Substance Abuse

C. Displaying compulsive behavior

Identify the "relapse-prone" behavior. A. Responding with action when prepared B. Detaching to gain perspective C. Displaying compulsive behavior D. Asking for help

D. Permanent, personalized, and pervasive

Pessimism, as described by Martin Seligman, in his book "Learned Optimism," is when the individual sees negative events as: A. Changeable, flexible, and specific B. Pernicious, perplexing, and personalized C. Temporary, personal, purposeful D. Permanent, personalized, and pervasive

D. Existential issues

Poor Future Orientation is most closely related to A. Social Learning Theory B. Conditioning C. Addictive personality D. Existential issues

C. Lack of freedom

Which of the following is a feature associated with the late stage of alcohol/drug use? A. Fewer risks B. Lack of illness C. Lack of freedom D. Absence of abuse

C. All of these

Which of the following styles of enabling behavior has been described by Charles Nelson (1988)? A. Attempting to control B. Taking over responsibilities C. All of these D. Avoiding and shielding

C. Menninger

Which of the following psychologists likened substance use to a suicidal endeavor? A. Carl Jung B. Sigmund Freud C. Menninger D. Bill Wilson

A. "Simple" magical solution

"Just say no" is an example of: A. "Simple" magical solution B. The only correct solution C. A matra for sobriety D. A slogan created by Laura Bush

B. Ambiguous family system.

"We have rules, but we don't enforce them" is an example of a(n): A. Distorted family system. B. Ambiguous family system. C. Distraught family system. D. Rigid family system.

C. 30-180

A majority of relapses occur in the first _____ days of recovery. A. 180-360 B. 200-230 C. 30-180 D. 10-30

D. panic

Abandonment depression, as defined by Masterson, is an affective (feeling) disorder with six key elements, one of which is: A. feeling hopeful and pragmatic B. bonding with parents C. grandiosity D. panic

B. insight

According to the resiliency factors as described by the Wolins, _____ is the habit of asking tough questions that pierce the denial and confusion of troubled families. A. independence B. insight C. creativity D. morality

A. Richard Nixon

According to the text, which United States president began the war on drugs? A. Richard Nixon B. Gerald ford C. Bill Clinton D. Ronald Reagan

D. Having power

According to the text, which of the following elements does the concept of quantum change exclude? A. Involves conflict B. Vivid C. Enduring D. Having power

A. alcohol

According to this chapter, the most widely used psychoactive drug is: A. alcohol B. lsd C. marijuana D. cocaine

D. Lost child, family scapegoat, chief enabler, family hero, and family mascot

As described by Sharon Wegscheider-Cruse, which of the following does the survival roles in an alcoholic family include? A. Family clown, model child, and black sheep B. Intellectualizer, clown, and chief bottle washer C. Blamer, family advisor, chief dependent, and family clown D. Lost child, family scapegoat, chief enabler, family hero, and family mascot

D. mindful surrender.

Change is described in Buddhist teachings as: A. reflecting through skepticism. B. engaging in confrontation. C. denial and delusion. D. mindful surrender.

D. Role reversal

Denial of feelings is common in alcoholic families. Which of the following factors as reported by Howard Clinebell (1985) produces damage in the lives of children of alcoholics? A. Helicopter parents B. Poor nutrition C. Over attention to what others think D. Role reversal

C. instilling a political conscience.

Effective motivational strategies include all BUT: A. decreasing desirability. B. removing barriers. C. instilling a political conscience. D. providing choice.

D. desire to get lung cancer

In comparing vulnerability of relapse, Field cites the work of Danaher & Lichtenstein (1978), who describe the natural cycle of smoking (cigarettes), which includes all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. social pressure B. stress C. self-mastery D. desire to get lung cancer

A. the self looking in on itself and finding the self lacking or flawed.

Merle Fossum and Marilyn Mason defined shame as: A. the self looking in on itself and finding the self lacking or flawed. B. a feeling of guilt for doing something unethical. C. a poor decision that leads to embarrassment. D. a chronic depression that leads to drug abuse.

B. morphine, codeine, and opium.

Natural opioids include: A. morphine, codeine, and cocaine. B. morphine, codeine, and opium. C. morphine, marijuana, and lsd. D. morphine, lsd and opium.

A. suboxone

One of the drugs that have emerged in the last few years to help reduce cravings in opioid addicts is _____. A. suboxone B. Methaqualone C. disulfiram D. antabuse

C. Addictive personality

Psychological Vulnerability is a more accurate term which is most similar to what was previously called A. Family Model B. Personality Disorders C. Addictive personality D. Genetic Model

C. 45-120 days

Richard Rawson describes the "Wall Stage" of recovery as occurring at ___. A. 181-360 days B. 0-15 days C. 45-120 days D. 16-44 days

C. Nervous anxiety

Sigmund Freud recommended cocaine for the treatment of ___ A. Schizophrenia B. Major depressive disorder C. Nervous anxiety D. Cancer

B. Physical weakness.

Symptoms of barbiturate withdrawal include: A. Increased alertness. B. Physical weakness. C. Need for excessive sleep. D. Chronic muscle pain.

A. resiliency

The Wollins define _____ as an internal protective factor and the ability to bounce back. A. resiliency B. proactivity C. empowerment D. recovery

B. Social-cultural perspective

The perspective that attempts to adapt the environment to meet the individual's needs is the: A. Psychosocial perspective B. Social-cultural perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Moral-legal perspective

C. Marijuana

The single most significant change in recent drug history is the legalization of _____ for its medical usage A. None of these B. PCP C. Marijuana D. Cocaine

B. rationalization and minimization.

The two major defense mechanisms used to deny problems with alcohol and drugs are: A. anger and moodiness. B. rationalization and minimization. C. availability and minimization. D. self-blame and withdrawal.

A. All of these

What differentiates various types of affective (feeling) disorders? A. All of these B. Severity C. Precipitating factors D. Frequency

D. Distorted family system

Which family system described in this chapter characterizes the family value as maintaining an illusion of normalcy, despite significant physical, emotional, and interpersonal problems of the family? A. Overextended family system B. Family System of a Down C. Ambiguous family system D. Distorted family system

C. All of these

Which of the following is a style of procrastination? A. The Crisis-Maker Procrastinator B. The Defier Procrastinator C. All of these D. The Overdoer Procrastinator

B. All of these

Which of the following is an early prevention approach that didn't work? A. Converting programs B. All of these C. Scare tactics D. Preaching tactics

B. They exhibit all of these traits.

Which of the following traits do individuals with borderline personality disorder most likely have? A. They demonstrate a marked instability of mood. B. They exhibit all of these traits. C. They engage in self destructive acts. D. They often form intense interpersonal attractions.

B. Atypical depression

_____ is frequently the diagnosis for many adult children of alcoholics. A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Atypical depression C. Schizophrenia D. Bipolar disorder

B. A mobile.

A dysfunctional family system as described by Virginia Satir uses the metaphor of: A. A Hybrid Sedan B. A mobile. C. An emotional roller coaster. D. A merry-go round.

B. Hard driving, workaholic, defensive, fear of closeness to others

According to Cermak (1984), which of the following behaviors do disengaged adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) in interpersonal relationships exhibit? A. Dealing with feelings appropriately in a calm way B. Hard driving, workaholic, defensive, fear of closeness to others C. A balanced healthy lifestyle without conflict D. Open and honest dealings on an emotional level

A. All of these

According to Daniel Goleman, which of the following is a key element of emotional intelligence? A. All of these B. Ability to control impulses C. Ability to regulate one's mood D. Ability to empathize

A. Hope

According to Fossum and Mason, which of the following features is the major focus in a balanced family system? A. Hope B. Inescapable shame C. Powerlessness D. External orientation

?

According to Marlatt and Gordon, which of the following is the least likely cause for relapse among alcoholics? A. Social pressure B. Personality disorders C. Interpersonal conflicts D. Conflicts with family and employer

B. Enmeshed and disengaged boundaries

According to Minuchin, which of the following types of boundaries are characteristic of imbalanced families? A. Triangulation and distancing boundaries B. Enmeshed and disengaged boundaries C. Ambiguous and rigid boundaries D. Shame and guile boundaries

B. 180-360 days

According to Rawson, identify the time of course of the resolution stage of alcohol/drug recovery. A. 12-100 days B. 180-360 days C. 15-44 days D. 45-60 days

B. Addicts recognize their behavior has been a problem.

According to chapter nine, interventions are most likely to be effective in getting individuals into treatment when: A. Parents come down hard on the penalties they will impose on their children. B. Addicts recognize their behavior has been a problem. C. More family members are aware of a problem. D. Parents are present, even though they might be divorced or separated.

D. 28 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent.

According to chapter seven, it is estimated there are: A. 13 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. B. 1 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. C. 38 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. D. 28 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent.

A. The feeling is escalated.

According to chapter six, which of the following happens when shame is attached to a feeling? A. The feeling is escalated. B. The person experiencing the shame becomes numb. C. The feeling is immediately extinguished. D. The feeling is never extinguished.

B. Lifetime membership is required for complete recovery.

According to chapter twelve, which of the following is NOT a Rational Recovery concept? A. People can gain control over their addictive behaviors. B. Lifetime membership is required for complete recovery. C. Labeling is discouraged. D. Alcoholism may or may not be a disease.

A. Alcohol is a significant factor in up to 90 percent of child abuse cases

According to the National Association of Children of Alcoholics (NACOA) Charter Statement (1983) the following is true A. Alcohol is a significant factor in up to 90 percent of child abuse cases B. All of the above C. Less than 25% of all alcoholics have an alcoholic parent D. Children of alcoholics are at a lower risk of developing alcoholism themselves or marrying someone who is alcoholic

C. Age group 18-25

According to the chapter, identify the age group with the highest rate of serious mental illness (SMI). A. Age group 26-49 B. Age group 75-90 C. Age group 18-25 D. Age group 14-17

D. The interpersonal problem-solving program

According to the chapter, which of the following is a program that emphasizes dealing with authority figures, resisting peer pressure, improving behavior in school, getting along better with family members, and developing empathy? A. The social stress program B. The challenge program C. The resiliency program D. The interpersonal problem-solving program

B. Immediate positive consequences

According to the natural cycle of cigarette smoking, which of the following is often cited as a reason for continuing smoking? A. Anticipation of adulthood B. Immediate positive consequences C. Rebelliousness D. Self-Mastery

C. initiative

According to the resiliency factors as described by the Wolins, _____ is a push for mastery that combats the feelings of helplessness troubled families produce in their offspring. A. morality B. independence C. intitiative D. creativity

D. What would prevent you from committing suicide?

According to the text, which of the following is an extremely important question to ask if a client feels suicidal? A. Have you been writing in your journal? B. Do you recognize the impact this will have on those close to you? C. Are you willing to die rather than face your problems? D. What would prevent you from committing suicide?

B. has both a psychiatric diagnosis and a chemical dependency diagnosis.

According to this chapter, co-occurring or dual disorders mean that an individual: A. uses both designer drugs along with organic marijuana. B. has both a psychiatric diagnosis and a chemical dependency diagnosis. C. uses both marijuana and alcohol. D. has both a cartilage disorder and an eating disorder.

A. Patients labeling their substance abuse as "self-medication"

According to this chapter, what is one of the common themes found with clients who are diagnosed with both bipolar disorder and substance abuse? A. Patients labeling their substance abuse as "self-medication" B. Sense of optimism C. Predominance of hopefulness D. Careful attention to detail and cleanliness

B. All of these

According to this chapter, which of the following exemplifies the historical association of drugs with minority groups? A. Alcohol with urban Catholic immigrants B. All of these C. Cocaine with African Americans D. Opium with the Chinese

D. All of these

According to this chapter, which of the following is an obstacle to reaching parents and family when attempting to get adolescents into counseling for drug problems? A. Skepticism B. Distrust of the system C. Fear of being labeled D. All of these

C. Daily marijuana use by 8th graders had declined over the last five years

According to this chapter, which of the following is true of marijuana use among school students? A. Daily marijuana use by 10th graders has gone down rapidly over the last five years B. There is a huge difference in marijuana use among high school seniors between medical and nonmedical marijuana states C. Daily marijuana use by 8th graders had declined over the last five years D. Marijuana consumption has increased rapidly as students see it as less harmful

C. It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis

According to this chapter, which of the following is true of the supply-side approach? A. It has resulted in a decrease in overall drug use B. It works only if military resources are provided C. It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis D. It has increased drug prices and reduced purity

A. The first six weeks of school

According to this chapter, which time of the school year is the most dangerous with respect to drinking behavior among college students? A. The first six weeks of school B. Spring break C. Graduation party week D. Winter break

D. Atypical depression

Adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) often experience impairment in interpersonal and social skills due to an extreme sensitivity to rejection. Which of the following is a diagnostic category recently associated with ACA? A. Autism B. Parkinson's disease C. Hepatitis C D. Atypical depression

D. suicide is not preventable and that most suicide victims want to die.

All of the following are facts about suicide EXCEPT: A. the suicide rate is higher for the elderly than any other age group. B. talking about suicide does not cause someone to be suicidal. C. suicide is the least cause of death among young people. D. suicide is not preventable and that most suicide victims want to die.

D. Alcohol

An example of a central nervous system depressant is _____ A. Cocaine B. Amphetamine C. Caffeine D. Alcohol

D. Being self-sacrificing

As per Colman and Cogan's work on intimacy dysfunction, which of the following behaviors is associated with overattachment? A. Denying B. Being compulsively independent C. Controlling others D. Being self-sacrificing

A. asking adolescents why they are using alcohol/drugs.

Assessment questions that are helpful in identifying adolescent alcohol/drug problems include all of the following EXCEPT: A. asking adolescents why they are using alcohol/drugs. B. finding out if there is a noticeable decrease in motivation. C. analyzing if there are signs of problems at school, lowered, grades, skipping classes, and fights with friends. D. looking for physical signs of alcohol or drug use.

A. Denial

At the _____ stage of the recovery process of an alcoholic/addict in a family, family members rarely acknowledge that something is wrong. A. Denial B. Anger C. Acceptance D. Bargaining

D. Boundary Ambiguity

Boss and Greenberg (1984) use the term _____ for confusion in family members' perceptions of who is in and out of the family and who is performing various family roles and tasks. A. clustering B. Triangulation C. Individuation D. Boundary Ambiguity

D. feel they have choices.

Changing old, imbalanced patters is possible only if individuals: A. have signed up for therapeutic yoga. B. have been referred to a psychiatrist for medications. C. have established a good work-out routine. D. feel they have choices.

D. parents refrain from discussing their children's feelings and always make decisions for their children.

Children are more likely to develop chemical dependency later in life if: A. parents influence their children in developing a strong sense of self. B. parents provide structure and discipline. C. parents promote alternative activities to alcohol/drugs. D. parents refrain from discussing their children's feelings and always make decisions for their children.

A. The improper healing of a cut

Children growing up in alcoholic families typically do not have the opportunity to do grief work. Which of the following analogies does Fields use in describing this process? A. The improper healing of a cut B. The writing of a letter to express feeling and thoughts to one's parents C. The egg with the insides removed D. The tangled up string of wires of a mobile network

C. counseling

Common defense components of resistance to change include all of the following EXCEPT A. denial B. minimization C. counseling D. rationalization

D. conducting a formal intervention and looking at inpatient/residential treatment for chemical dependency.

During the initial contact stage, the following types of interventions are typically used EXCEPT: A. discussing at-risk factor of alcohol/drug dependence and addiction. B. talking with other parents about a child's behavior in their homes. C. becoming more aware of a child's behavior and signs of alcohol/drug use. D. conducting a formal intervention and looking at inpatient/residential treatment for chemical dependency.

B. They determine the time and place of intervention.

During the preintervention stage, which of the following is true of the group members? A. They are disbanded. B. They determine the time and place of intervention. C. They discard any bottom-line script. D. They are encouraged to make generalized and blaming statements.

A. triangulation

Haley defined _____ as at least two adults involved in an offspring's problem, where the parent-child dyad is pitted against a more peripheral parent, stepparent, or grandparent. A. triangulation B. enmeshment C. disengagement D. flexibility

B. Forty

How many assets does the developmental assets model describe? A. Over ninety B. Forty C. Seven D. Thirty-two

A. Less education

Identify a factor that is associated with risk behaviors. A. Less education B. Church participation C. High income D. Internal locus of control

A. Anxiety and fatigue

Identify a feature of the withdrawal stage of alcohol/drug recovery. A. Anxiety and fatigue B. Optimism and overconfidence C. High levels of energy D. Clarity

B. Painful memories

Identify a perceptual factor that most likely causes alcoholics to relapse. A. Imbalanced lifestyle B. Painful memories C. Difficulty maintaining sobriety D. Experiencing a loss

D. Existential despair

Identify a spiritual factor that most likely causes alcoholics to relapse. A. Overreacting B. Poor judgment C. Painful memories D. Existential despair

A. It is most frequently taken orally.

Identify a true statement about MDMA (Ecstasy). A. It is most frequently taken orally. B. It is often prescribed for cancer patients with chronic, long-lasting pain. C. It produces severe delusions. D. It decreases self-esteem.

A. It can occur as a result of head injuries, nutritional deficiencies, and physical illness.

Identify a true statement about organic depression. A. It can occur as a result of head injuries, nutritional deficiencies, and physical illness. B. It is an extreme form of schizophrenia. C. It is otherwise known as manic-depressive illness. D. It is a nonaffective disorder.

A. They affect mood and behavior.

Identify a true statement about psychoactive drugs. A. They affect mood and behavior. B. They hardly affect brain functions. C. They exclude painkillers and designer drugs. D. They are primarily in the form of vitamins and antibiotics.

B. The emotional symptoms during this stage include optimism and overconfidence.

Identify a true statement about the honeymoon stage of alcohol/drug recovery. A. The behavioral symptoms during this stage include an increased need for sleep. B. The emotional symptoms during this stage include optimism and overconfidence. C. It is the first stage of alcohol/drug recovery. D. None of these

C. There is focus towards development of new areas of interest.

Identify a true statement about the resolution stage of alcohol/drug recovery. A. Individuals in this stage experience an inability to prioritize their life. B. It is the first stage of alcohol/drug recovery. C. There is focus towards development of new areas of interest. D. There is increased frequency of drug/alcohol thoughts and cravings.

D. Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people

Identify a true statement about the war on drugs. A. It was first initiated by Ronald Reagan B. Nixon was extremely successful in fighting the war on drugs C. Most administrations aimed to fight alcoholism as a part of the war on drugs D. Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people

D. Dependent clingers, manipulative help-rejecters, demanders, and self-destructive deniers

Identify from the following the four troublesome behavior patterns that have been identified by Groves in describing patients who arouse negative feelings in counselors. A. Borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent B. Acting out, acting in, shutting down, and shutting out C. Help seekers, help destroyers, help scavengers, and help requesters D. Dependent clingers, manipulative help-rejecters, demanders, and self-destructive deniers

A. All of these

Identify the factor described by John Gottman in his description of "the four horsemen of the apocalypse of marriages." A. All of these B. Withdrawal C. Criticism D. Defensiveness

C. Withdrawal

Identify the first stage of alcohol/drug recovery. A. Honeymoon B. The Wall C. Withdrawal D. Adjustment

B. acceptable, attractive, and attainable.

In order for alternative activities to be successful, the alternative activities need to be: A. of short duration and attainable. B. acceptable, attractive, and attainable. C. outside the skill level and resources of an individual. D. consistent with the function of the drug it replaces.

B. reaching the point where individuals decide to do something about heir drug/alcohol use.

In the alcohol/drug recovery field, the term "hitting bottom" refers to: A. abusing crude versions of drugs such as rubbing alcohol. B. reaching the point where individuals decide to do something about their drug/alcohol use. C. living on skid row in the gutter. D. committing illegal activities in order to acquire drugs.

B. chronic depression.

In the context of a child growing up in an alcoholic home and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, survivor guilt can be evidenced by: A. sudden experience of a wall between the self and feelings. B. chronic depression. C. illusion of normalcy. D. lack of feelings during times of stress.

A. scaring

In the context of converting programs, _____ tactics are those where teachers emphasize the dangers of drug use to young people. A. scaring B. directing C. convincing D. preaching

B. trigger

In the context of cravings, a(n) _____ is a stimulus that has been repeatedly associated with the preparation for, anticipation of, or the actual use of alcohol/drugs. A. dependency B. trigger C. catharsis D. conflict

B. frequency

In the context of depression, _____ refers to how often one feels depressed. A. precipitation B. frequency C. duration D. regulation

D. cohesion

In the context of family system variables as described by Barnes, _____ is defined as the emotional bonding of family members toward each other. A. triangulation B. flexibility C. competence D. cohesion

D. flexibility

In the context of family system variables as described by Barnes, _____ is the family members' ability to alter family roles and rituals in response to situational stress. A. clarity B. competence C. triangulation D. flexibility

D. Detaching from the craving

In the context of relapse, which of the following is an effective way of coping with cravings? A. Looking at the urge from one's own perspective than as an external observer B. Internalizing the craving C. Sensitizing oneself to the triggers of the craving D. Detaching from the craving

D. Marital status

In the context of self as described in the Johari window, which of the following is an example of one's public self? A. Intrapersonal thoughts B. Family of origin issues C. Mistakes made in the past or present D. Marital status

A. Positive values

In the context of the developmental assets model, identify the asset category to which the assets integrity, honesty, and restraint belong. A. Positive values B. Support C. Boundaries and expectations D. Personal identity

A. Set

In the context of the major components involved in alcohol and drug use, _____ refers to the psychological and emotional frame of mind of a person when using alcohol/drugs. A. Set B. Environment C. Interaction D. Contact

C. Bars and parties

In the context of triggers that invoke cravings among recovering alcoholics, which of the following is an example of a place being used as a trigger? A. A drug dealer's car number B. Large amounts of cash C. Bars and parties D. Periods of unemployment

B. They need a great deal of "attention."

In the context of troublesome behavior patterns identified by Groves in describing patients who arouse negative feelings in counselors, identify a feature of dependent clingers. A. They seem to enjoy defeating recovery efforts. B. They need a great deal of "attention." C. They try to intimidate and devalue the counselors. D. They hardly express gratitude toward their therapist.

C. They have given up hope to have their needs met.

In the context of troublesome behavior patters identified by Groves in describing patients who arouse negative feelings in counselors, identify a feature of self-destructive deniers. A. They express gratitude towards their therapist. B. They try to intimidate and devalue their counselors. C. They have given up hope to have their needs met. D. They need a great deal of "attention."

D. Vernon Johnson

Intervention services began as a strategy to avoid waiting until the alcoholic/addict "hit bottom." Who is credited with coming up with this strategy? A. Hazelden B. Salvador Minuchin C. Lois Wilson D. Vernon Johnson

A. an increased need for sleep.

Manic episodes of bipolar disorder are characterized by all EXCEPT A. an increased need for sleep. B. pressured speech. C. grandiosity. D. excessive spending.

A. Chronic overeating.

Methamphetamine users have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Chronic overeating. B. compulsive cleaning C. sudden and violent behavior. D. Paranoia

B. motivation

Miller and Rollnick described _____ as a state of readiness or eagerness to change. A. cognition B. motivation C. confidence D. interaction

D. It comes from within

One aspect of Sense of Self is that A. It is more static B. It is passive C. It comes from external sources D. It comes from within

A. having problems with teachers at school.

Parents do not need to catch their children "red handed" in order to determine a possible problem with alcohol/drugs. All of the following are physical signs of a problem EXCEPT: A. having problems with teachers at school. B. increase in activity. C. Fatigue. D. moodiness.

C. distract the intervention group from the goals of the intervention.

Participants in an intervention need to guard against the alcoholic/addict's exceptional ability to: A. be aggressive towards their family members and peers. B. speak at length about heir alcohol/drug problem. C. distract the intervention group from the goals of the intervention. D. assemble a bottom-line script.

D. All but option "improved social interactions"

Potential consequences of college student drinking include: A. Property damage B. Improved social interactions C. Hate-related violence D. All but option "improved social interactions"

C. agoraphobia

Strack (1985) identified five major factors in adolescent abuse of drugs - using PEACE mnemonic - which include all of the following EXCEPT A. escape B. curiosity C. agoraphobia D. emptiness

C. Self-Medication Motive

Taking narcotics to numb or shut out pain is an example of A. Social Learning Theory B. Family Model C. Self-Medication Motive D. Drug use as symbolic seduction

D. confronting the alcoholic in a strong way.

The "Nondirective" part of motivational interviewing, OARS, includes all of the following suggestions EXCEPT: A. asking open-ended questions. B. summarizing what the client has said. C. encouraging a client to talk about what's important to him. D. confronting the alcoholic in a strong way.

B. get the addicted person to recognize his problem and then get that person into treatment.

The "primary" goal of an alcohol/drug intervention is to: A. provide an opportunity for family members to set boundaries. B. get the addicted person to recognize his problem and then get that person into treatment. C. create awareness among family members and the alcoholic/addict. D. provide an opportunity for those who care about he alcoholic/addict to express their feelings.

B. Social-cultural perspective

The ... is held by most social agencies and institutions in the United States. A. Psychosocial perspective B. Social-cultural perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Moral-legal perspective

D. Disease model

The 12-step approach is based on the A. Addictive Personality B. Genetic Model C. Self-Medication Motive D. Disease model

A. establish healthy "rituals" in their own family.

The Wolins' work on resiliency has determined that some children of alcoholics grow up free of drinking because they: A. establish healthy "rituals" in their own family. B. blame parents for everything and accept none of the responsibility. C. have grandparents to help them when parents cannot. D. predominantly work on their weaknesses rather than their strengths.

C. 1980s

The adult children of alcoholics (ACA) movement took root in the _____ A. 2000s B. 1960s C. 1980s D. 1970s

A. there is a lack of solid clinical research and theoretical foundation on which to base decisions for treatment.

The adult children of alcoholics (ACA) movement was extremely popular and was helpful for many adults. However, Stephanie Brown cautioned that: A. there is a lack of solid clinical research and theoretical foundation on which to base decisions for treatment. B. there needs to be a radical social reform movement. C. research should focus on the alcoholic family system. D. there is a "prairie fire of interest" as evidenced by all the workshops.

B. Synergism

The combined effect of two or more drugs that is greater than the effect of each agent added together is A. Tolerance B. Synergism C. Antagonism D. Potency

C. by Emperor Shen Nung in China in 2737 B.C.

The earliest known historical reference to marijuana use was: A. by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1611, who was ordered to grow hemp by the British. B. by the Scythians in the 2nd Century B.C., who used it in funeral rites. C. by Emperor Shen Nung in China in 2737 B.C. D. in 1765 by George Washington at Mt. Vernon.

B. dry drunk

The expression _____ refers to an alcoholic/addict who is abstaining from alcohol/drug use but either is unaware of other behavioral, personality, and relationship problems or is choosing not to address these maladaptive behaviors. A. ambiguous alcoholic B. dry drunk C. hitting bottom D. hitting ceiling

D. discussing at-risk factors of alcohol/drug dependence and addiction.

The following are examples of interventions during the experimentation stage EXCEPT: A. educating about alcohol/drug prevention and family systems. B. teaching and modeling skills in coping with conflicts, dealing with authority figures, and controlling destructive impulses. C. providing information about chemical dependence and addiction. D. discussing at-risk factors of alcohol/drug dependence and addiction.

A. Moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural

The four primary perspectives of substance abuse are: A. Moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural B. Individual, group, family, and school C. Public, private, personal, and professional D. Legal, illegal, psychoactive, and non-psychoactive

C. leveling

The healthy style of functional communication as described by Virginia Satir is ______ A. sarcasm B. harmonious C. leveling D. placating

A. Open-ended, affirmation, reflecting, and summarizing

The non-directive motivational interview is symbolized by OARS. What does OARS stand for? A. Open-ended, affirmation, reflecting, and summarizing B. Openness, attitude, rehearsal, and sharing C. Open, alive, real, and sincere D. Operational, attitude, rehearsal, and success

D. Psychosocial perspective

The perspective that focuses on prevention, early intervention, and treatment of drug problems is best described as the: A. Medical-psychological perspective B. Bio-social perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Psychosocial perspective

D. precontemplative

The stage of change in motivational interviewing when a therapist raises doubt and increases a client's perception of risks and problems is called the _____ stage. A. maintenance relapse B. relapse prevention C. determination D. precontemplative

D. assessment, preintervention, intervention, and postintervention.

The stages of a formal intervention in order are: A. assessment, preintervention, intervention, and debriefing. B. assessment, confrontation, preintervention, and intervention. C. preintervention, assessment, intervention, and postintervention. D. assessment, preintervention, intervention, and postintervention.

C. Genetic Model of Alcoholism

The text discussed the role of Adoption and Twin Studies in research for A. Conditioning B. Social Learning Theory C. Genetic Model of Alcoholism D. Family Therapy

B. non-judgmental

The tone of a successful intervention is A. ambivalent B. non-judgmental C. accusatory D. digressive

D. help establish safety and trust in relationships.

The ultimate goal of teaching compassion is to: A. learn that race and ethnicity are the same. B. reiterate that within-group differences matter more than between-group differences. C. emphasize the importance of viewing shame as a purely external threat. D. help establish safety and trust in relationships.

A. Tension-reduction Theory

This highly researched theory involves homeostasis, used as a form of stress relief. A. Tension-reduction Theory B. Existential Issues C. Social Learning Theory D. Conditioning

B. Family Model

This is the most emphasized model throughout the book. It looks at factors that increase probability of developing alcoholism and drug addiction. A. Addictive Personality B. Family Model C. Psychodynamic Models D. Tension-Reduction Theory

D. Psychoanalytic Models

This model looks at drug use as having both conscious and unconscious meaning: A. Family Model B. Modern Freud Theory C. Social Learning Theory D. Psychoanalytic Models

B. Conditioning

This theory/model involves strong reinforcing factor from use which becomes memorable. This can be particularly true in early use experiences. A. Genetic model B. Conditioning C. Addictive personality D. Pleasure principle

A. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Tim Cermak (1984) compared growing up in an alcoholic family as analogous to _____. A. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) B. a mood disorder C. Asperger's syndrome D. motion sickness

A. Substance abuse and substance dependence

What are the two major categories that are divided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)? A. Substance abuse and substance dependence B. Excessive use and periodic use C. Drug problem and alcohol problem D. Drug addiction and alcoholism

D. emotional detachment.

When an adult child learns to avoid shame-based messages and does not get emotionally hooked by displaying anger, rage, or lack of emotional control, it is referred to as: A. improved interpersonal communication. B. second-order change. C. learning to "walk the walk." D. emotional detachment.

D. Tolerance

When an individual requires increasingly larger doses of a drug to achieve the desired optimal effect, it is known as _____. A. Dependence B. Withdrawal C. Synergism D. Tolerance

D. Compulsion

Which component of the behavioral definition of addiction is primarily indicated when drug users think about alcohol and drugs in a vicious negative cycle? A. Consequence B. Control C. Curiosity D. Compulsion

C. HALTS

Which of the following acronyms is used in the text to assist clients in dealing with relapse potential? A. FRAMES B. SHINS C. HALTS D. OARS

B. Anger + shame

Which of the following affect-shame binds results in rage? A. Too much kindness B. Anger + shame C. Joy + Fear D. Joy + Shame

C. Primary prevention

Which of the following assumes that an individual has never tried drugs or alcohol and enforces a no-use norm by building positive self-esteem? A. Tertiary prevention B. Intermediate prevention C. Primary prevention D. Secondary prevention

B. All of these are correct

Which of the following best defines an enabling behavior? A. It is to have an unhealthy doing for B. All of these are correct C. It is to "kill with kindness" D. It is to take responsibility for someone's lack of responsibility.

C. You create and explore awareness of and relationship to thoughts.

Which of the following concepts does mindfulness-based relapse prevention include? A. Once you fall off the wagon, there is no getting back up. B. Everyone hits rock bottom. C. You create and explore awareness of and relationship to thoughts. D. Relapses are usually planned.

A. All of these

Which of the following curative factors as described by Irvin D. Yalom makes group psychotherapy an effective process? A. All of these B. Instilling hope C. Sharing catharsis D. Imparting information

A. Sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to be classified as alcoholics at an earlier age than their peers

Which of the following did Goodwin's adoption studies indicate? A. Sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to be classified as alcoholics at an earlier age than their peers B. Daughters of alcoholic foster parents had higher rates of alcoholism C. Sons of nonalcoholic foster parents had lower rates of alcoholism D. Daughters of nonalcoholic foster parents had higher rates of alcoholism

A. Coping skills

Which of the following did successful prevention approaches in the 1980s include? A. Coping skills B. Converting approaches C. Pharmacological education D. Drug-specific information

D. General school populations

Which of the following do prevention programs based on empowerment generally target? A. Minorities B. At-risk youth C. Families D. General school populations

C. Cocaine

Which of the following drugs became a rage in the 80s and was initially thought to produce only psychological dependence? A. Heroin B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. LSD

B. Boredom

Which of the following has been most often cited as a major factor in alcohol/drug abuse by adolescents as well as adults? A. None of these B. Boredom C. Low self-esteem D. Psychiatric illness

C. Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following has the strongest relationship with substance abuse? A. Schizotypal personality disorder B. Passive-aggressive personality disorder C. Antisocial personality disorder D. Histrionic personality disorder

B. It is a group of illnesses

Which of the following is Devor's description of alcoholism? A. It is a dual-disordered disease with psycho social influences B. It is a group of illnesses C. It is a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional illness than can be treated with medication D. It is a single disease that progresses with time

A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is NOT considered a mood or an affective disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)? A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Bipolar disorder C. Cyclothymic disorder D. Major depression

A. All of these

Which of the following is a behavioral characteristic of adult children of alcoholics (ACA)? A. All of these B. Addiction to excitement C. Difficulty relaxing D. All-or-none, black-or-white thinking

D. Feeling helpless, powerless, with no way out

Which of the following is a characteristic of a shameful experience? A. Having complete faith in the ability to perceive things properly B. Experiencing self-actualization C. Making decisions without any self-doubt D. Feeling helpless, powerless, with no way out

D. Their behavior toward their children is intended to make the children feel accepted.

Which of the following is a characteristic of supportive parents? A. They are highly rigid and authoritarian. B. They ensure that their children learn that shame is a purely exterior process. C. Their children are highly likely to be involved with drugs. D. Their behavior toward their children is intended to make the children feel accepted.

B. Serenity prayer

Which of the following is a familiar and an extremely valuable relapse-prevention technique that can be easily invoked and is often used in the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) approach? A. "What comes around goes around" B. Serenity prayer C. Rational recuperation D. "You must be taking care of number one"

D. He or she responds with action when prepared.

Which of the following is a feature of an individual who is most likely to be recovery-prone? A. He or she refuses to ask for help when in trouble. B. He or she shows compulsive behavior. C. He or she evades or denies new problems. D. He or she responds with action when prepared.

C. He or she evades or denies new problems.

Which of the following is a feature of an individual who is most likely to be relapse-prone? A. He or she asks for help. B. He or she recognizes that a problem exists. C. He or she evades or denies new problems. D. He or she detaches to gain perspective.

A. Increased experience of personal and interpersonal issues

Which of the following is a feature of the wall stage of alcohol/drug recovery? A. Increased experience of personal and interpersonal issues B. Return to normal behavior C. High energy levels D. Excessive work or play

B. Ability to remain sober for a longer durataion

Which of the following is a key feature of the adjustment stage of alcohol/drug recovery? A. Inability to prioritize B. Ability to remain sober for a longer duration C. Increased need for sleep D. High energy levels

A. Imbalanced lifestyle

Which of the following is an example of an environmental cause for alcoholics to relapse? A. Imbalanced lifestyle B. Diminished hope C. Personality issue D. Existential despair

D. Illegal activity

Which of the following is an externalizing problem in the context of treating co-occurring disorders in adolescents? A. Narcissism B. Anxiety C. Suicidal thoughts D. Illegal activity

D. All of these

Which of the following is described in chapter twelve as a "curative factor" in group therapy? A. Sharing catharsis B. Instilling hope C. Fostering altruism D. All of these

D. Redistribution of family tasks

Which of the following is not a stage in the family's adjustment to dealing with substance abuse problems? A. Separation in roles, escape B. Reorganization without the addict/alcoholic C. Denial and minimizing D. Redistribution of family taks

A. Social pressure

Which of the following is often cited as a reason for resuming cigarette smoking? A. Social pressure B. Family pressure C. Expense D. Religious reasons

A. Overly rigid

Which of the following is one of the major forms of boundary inadequacy according to Coleman and Colgan? A. Overly rigid B. Flexible C. Decisive D. Empathy

D. Feedback

Which of the following is part of the mnemonic FRAMES as developed by Miller and Rollnick? A. Management B. Self-doubt C. Accountability D. Feedback

A. The moral-legal perspective

Which of the following is primarily the viewpoint of law enforcement and the criminal justice system? A. The moral-legal perspective B. The psychosocial perspective C. The socio-cultural perspective D. The medical-health perspective

A. Try to be cam, balanced, and caring.

Which of the following is the best way to handle emotions while dealing with someone who has an alcohol problem? A. Try to be calm, balanced, and caring. B. Use sarcasm and ridicule the person to shame him into wanting to quit. C. Isolate from others so they don't know the extent of the person's problem. D. Ask why the person is using alcohol/drugs.

B. Addiction

Which of the following is the last stage in alcohol/drug use? A. Integrated use B. Addiction C. Excessive use D. Intermittent contact

C. It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs

Which of the following is true of alcohol? A. It is not a drug B. It is a central nervous system stimulant C. It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs D. It is the least commonly used drug

A. It is cocaine without its hydrochloride component.

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine? A. It is cocaine without its hydrochloride component. B. None of these C. It is primarily composed of cocaine hydrochloride. D. It is a non-smokable form of cocaine.

A. It is a depressive syndrome that may occur as a single episode or as repeated episodes over the years.

Which of the following is true of major depression? A. It is a depressive syndrome that may occur as a single episode or as repeated episodes over the years. B. The episodes of major depression last for a maximum period of two weeks. C. It is a mood disorder of longer term than dysthymic disorder. D. It is found more often with co-occurring substance abuse than any other type of affective disorders.

C. Their values are predominantly black or white, right or wrong.

Which of the following is true of rigid family systems? A. They have relaxed interpretation of rules with many exceptions. B. The communication system is circular and non-hierarchical. C. Their values are predominantly black or white, right or wrong. D. The drugs of choice in these family systems are primarily hallucinogens and marijuana.

D. All of these

Which of the following mechanisms of intervention is used at stages 5 and 6 of the alcohol/drug use continuum? A. Intensive outpatient counseling for chemical dependence & family issues B. Formal alcohol/drug intervention C. Alcohol/drug assessment D. All of these

C. Being a lifeguard on a crowded beach, knowing you cannot swim, and not telling anyone for fear of panic

Which of the following metaphors did Timmen Cermak use to describe codependency? A. An investment of self-esteem in the ability to control the self and others B. Feeling like you are out to sea without a life preserver C. Being a lifeguard on a crowded beach, knowing you cannot swim, and not telling anyone for fear of panic D. Lacking independent action, thinking, and achievement

B. The family has begun the process of change.

Which of the following reasons makes interventions 100 percent effective, regardless of whether an alcoholic decides to get help and treatment? A. The alcoholic admits he might have a little problem. B. The family has begun the process of change. C. An interventionist gets paid. D. All family members get a chance to complain.

B. An interventionist attempts to clarify the dimensions of the problem with alcohol/drugs.

Which of the following statements is most true of the assessment stage of a formal intervention process? A. An interventionist gives family members information about the dynamics of chemical dependency. B. An interventionist attempts to clarify the dimensions of the problem with alcohol/drugs. C. Group members develop their scripts and role-play their intervention. D. People make notes of the 30-day inpatient program after an intervention is completed.

A. Colorado

Which of the following states has enacted recreational use marijuana laws? A. Colorado B. Arkansas C. Georgia D. Mississippi

D. All of these

Which of the following styles has been described by Harriet Lerner for managing anxiety in a family? A. Pursuers B. Blamers C. Distancers D. All of these

B. Attempting to control

Which of the following styles of enabling behavior includes trying to buy things in an attempt to divert the addict from drug use? A. Pursuing and distancing B. Attempting to control C. Rationalizing and avoiding D. Avoiding and shielding

B. Attend Al-Anon, Codependency Anonymous, or other self-help meetings.

Which of the following suggestions, as listed under "Dos and Don'ts" (Table 9.1) in chapter nine, are to be followed in dealing with someone who has an alcohol/drug problem? A. Attempt to provide counseling for the alcoholic/addict yourself. B. Attend Al-Anon, Codependency Anonymous, or other self-help meetings. C. Threaten to make ultimatums such as "I am moving out tomorrow if you don't get help." D. Isolate from others and hide the family alcohol/drug problem.

B. Generalized and blaming statement

Which of the following types of statements is exemplified when an individual says, "You are an awful mother to me. All you ever wanted to do was drink wine with your friends. I could never invite my friends over because they would be too embarrassed to look at you drunk all the time."? A. Behavior-specific statement B. Generalized and blaming statement C. Diversionary statement D. Alcoholic/addict distracting statement

B. To replace the term dysfunctional with the term imbalanced

Which of the following was suggested by Richard Fields? A. To use the term functional and abusive B. To replace the term dysfunctional with the term imbalanced C. To describe all families as acting dysfunctional D. To use the term dysfunctional only with extremely abusive families

C. William Miller and Stephen Rollnick

Who developed a form of intervention known as motivational interviewing? A. Robert Ackerman B. Tim Cermak C. William Miller and Stephen Rollnick D. Irving Yalom and Marilyn Mason

B. Nathan Ackerman

Who first coined the term "dysfunctional" family? A. Virginia Satir B. Nathan Ackerman C. Carl Whitaker D. None of these

D. Borderline personality disorder

_____ is a personality disorder that has a marked instability of mood and is characterized by intense interpersonal attachments. A. Antisocial personality disorder B. Narcissistic personality disorder C. Delusional personality disorder D. Borderline personality disorder

B. Narcissistic personality disorder

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. A. Major depressive disorder B. Narcissistic personality disorder C. Borderline personality disorder D. Delusional personality disorder

A. Ambivalence

_____ is defined as feeling two ways about something, being in conflict between the pros and cons of the status quo (or the pros and cons of changing). A. Ambivalence B. Individuation C. Overattachment D. Triangulation

B. Set

_____ refers to an individual's state of mind at the time of drug use. A. Compulsion B. Set C. Control D. Setting