people to move.

Puritans differed from Separatists in that

Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England, Separatists wanted to separate from it entirely For example, the Pilgrims were different than most Puritans since they were Separatists.

How did the colonization efforts of the French and Dutch primarily differ from those of the Spanish?

The French and Dutch relied heavily on trade alliances with Native Americans, while the Spanish did not The French and Dutch cultivated working relationships with many Native Americans to trade furs and other valuable goods.

which of the following statements explains a major difference in settlement patterns between French and English colonies in the 1600s?

The French and Dutch sent less settlers because they were not focused on creating permanent settlements The French and Dutch were focused on creating trade relationships and did not creating many permanent settlements, while the English did

Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop envisioned the colony as

a "city upon a hill," providing an example of reformed Protestantism to the world Winthrop hoped for Massachusetts Bay to set an example of a successful Protestant colony for the rest of the colonies and the rest of the world to see.

The closest modern-day equivalent of joint stock company is

a corporation, with shares spread among many investors similar to a modern-day corporation, investors provided the capital and assumed the risk for the joint stock company

The Navigation Acts

a series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade

Which of the following was one of England's motivations for pursuing colonies in the New World?

competition with Spain protestant England competed with Catholic Spain for religious dominance

Sir Walter Raleigh was a promoter for the Roanoke Colony, which is most notable for

disappearing john white, Roanoke's governor, left the island for only three years, and when he returned the entire colony had vanished

The career of the privateer Sir Francis Drake shows that

during the early age of exploration, England preferred to reap the rewards of the New World through piracy rather than by starting a colony on its own English privateer Sir Francis Drake stole 40,000 euros worth of silver, gold, and pearls

What caused the Metacom's War?

forced religious conversions Native forces succeeded in destroying half of the frontier Puritan towns, but the English ultimately won the war

What did John Winthrop do?

he wanted to create a just government that set an example for the rest of the world English colonizers were motivated to create societies which secured personal freedoms

The Great Awakening was a period of

increased religious fervor This period of revitalized religious sentiment swept through Europe and the North American colonies during the early 18th century

Before the late 1600s, VA planters generally preferred white indentured servants to enslaved Africans as a source of labor bc

indentured servants were cheaper than slaves indentured servants, or laborers who worked without pay for a period of time in exchange for passage to America, usually cost less than slaves

Historians believe that Bacon's Rebellion

led planters to transition from using indentured servants to using enslaved Africans as a source of labor the rebellion's alliance of poor whites and Africans led the elite planter class to separate the races through sharper social divisions

The perilous and frequently deadly forced journey made by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic in ships was known as the

middle passage at least 2 million, or over 15% of enslaved Africans, died during the Middle Passage

In 1607, the Virginia Company founded Jamestown on the east coast of what is today the US, with the intention of

quickly extracting natural resources from the Americas and making its investors wealthy many of Jamestown's settlers were desperate men who needed a new source of wealth besides inheritance

The triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas sent

raw materials to Europe, finished goods to Africa, and slaves to the Americas tobacco and sugar went to Europe; textiles, rum, and other manufactured goods went to Africa; enslaved people were shipped to the Americas

Which of the following was a reason that England did not have a successful colonial venture in the New World until 1607?

religious and political turmoil at home conflict between Protestants and Catholics consumed much of England's attention in the 1500s

What was a trend in the Middle colonies?

settlers came from many different countries and practice many different religions English, German, Scotch-Irish and many other European settlers lived in Pennsylvania. They practice Protestantism, Catholicism, Quakerism, and other religions

The Massachusetts Bay Colony practiced

strict adherence to the Puritan faith Puritan leaders dominated the Massachusetts Bay Colony and did not tolerate people who practiced other forms of Christianity, like Anglicans, Quakers, or Baptists

the father of Pocahontas, Powhatan was

the leader of Algonquian Indians living in Tidewater VA Powhatan's real name was Wahunsunacawh, but the English colonists called him Powhatan

John Smith was most famous as

the leader of the Jamestown colony who helped it survive by prescribing strict discipline using his military experience to lead Jamestown, Smith maintained order in the colony

The experiences of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson demonstrate

the strict adherence to Puritan orthodoxy required in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Both Williams and Hutchinson challenged religious intolerance in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Governor John Winthrop expelled them.

The consumer revolution of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, which brought finished goods from London to the colonies,

tied England and its colonies closer together in a shared world of literature and fashion. New demand for luxury goods tightened the cultural ties between England and it colonies.

The 1739 Stono Rebellion in South Carolina demonstrates that

whites responded to threats of revolt by passing ever-stricter slave codes SC then passed the An Act for the Better Ordering and Governing of Negroes and other slaves in the Province also known as the Negro Act of 1740, imposing new limits on enslaved people's lives