Summary cards ch 18

Your patient has recently completed her first round of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. When reviewing this morning's blood work, what findings would be suggestive of myelosuppression?

Decreased platelets and red blood cells

During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior?

Progression

A client receiving treatment for a terminal illness develops cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS). Which interventions will the nurse add to this client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Suggest foods that are high in calories and protein. Remove unpleasant sights and odors before meals. Limit the intake of fluids during meals.

Chemotherapy has been used for the past 3 months to treat a client with pancreatic cancer. The CA 19-9 levels are rising. Which explanation would the nurse attribute as the most likely cause?

The cancer is growing despite the chemotherapy treatment

A 16-year-old female patient experiences alopecia resulting from chemotherapy, prompting the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and situational low self-esteem. What action by the patient would best indicate that she is meeting the goal of improved body image and self-esteem?

The patient requests that her family bring her makeup and wig. L

Based on the understanding of the effects of chemotherapy, the nurse would anticipate which clinical finding in a client 2 weeks after therapy?

fever

A decrease in circulating white blood cells is

leukopenia

During a routine physical examination, a client confides that he is terrified of developing prostate cancer like his father. What are the warning signs of prostate cancer? Select all that apply.

weak and interrupted urine flow continuous pain in the lower back pain in the upper thighs

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a platelet count of 30,000/mm3. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?

"I floss my teeth every morning."

A client is recovering from a craniotomy with tumor debulking. Which comment by the client indicates to the nurse a correct understanding of what the surgery entailed?

"I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor."

Which statement by a client undergoing external radiation therapy indicates the need for further teaching?

"I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."

The clinic nurse is caring for a patient whose grandmother and sister have both had breast cancer. She requested a screening test to determine her risk of developing breast cancer and it has come back positive. The patient asks you what she can do to help prevent breast cancer from occurring. What would be your best response?

"Research has shown that taking the drug tamoxifen can reduce your chance of breast cancer."

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia

"The hair loss is usually temporary."

After a bone marrow transplant (BMT), the client should be monitored for at least

100 days

Following a bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the patient should be monitored for at least:

3 months

An oncology client has just returned from the postanesthesia care unit after an open hemicolectomy. This client's plan of nursing care should prioritize which of the following?

Assess the client's wound for dehiscence every 4 hours.

A client is receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer. Which intervention should be part of this client's care plan?

Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas

Which should a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a bone marrow transplant (BMT) procedure?

Blood studies

The nurse is providing education to a client with cancer radiation treatment options. The nurse determines that the client understands the teaching when the client states that which type of radiation aims to protect healthy tissue during the treatment?

Brachytherapy

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a 75-year-old client who has just relocated to the long-term care facility. During the nurse's interview with the client, the client admitsdrinking around 600 mL (20 oz) of vodka every evening. What types of cancer does this put the client at risk for? Select all that apply.

Breast cancer Esophageal cancer Liver cancer

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old client who has just received stem cell transplantation as treatment for his leukemia. What post-procedural intervention should the nurse perform?

Closely monitor client for at least three months

Which intervention should the nurse teach a client who is at risk for hypercalcemia?

Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily.

Which of the following is a type of procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue and cause cell destruction?

Cryosurgery

The drug interleukin-2 is an example of which type of biologic response modifier

Cytokine

Which of the following can be considered carcinogens?

Dietary substance

When discussing with a client factors that distinguish malignant cells from benign cells of the same tissue type, which characteristic should the nurse mention

Different proteins in the cell membrane

While administering cisplatin to a client, the nurse assesses swelling at the insertion site. What is the nurse's first action?

Discontinue the intravenous medication

A client being treated for breast cancer reports pain as being 7 on a scale from 0 to 10. Which type of pain indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing lymph obstruction from the disease?

Dull, aching, tightness

A client who is receiving chemotherapy for esophageal cancer complains of "feeling sick to my stomach all the time." What is the best suggestion the nurse can make to help alleviate this client's nausea?

Eat low-fat foods

What intervention should the nurse provide to reduce the incidence of renal damage when a patient is taking a chemotherapy regimen?

Enc'ourage fluid intake to dilute the urine.

A patient will be having an endoscopic procedure with a diagnostic biopsy. What type of biopsy does the nurse explain will remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue?

Excisional biopsy

A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with internal radiation therapy. What would the nurse's priority responsibility be for this patient?

Explain to the patient that she will continue to emit radiation while the implant is in place.

The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action?

Extravasation

A client is scheduled for a nerve-sparing prostatectomy. The emotional spouse confides in the nurse that the client will not talk about the cancer and/or upcoming surgery. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse choose as primary diagnosis for this client?

Fear

The nurse is caring for a thyroid cancer client following oral radioactive iodine treatment. Which teaching point is most important?

Flush the toilet several times after every use.

What can the nurse do to meet the challenges in caring for a patient with cancer?

Identify own perception of cancer and set realistic goals.

The human body is an amazing mechanism with multiple compensatory mechanisms and built-in protection against invasion. One of these systems is the immune system which is a major factor in the prevention or development of cancer. Which of the following is a weapon in the immune system "arsenal"?

Immune suppression

A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?

Indigestion

While completing an admission assessment, the client reports a family history of breast cancer among a maternal grandmother, aunt, and sister. The nurse knows that these cancers are mostlikely associated with what etiology?

Inherited gene mutation

When caring for an older client who is receiving external beam radiation, which is the key point for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care?

Inspect the skin frequently.

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer who is treating her cancer with deep-tissue massage in addition to radiation therapy. The nurse documents the use of which therapy on the client's chart?

Integrative medicine

An oncology client will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another?

Invading healthy host tissues

Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor?

It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels.

What disadvantages of chemotherapy should the patient be informed about prior to starting the regimen?

It targets normal body cells as well as cancer cells.

A patient will be receiving radiation for 6 weeks for the treatment of breast cancer and asks the nurse why it takes so long. What is the best response by the nurse?

It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue."

A client with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?

Limit the time that visitors spend at the client's bedside.

A nurse who works in an oncology clinic is assessing a client who has arrived for a 2-month follow-up appointment following chemotherapy. The nurse notes that the client's skin appears yellow. Which blood tests should be done to further explore this clinical sign

Liver function tests (LFTs)

The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor which of the following in a client who has just undergone a stem cell transplant? L

Monitor the client closely to prevent infection.

A client with a diagnosis of gastric cancer has been unable to tolerate oral food and fluid intake and her tumor location rules out the use of enteral feeding. What intervention will best meet this client's nutritional needs?

Parenteral nutrition given via a peripherally inserted central catheter

A nurse is receiving a client with a radioactive implant for the treatment of cervical cancer. What is the nurse's best action?

Place the client in a private room

Which of the following laboratory findings, would be identified by the nurse as the greatest risk for a cancer client scheduled for implantable port?

Platelet count 98,000/mm3

Which nursing action best demonstrates primary cancer prevention?

Promoting and providing vaccines

A patient is admitted for an excisional biopsy of a breast lesion. What intervention should the nurse provide for the care of this patient?

Provide time for the patient to discuss her concerns.

Which of the following does a nurse have to assess during the bone marrow transplant (BMT) procedure?

Psychological status

You are giving a report in your pathophysiology class. The subject of your report is cancer cells. In differentiating between benign and malignant cells, what characteristics would you cite? Select all that apply.

Rate of growth Ability to cause death Ability to spread

A client was diagnosed with cancer several weeks ago and family members describe the client as "utterly distraught." The client has fully withdrawn from social and family contact. What is the nurse's best action?

Refer the client to the appropriate mental health provide

A public health nurse has formed an interdisciplinary team that is developing an educational program entitled Cancer: The Risks and What You Can Do About Them. Participants will receive information, but the major focus will be screening for relevant cancers. This program is an example of what type of health promotion activity?

Secondary prevention

The nurse knows that interferon agents are used in association with chemotherapy to produce which effects in the client?

Shorten the period of neutropenia

The nurse is caring for a client with a benign breast tumor. The tumor may have which characteristic?

Slow rate of growth

The public health nurse is presenting a health promotion class to a group at a local community center. Which intervention most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America?

Smoking cessation

A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding places the client at the greatest risk for an infection?

Stage 3 pressure ulcer on the left heel

A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Stomatitis

While a patient is receiving IV doxorubicin hydrochloride, the nurse observes that there is swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should:

Stop the administration of the drug immediately.

A client with cancer asks the nurse why he feels so fatigued. The best response would be:

Substances are released when tumor cells are destroyed.

The nursing instructor is discussing the difference between normal cells and cancer cells with the pre-nursing class in pathophysiology. What would the instructor cite as a characteristic of a cancer cell?

The cell membrane of malignant cells contains proteins called tumor-specific antigens.

What should the nurse tell a client who is about to begin chemotherapy and is anxious about hair loss?

The client should consider getting a wig or cap prior to beginning treatment

A client with a 4-cm breast mass is scheduled for biopsy with frozen section followed by lumpectomy and possible mastectomy. The client asks the nurse, "Why can't the doctor tell me specifically whether I will need to have my entire breast removed"? Which is the best response from the nurse?

The frozen section will determine presence of cancer and type of surgery required."

Which statement is true about malignant tumors?

They gain access to the blood and lymphatic channels.

Which nursing interventions are most important when implementing care for a client receiving temporary internal sealed radiation therapy? Select all that apply.

Time, distance, and shielding Count wires, threads, or needles every shift Avoid standing in direct path of implants.

The home health nurse is performing a home visit for an oncology client discharged three days ago after completing chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The nurse's priorityassessment should include examination for the signs and symptoms of which complication?

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

The client is diagnosed with a benign brain tumor. Which of the following features of a benign tumor is of most concern to the nurse?

Tumor pressure against normal tissues

Which instructions are necessary for a client receiving systemic internal radiation therapy who is being discharged? Select all that apply.

Wash hands carefully following toileting. Use separate towels. Wash laundry separately.

Which of the following would be inconsistent as a common side effect of chemotherapy

Weight gain

A client with advanced cancer makes the following comment to the nurse: "Why are you bathing me? I am going to die no matter what." What is the most appropriate response of the nurse

Would you like to talk about what you are feeling?"

An adult client with leukemia will soon begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?

ad'minister an antiemetic

The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with cancer about chemotherapy. The nurse tells the client he'll receive an antitumor antibiotic. The nurse knows that this type of medications is

cell-cycle nonspecific.

The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer. The nurse should recommend the client change which lifestyle choice?

eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day

Which is a growth-based classification of tumors?

malignancy

According to the TNM classification system, T0 means there is

no evidence of primary tumor.

A client with ovarian cancer is ordered hydroxyurea, an antimetabolite drug. Antimetabolites are a diverse group of antineoplastic agents that interfere with various metabolic actions of the cell. What mechanism of action do antimetabolites interferes with?

normal cellular processes during the S phase of the cell cycle

A client with a recent history of GI disturbance has been scheduled for a barium study. The physician ordered this particular test for this client because it will:

show movement of the GI tract.

A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are used to treat cancer? Select all that apply.

surgery hyperthermia radiation therapy chemotherapy

The results of a 22-year-old college student's most recent Papanicolaou (Pap) test are suggestive of cervical cancer. Since learning of this news, the patient has asked numerous questions of all members of the health care team, including the nurses at the campus medical clinic. What patient teaching should the nurse at the clinic prioritize in this patient's care?

the relationship between viruses and cervical cancer

A client returns for the results of diagnostic testing for metastasized brain cancer. The client has been battling this disease for more than 30 years and has become symptomatic. The latest diagnostic study, a CT scan, reveals the extent of the malignancy. What information can be gleaned from a CT scan? Select all that apply.

tumor density, shape, size blood vessels feeding the tumor

A client is diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The physician orders mitomycin and other chemotherapeutic agents for palliative treatment. How does mitomycin exert its cytotoxic effects?

It inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.

The nurse is caring for a client undergoing an incisional biopsy. Which statement does the nurse understand to be true about an incisional biopsy?

It removes a wedge of tissue for diagnosis.

Which type of surgery is used in an attempt to relieve complications of cancer?

Palliative

A computed tomography (CT) scan has detected a "spot" on a patient's liver, and a subsequent liver biopsy has revealed cancer and been submitted for staging and grading. The patient has asked you about the purpose of staging, stating that her oncologist's explanation left her somewhat confused. How could you best respond to this patient's question?

Staging allows the care team to determine how large and extensive your tumor is."

'A newly diagnosed cancer client is crying and states the following to the nurse: "I promised God that I will be a better person if I can just get better." What is the appropriate assessment of this comment by the nurse?

The cancer is viewed as a punishment from past actions.

The clinic nurse is caring for a 42-year-old male oncology patient. He complains of extreme fatigue and weakness after his first week of radiation therapy. What response by the nurse would best reassure this patient?

These symptoms usually result from radiation therapy; however, we will continue to monitor your laboratory and X-ray studies."

The physician is attending to a 72-year-old client with a malignant brain tumor. The physician recommends immediate radiation therapy. What is a reason for the physician's recommendation?

To prevent the formation of new cancer cells

A young female client has received chemotherapeutic medications and asks about any effects the treatments will have related to her sexual health. The most appropriate statement by the nurse is

You will need to practice birth control measures.

The nurse is teaching a client about carcinogens. What carcinogens does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

dietary substances environmental factors viruses chemical agents defective genes hormone replacement therapy

The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply.

dietary substancesenvironmental factorsviruses

A nurse is administering daunorubicin through a peripheral I.V. line when the client complains of burning at the insertion site. The nurse notes no blood return from the catheter and redness at the I.V. site. The client is most likely experiencing which complication?

extravasation

The nurse is working with a client who has had an allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The nurse notices a diffuse rash and diarrhea. The nurse contacts the physician to report that the client has symptoms of

graft-versus-host disease.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women?

lung and colon

Which term is a growth-based classification of tumors?

malignant

A client receives a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. This means that the client has a:

malignant tumor.

A client returns to the surgeon's office for a report on a diagnostic procedure to determine the cell composition of the client's abdominal neoplasm. Which terms are significant to indicate the likelihood of the tumor spreading? Select all that apply.

neoplasm benign angiogenesis

An oncologist advises a client with an extensive family history of breast cancer to consider a mastectomy. What type of surgery would the nurse include in teaching?

prophylactic

The nurse is caring for a client with a newly discovered tumor that may be benign or malignant. The client asks, "What makes a malignant tumor different from a benign one?" What should the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply.

"The cells of the tumor bear little resemblance to the cells in the tissue where the tumor started." "It grows by invasion and infiltrates the surrounding tissues."

While doing a health history, a client tells the nurse that their mother, grandmother, and sister died of cancer. The client wants to know what to do to keep from getting cancer. What would be the nurse's best response?

"You can't prevent cancer, but you can have your blood analyzed for tumor markers to see what your risk level is."

The client has finished the first round of chemotherapy. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?

'I can continue taking my vitamins and herbs because they make me feel better."

The hospice nurse has just admitted a new client to the program. What principle guides hospice care?

Care addresses the needs of the client as well as the needs of the family.

What foods should the nurse suggest that the patient consume less of in order to reduce nitrate intake because of the possibility of carcinogenic action?

Ham and bacon

A client receiving radiation therapy develops wet desquamation of the area. Which intervention(s) will the nurse add to the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Apply silver sulfadiazine cream as prescribed.

Which type of vaccine uses the client's own cancer cells, which are killed and prepared for injection back into the client?

Autologous

Which type of vaccine uses the client's own cancer cells, which are killed and prepared for injection back into the client?.

Autologous

According to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system, T0 means there is

No evidence of primary tumor

After being seen in the oncology clinic, a client with severe bone marrow suppression is admitted to the hospital. The client's cancer therapy consisted of radiation and chemotherapy. When developing the care plan for this client, which nursing diagnosis takes priority?

Risk for infection

Which of the following advice does the nurse offer clients who are undergoing unsealed radiation therapy to reduce exposure?

Avoid kissing and sexual contact.

A side-effect of chemotherapy is renal damage. To prevent this, the nurse should:

Encourage fluid intake, if possible, to dilute the urine.

A client with terminal small-cell lung cancer has been given a six-month prognosis and wants to die at home. The health care team believes the condition warrants inpatient care. The nursemight suggest which compromise?

Discuss a referral for hospice care.

You are a nurse working on a bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit. Your patient is scheduled to receive a bone marrow transplant. What information will you provide to the patient's visitors

Do not visit if they've had a recent infection.

A 16-year-old female client has post-chemotherapy alopecia. This prompts the nursing diagnoses of Disturbed Body Image and Situational Low Self-Esteem. Which response by the client would best indicate improved coping related to these diagnoses?

Requests that her family bring her makeup and wig

The nurse on a bone marrow transplant unit is caring for a client with cancer who has just begun hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client?

Risk for infection related to altered immunologic response

A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents?

Wear disposable gloves and protective clothing.

A nurse is performing a home visit for a client who received chemotherapy within the past 24 hours. The nurse observes a small child playing in the bathroom, where the toilet lid has been left up. Based on these observations, the nurse modifies the client's teaching plan to include:

chemotherapy exposure and risk factors.

A nurse is teaching a community class about how to decrease the risk of cancer. Which food should the nurse recommend?

Oranges

The nurse is caring for a client is scheduled for chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"I hope they find a bone marrow donor who matches."

The nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?

"I will brush my teeth after every meal."

A nurse is caring for a recently married, 29-year-old female client, who was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The client is preparing for an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Which statement by the client demonstrates she understands the informed consent she gave about the diagnosis and treatment?

"I'll only need chemotherapy treatment before receiving my bone marrow transplant."

A nurse is teaching a client who is receiving radiation treatment for left lower lobe lung cancer. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"I'll use hats to protect my head from the sun when my hair falls out."

An elderly client has been diagnosed with metastatic cancer and has a poor prognosis of survival. The family asks the nurse for advice on whether to tell the client of the diagnosis or to keep it quiet. Which is the best response from the nurse?

"In my experience, clients who know are more likely to be involved with their plan of care."

A client is struggling emotionally with a recent diagnosis of lung cancer. Which nursing interventions would be most effective in helping the client deal with these emotions? Select all that apply.

-Encourage the client to set goals for the future. -Assess the client's immediate support systems. -Teach the client to use relaxation techniques.

The client is scheduled for a breast lump excision and sentinel node biopsy. What should the nurse know in planning care for the client with a positive biopsy?

A wide excision of lump will be performed.

The nurse is describing some of the major characteristics of cancer to a client who has recently received a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When differentiating between benign and malignant cancer cells, the nurse should explain differences in which of the following aspects? Select all that apply.

Ability to spread Rate of growth Ability to cause death

A client is undergoing chemotherapy treatment for prostate cancer and has lost considerable weight due to nausea and vomiting. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for the client?

Adjusting the client's meal plan before and after chemotherapy

A nurse is administering a peripheral chemotherapeutic agent. What nursing actions are used for extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent? Select all that apply.

Administer an antidote, if indicated Aspirate any residual drug from the IV line Stop the medication infusion at the first sign of extravasation

A patient with a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is being treated with chemotherapy. During a previous round of chemotherapy, the patient's tumor responded well to treatment but the chemotherapy caused intense nausea and vomiting. How should the patient's potential nausea and vomiting be addressed during this current round of treatment?

Administer antiemetics in anticipation of the patient's nausea.

A 67-year-old client is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. The patient is white, married, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking a pack of cigarettes daily. What significant risk factors does the nurse recognize this patient has? Select all that apply.

Age Cigarette smoking Occupation

An oncology nurse is contributing to the care of a client who has failed to respond appreciably to conventional cancer treatments. As a result, the care team is considering the possible use of biologic response modifiers (BRMs). The nurse should know that these achieve a therapeutic effect by what means?

Altering the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the client

Which class of antineoplastic agents is cell cycle-specific?

Antimetabolites (5-FU)

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?

Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

The nurse is conducting a health education about cancer prevention to a group of adults. What menu best demonstrates dietary choices for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?

Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli

Mrs. Unger is a 53-year-old woman who was diagnosed with breast cancer following a process that began with abnormal screen mammography results. Mrs. Unger, her oncologist, and surgeon have agreed on a mastectomy as treatment and have discussed the importance of rigorously assessing whether her cancer has metastasized. What action will best detect possible metastasis of Mrs. Unger's breast cancer?

Biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes

The patient diagnosed with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following adverse effects:

Bleeding

A client undergoes a biopsy of a suspicious lesion. The biopsy report classifies the lesion according to the TNM staging system as follows: Tis, N0, M0. What does this classification mean?

Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis

A client diagnosed with cancer makes the following statement to the nurse: "I guess I will tell my health care provider to forego the chemotherapy. I do not want to be throwing up all the time. I would rather die." Which of the following facts supports the use of chemotherapy for this client?

Chemotherapy treatment can be adjusted to optimize effects while limiting adverse effects.

The nurse manager is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, which action should the nurse manager emphasize

Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle.

The nurse is preparing to assess a client whose chart documents that the client experienced extravasation when receiving the vesicant vincristine during the previous shift. The documentation also notes that an antidote was administered immediately. The nurse prepares to assess for which conditions? Select all that apply.

Effectiveness of the antidote Tissue necrosis Sloughing tissue

A client is receiving IV administration of the vesicant doxorubicin when the nurse detects signs of extravasation. After stopping administration, what nursing action would be taken to treat this complication?

Elevate and rest the extremity.

A client on the oncology unit is receiving carmustine, a chemotherapy agent, and the nurse is aware that a significant side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Which symptom should the nurse assess for in clients at risk for thrombocytopenia?

Epistaxis

A patient is to receive Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a nonspecific biologic response modifier. Why would the patient receive this form of treatment

For cancer of the bladder

A client diagnosed with cancer has the tumor staged and graded based on what factors?

How they tend to grow and the cell type

The nurse is caring for a client who is to begin receiving external radiation for a malignant tumor of the neck. While providing client education, what potential adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the client?

Impaired nutritional status

The nurse is admitting an oncology client to the unit prior to surgery. The nurse reads in the electronic health record that the client has just finished radiation therapy. With knowledge of the consequent health risks, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem?

Impaired wound healing

A client is hospitalized because a large abdominal tumor was seen on the computed tomography scan. A biopsy is ordered, and the client wants to know if "this will cause a big scar." Which type of biopsy will this client likely experience?

Incisional

When providing care for a client with stage IV cancer, the nurse knows to include which intervention in the plan of care?

Incorporating touching and listening

A nurse has agreed to draft a medication teaching plan for a patient who is taking the hormonal agent, Aromasin, an aromatase inhibitor for postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The nurse knows that a major teaching point is to tell the patient to:

Increase her intake of calcium-rich foods.

A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Lymphatic circulation

An oncology nurse educator is providing health education to a client who has been diagnosed with skin cancer. The client's wife has asked about the differences between normal cells and cancer cells. What characteristic of a cancer cell should the educator cite?

Malignant cells contain proteins called tumor-associated antigens.

The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?

Malignant tumor

The nurse is caring for a client with the diagnosis of colon cancer with metastasis to the liver. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the diagnosis?

My cancer has now spread to my liver."

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been told that stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the client the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?

Palliative

The nurse at the clinic explains to the patient that the surgeon will be removing a mole on the patient's back that has the potential to develop into cancer. The nurse informs the patient that this is what type of procedure?

Prophylactic

A woman with a family history of breast cancer received a positive result on a breast tumor marking test and is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of which type of oncologic surgery?

Prophylactic surgery

A client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis?

Red, open sores on the oral mucosa

Palliation refers to

Relief of symptoms of disease and promotion of comfort and quality of life.

The nurse recognizes which of the following alternative therapies as appropriate in the care of cancer clients? Select all that apply.

Reminiscing Hot and cold therapy

The nurse is caring for an adult client who has developed a mild oral yeast infection following chemotherapy. What actions should the nurse encourage the client to perform? Select all that apply.

Rinse the mouth with normal saline. Use a lip lubricant. Use dental floss every 24 hours.

A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer is scheduled for a partial mastectomy. The oncology nurse explained that the surgeon will want to take tissue samples to ensure the disease has not spread to adjacent axillary lymph nodes. The client has asked if she will have her lymph nodes dissected, like her mother did several years ago. What alternative to lymph node dissection will this client most likely undergo?

Sentinel node biopsy

The public health nurse is teaching a local community group about warning signs of cancer. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

Sores that do not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Persistent indigestion

A young client has been diagnosed with cancer that has metastasized to the lungs. During client education, the client's mother asks about tumor staging and its relation to her child's condition. What stage would the nurse expect this client's tumor to be assigned?

Stage IV

The nurse is invited to present a teaching program to parents of school-age children. Which topic would be of greatest value for decreasing cancer risks? L

Sun safety, sunscreen

A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given over an extended period because l

The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms

A client returns to the surgeon's office for a report on a diagnostic procedure to determine the cell composition of the client's abdominal neoplasm. Which term is significant to indicate the likelihood of the tumor spreading?

benign

The nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client receiving interstitial implants for prostate cancer. The nurse documents this as

brachytherapy

A client complains of unusual vaginal discharge and heavier, more painful periods than usual. This client's symptoms may be possible warning signs of which type of cancer?

cervical

The nurse understands that the client should be given human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine per the health care provider's orders. What does this vaccine help prevent?

cervical cancer

Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?

chemical agents

The nurse should teach the patient who is being radiated about protecting his skin and oral mucosa. An important teaching point would be to tell the patient to:

cleanse the skin with a mild soap, using his fingertips, not a rough wash cloth.

What is the best way for the nurse to assess the nutritional status of a patient with cancer?

weigh patient daily

A client with metastatic pancreatic cancer underwent surgery to remove a malignant tumor in the pancreas. Despite the tumor being removed, the physician informs the client that chemotherapy must be started. Why might the physician opt for chemotherapy?

To prevent metastasis

A bowel resection is scheduled for a client with the diagnosis of colon cancer with metastasis to the liver and bone. Which statement by the nurse best explains the purpose of the surgery?

Tumor removal will promote comfort."

Which of the following are true statements about effective radiation therapy? Select all that apply.

Tumors that are small in size and dividing rapidly are more sensitive. Slower-growing tissues at rest (muscle) are more radioresistant. Tumors that are well oxygenated are more sensitive to radiation.

During a client's examination and consultation, the physician keeps telling the client, "You have an abdominal neoplasm." Which statements accurately paraphrase the physician's statement? Select all that apply.

"You have an abdominal tumor." "You have a new growth of abnormal tissue in your abdomen."

A client without symptoms receives a diagnosis of prostate cancer after a routine physical. What factors contributed to this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

client history risk factors tumor markers

The nurse is preparing a teaching tool about alopecia caused by cancer treatment. Which information will the nurse emphasize in this tool? Select all that apply.

Cut long hair before treatment begins. Use a wide-tooth comb to style the hair. Avoid hair dyes or permanent wave solutions.

A nurse provides care on a bone marrow transplant unit and is preparing a client for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the following day. Which information should the nurse & emphasize to the client's family and friends

Do not visit if yoI've had a recent infection

A patient with cancer who developed neutropenia several days ago has consequently been placed in a single-bed room that has positive pressure. His daughter has just come to visit her father after arriving from her home in another state and has asked you for his room number. You notice that the daughter has reddened eyes, sniffles, and a dry cough. What instruction should you provide to the daughter?

Even though it might be difficult, it's best for your father's health if you get well before visiting him in person, since he's so vulnerable right now."

Chemotherapeutic agents have which effect associated with the renal system?

Increased uric acid excretion

A nurse is teaching a client about the rationale for administering allopurinol with chemotherapy. Which example would be the best teaching by the nurse?

It lowers serum and uric acid levels.

A decrease in circulating white blood cells (WBCs) is referred to as

Leukopenia

The nurse is assessing the diet of a female client. To decrease the risk of cancer in general, the nurse instructs the client to

Limit alcohol ingestion to one drink per day.

During a routine mammogram, a client asks the nurse whether breast cancer causes the most deaths. Which type of cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States?

Lung

A client newly diagnosed with cancer is scheduled to begin chemotherapy treatment and the nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about potential adverse effects. When addressing the most common adverse effect, what should the nurse describe?

Nausea and vomiting

A patient is taking vincristine, a plant alkaloid for the treatment of cancer. What system should the nurse be sure to assess for symptoms of toxicity?

Nervous system

Your patient is receiving carmustine, a chemotherapy agent. A significant side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. What symptom would the nurse assess for in a patient at risk for thrombocytopenia?

Nose bleed

A client has been hospitalized for a wedge resection of the left lower lung lobe after a routine chest x-ray showed carcinoma. The client reports feeling anxious and asks to smoke. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic?

You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?"

The nurse is providing an educational presentation on dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of cancer. Which of the following food selections would demonstrate a good understanding of the information provided in the presentation? Select all that apply.

Turkey breast on whole wheat bread Egg white omelet with spinach and mushrooms Steamed broccoli and carrots

A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with intracavitary radiation. The patient will emit radiation while the implant is in place. The nurse is aware of the precautions necessary for the provider of care and visitors. Which of the following are appropriate guidelines to follow? Select all that apply.

Visitors may stay for 30 minutes or less. Family members should stand about 6 feet from the patient.

A client received chemotherapy 24 hours ago. Which precautions are necessary when caring for the client?

Wear personal protective equipment when handling blood, body fluids, and feces.

When a client receives vincristine, an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA and protein synthesis, the client needs to be informed to report which symptoms that would be expected side effects of motor neuropathy? Select all that apply.

cramps and spasms in the legs loss of balance and coordination muscle weakness

To combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, a nurse should administer an

Antiemetic

Which procedure uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue, thereby destroying cells

Cryoablation

A patient is scheduled for cryoablation for cervical cancer and tells the nurse, "I am not exactly sure what the surgeon is going to do." What is the best response by the nurse?

The surgeon is going to use liquid nitrogen to freeze the area."

The clinic nurse is caring for an adult oncology client who reports extreme fatigue and weakness after the first week of radiation therapy. Which response by the nurse would best reassure this client?

These symptoms usually result from radiation therapy; however, we will continue to monitor your laboratory and X-ray studies.

A nurse is caring for a client with prostate cancer and assesses bleeding gums and hematuria. What serum indicator should the nurse relate the bleeding? L

platelet count of 60,000/mm3

A client has been diagnosed with a neoplasm and is seeking further information and possible treatment. The primary care physician described the neoplasm as "insidious." What does the word "insidious" mean?

slow-growing