SUTOUR QUIZ

1991

Richard Wood and David House publish "The Good Tourist," aiming to raise awareness among tourists about the potential negative impacts of their travel choices and encourage more responsible tourism practices.

Short-term Impacts

Temporary, do not have lasting effect on the affected place or person

1988

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) provides a formal definition of sustainable tourism

1. Enhance the well-being of the host community.

Tourism should contribute to improving the quality of life for local communities, providing economic opportunities, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting social inclusion.​

1994

Turner et al. presented a sustainability spectrum, ranging from very weak to very strong sustainability positions (Swarbrooke 1999).

2013

•The UN proposes a Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development After 2014, building upon the previous year's Rio+20 resolution.

1980

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) publishes the World Conservation Strategy (WCS). This strategy identifies poverty, population pressure, social inequity, and unsustainable trade practices as major drivers of habitat destruction.

1948

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is founded, aiming to promote a partnership between government and non-government organizations for conservation efforts.​

1972

The UN Conference on the Human Environment is held in Stockholm. The Club of Rome publishes "The Limits to Growth," examining the impact of economic growth on resource use and pollution, predicting the consequences of unchecked population growth and calling for a state of global equilibrium. This book, along with Paul Gilding's "The Great Disruption," raised awareness of the planet's finite resources and the need for sustainable practices.​

1998

The UNWTO publishes the "Guide for Local Authorities on Developing Sustainable Tourism," providing practical guidance for local governments to plan and implement sustainable tourism strategies. The guide showcases best practices and techniques to minimize negative environmental and socio-economic impacts of tourism at the local level.

2004

The UNWTO publishes the "Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations: A Guidebook," a comprehensive resource outlining indicators and measurement techniques to assess the sustainability of tourism destinations. The guidebook covers a wide range of sustainability issues, from resource management to cultural heritage preservation and economic leakage.

1992

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) is held in Rio de Janeiro Agenda 21, a global plan of action for sustainable development, is adopted, including a chapter on sustainable tourism. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Framework Convention on Climate Change are signed, addressing critical environmental challenges. Non-binding Forest Principles are established to promote sustainable forest management.

1982

The United Nations approves the World Charter for Nature

1995

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) holds the World Conference on Sustainable Tourism in Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain.

1961

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is established, dedicated to conserving nature and reducing the most pressing threats to the diversity of life on Earth.​

Sustainable Tourism

The concept of visiting a place as a tourist and trying to make only a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.

Indirect Impacts

Those that are acquired through intermediaries or a result of direct tourism impact, they are often less visible and more difficult to measure.

Economic Impacts

Tourism can create jobs, increase tax revenue, and boost investment. However, it can also lead to inflation, increased costs of living, and a reliance on foreign-owned businesses.

Environmental Impacts

Tourism can damage ecosystems, pollute water supplies, and increase waste generation. However, it can also lead to conservation efforts, environmental education, and the development of sustainable tourism practices.

Social Impacts

Tourism can improve infrastructure, provide access to education and healthcare, and promote cultural exchange. However, it can also lead to social disruption, crime, and prostitution.

Political Impacts

Tourism can increase government revenue, promote peace and stability, and strengthen international relations. However, it can also lead to corruption, political instability, and the loss of sovereignty.

Cultural Impacts

Tourism can promote cultural preservation, revitalize traditional crafts and arts, and foster understanding between different cultures. However, it can also lead to the commercialization of culture, the loss of traditional values, and the homogenization of cultures.

Quantitative impacts

•Impacts that can be measured and expressed numerically, such as the amount of tax collected from tourism businesses, the number of people employed by tourism, and the length of roads constructed as part of a program to make a place accessible to tourists.

1993

UNEP and the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives published the "Tourism and Local Agenda 21: The Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable Tourism." UNWTO published the "Global Code of Ethics for Tourism." It is a comprehensive set of principles which are designed to guide the main stakeholders in tourism development, namely, governments, the travel industry, local communities, and tourists.

United Nations Environment Programme

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF UNEP

International Union for Conservation of Nature

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF IUCN

Philippines Strategy for Sustainable Development

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF PSSD

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF UNESCO

1989

WHAT YEAR DID THE CABINET APPROVED THE PSSD

1987

WHEN WAS PHILIPPINES DEVELOP ITS OWN SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY?

Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development

aimed to achieve economic growth while ensuring the protection of the country's natural resources, ecosystems, and environmental quality.​

Perceived Impacts

are based on people's opinions and beliefs, which can be influenced by their social status, worldview, educational attainment, culture, and whether they work directly or indirectly in tourism.

Cumulative Impacts

are those accumulated over time, result on ongoing tourism development and often difficult to identify and attribute to the aspect of tourism activities

1968

The Club of Rome is established, commissioning a study to model and analyze the dynamic interactions between industrial production, population, environmental damage, food consumption, and natural resource usage.

1970

The First Earth Day is proclaimed, marking a growing global awareness of environmental concerns and the need for sustainable solutions.

1971

The Founex Report on Development and Environment calls for integrating environment and development strategies. René Dubos and Barbara Ward publish "Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet"

Economic Impacts Environmental Impacts Social Impacts Cultural Impacts Political Impacts

5 Scope of Tourism Impacts

1. Is the area safe?​​ 2. Are the attractions unique?​​ 3. Do the attractions have social and cultural value?​​ 4. Is it accessible?​​ 5. Is there political support?​​ 6. Is the community supportive of the project?​​ 7. Are there sources of funds for the project?​​ 8. Are there available utilities and infrastructure?​​ 9. Are there onsite facilities?​​ 11. Is the area open for tourism development?​​ 12. Is the quality of the area conducive for tourism development?

Requisites for Sustainable Tourism​

Environmental Conservation

Sustainable tourism aims to protect the environment from the negative impacts of tourism activities.

Social Equity

Sustainable tourism promotes social equity by respecting local traditions, protecting indigenous communities, and preventing the exploitation of vulnerable groups.

1. No poverty 2. Zero Hunger 3. Good health and well-being 4. Quality Education 5. Gender Equality 6. Clean Water and Sanitation 7. Affordable and Clean Energy 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure 10. Reduced Inequalities 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities 12. Responsible Consumption and Production 13. Climate Action 14. Life Below water 15. Life on Land 16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions 17. Partnerships for the Goals

17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS of 2030

Chain Reaction

Are those rippled through the various aspect of the social, causing a series of interconnected changes.

Economic Prosperity

Sustainable tourism seeks to generate economic benefits for local communities, businesses, and the overall economy.

1997

Delegates to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The protocol recognizes the potential impact of tourism on climate change and the need for sustainable tourism practices. The UN issues the Berlin Declaration on Biological Diversity Sustainable Tourism, outlining principles for sustainable tourism development in vulnerable ecosystems and protected areas. The declaration emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, community engagement, and the use of environmentally sound technologies in tourism practices.

Economic Perspective Government Perspective Local Community Perspective Environmentalist Perspective

Different Perspective in Tourism Impacts

1989

Edward Barbier, Anil Markandya, and David Pearce publish "Blueprint for a Green Economy" advocating for a more comprehensive valuation of environmental resources and the integration of environmental costs into economic decision-making.

4. Adopt adequate management and monitoring measures.

Effective management and monitoring mechanisms are essential to ensure sustainable tourism practices are implemented and maintained.​

•Stage of tourism development •Net benefits •Socioeconomic factors •Quality of life •Community development •Emotional solidarity

FACTORS AFFECTING PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACTS

1969

Friends of the Earth forms, dedicated to protecting the planet from environmental degradation and empowering citizens to have a say in environmental decisions.

1973

George Young publishes "Tourism: Blessing or Blight," highlighting the negative impacts of tourism on destinations.

Economic Prosperity Social Equity Environmental Conservation

Goals of Sustainable Tourism​

1954

Harrison Brown's "The Challenge of Man's Future" introduces themes that would later become central to sustainable development.​

3. Recognize the importance of product quality and tourist satisfaction.

High-quality tourism products, including hospitality services, contribute to visitor satisfaction and the economic success of tourism businesses.​

Reversible impacts

Impacts that can be mitigated or corrected within a short period of time.

Qualitative impacts

Impacts that can only be observed and described, such as the effects of tourism on social relationships and the effect of tourism experiences on an individual's self-esteem.

Sustainable Tourism

It is the process used to create a tourism organization workplace with particular concern for environmental issues​.

Poverty Hunger Education Gender Equality Child Health Maternal Health Environmental Sustainability Global Partnership

MDG EIGHT PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

1. Enhance the well-being of the host community. 2. Protect and enhance the natural and cultural resources. 3. Recognize the importance of product quality and tourist satisfaction. 4. Adopt adequate management and monitoring measures.

Principles of Sustainable Tourism

1962

Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" highlights the interconnectedness of environment, economy, and social well-being, emphasizing the harmful effects of insecticides on ecology and human health.​

2. Protect and enhance the natural and cultural resources.

Sustainable tourism should safeguard the natural environment and cultural heritage of destinations, minimizing negative impacts and promoting conservation efforts.

Actual Impacts

are backed up by hard data, such as the number of jobs created, the amount of investment generated, and the number of tourist arrivals.

Irreversible impact

impacts that cannot be corrected or mitigated, or that will take a very long time to recover from

Sustainable Tourism

is a form of tourism that aims to minimize its negative impact on the environment and local communities while maximizing.

Sustainable Tourism

is based on the principles of ecology. It is based on 'minimizing adverse impacts on landscapes, water resources, habitats and species while supporting social and economic development.

Long-term Impacts

persist for years or even generations, they are often irreversible and have a significant impact that affects the sector or the stakeholders.

Tourism Impact

refers to the effects brought about directly or indirectly by tourism activities, including tourism policies, tourism establishments and infrastructure, and tourist behavior. These effects can be positive or negative and can range in scope from influencing local culture to affecting the natural environment.

Policymakers

should consider the needs and concerns of all stakeholders, including both those who benefit from tourism and those who are negatively affected by it.

Tourism businesses

should develop strategies to minimize the negative impacts of their operations and to maximize the benefits for the local community.

Direct Impacts

those immediate and stem directly from tourism activities, they are most direct and measurable effect.

Immediate Impacts

typically, as result of a single event, they are also often lived and reversible.

2014

•The 2014 UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Aichi-Nagoya marks the end of the UN Decade of ESD (2005-2014) and launches the Global Action Programme (GAP) on ESD. •Under the theme "Learning Today for a Sustainable Future," the conference celebrates the Decade's achievements, identifies lessons learned, and sets the stage for the future of ESD.

2001

•The Convention on Biological Diversity, UNEP, and the UNWTO publish the document "Biological Diversity and Sustainable Tourism," recognizing that tourism, as a biodiversity-dependent industry, has a responsibility to protect and conserve the planet's biological diversity. The document outlines guidelines for achieving mutually supportive goals between tourism and biodiversity conservation.

2000

•The UN Millennium Summit shifts the focus of development to poverty reduction and addressing multiple deprivations. The UN Millennium Declaration establishes the now-famous Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), comprising eight primary objectives aimed at improving human well-being and achieving sustainable development. •With poverty becoming a top global concern, pro-poor tourism research emerges as a critical area of study, spearheaded by the Pro-poor Tourism Partnership in the United Kingdom. This research focuses on how tourism can be designed and implemented to alleviate poverty and empower marginalized communities.

2005

•The UNWTO launches the "Sustainable Tourism - Eliminating Poverty" initiative, focusing on harnessing the potential of tourism to contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable development in developing countries. •The UNWTO and UNEP publish "Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers," outlining a three-step approach to achieving sustainable tourism: 1.Optimize environmental resource use while preserving essential ecological processes and contributing to biodiversity conservation. 2.Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, protect their cultural heritage and traditional values, and promote understanding and tolerance. 3.Ensure viable, long-term economic operations that provide fair and equitable socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders, including stable employment, income-earning opportunities, and social services for host communities, and contribute to poverty alleviation.

1999

•The UNWTO publishes the "Global Code of Ethics for Tourism," providing a comprehensive set of ethical principles to guide the behavior and business practices of various tourism stakeholders, including governments, local communities, the tourism industry, and visitors. This code serves as an example of a voluntary implementation mechanism to promote responsible tourism practices. •The UNWTO also produces the "Sustainable Development of Tourism - An Annotated Bibliography," reviewing nearly 100 books and over 250 articles on sustainable tourism, demonstrating the growing body of knowledge and interest in this area.

2006

•The UNWTO publishes the "Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers," providing practical guidance for policymakers and tourism stakeholders on developing and implementing sustainable tourism policies and practices. The guide emphasizes the need for integrated and collaborative approaches to achieve sustainable tourism goals. •Al Gore publishes "An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It," a book and documentary addressing the issue of global warming and its potential consequences. Gore argues that global warming is a human-caused crisis that requires urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. •Gore emphasizes the potential catastrophic impacts of global warming, including the collapse of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, leading to significant sea level rise and the displacement of millions of people. He also warns of potential disruptions to ocean currents, which could cause colder climates in regions like Northern Europe.

2012

•The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) is held in Rio de Janeiro, marking the 20th anniversary of the 1992 Earth Summit. Rio+20 also initiates the development of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a successor framework to the Millennium Development Goals. •The conference concludes with the adoption of guidelines on green economy policies, international commitments to sustainable development financing, strengthening of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), research on new measures of progress beyond GDP, and a 10-year framework for sustainable consumption and production patterns.

1996

•The United Nations publishes "A Practical Guide for the Development and Application of Indicators of Sustainable Tourism." This guide provides a framework for measuring and evaluating the sustainability of tourism practices, enabling stakeholders to assess progress and make informed decisions.

2008

•The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) publishes "Climate Change and Tourism - Responding to Global Challenges," highlighting the impacts of climate change on the tourism industry and the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies.

2003

•The World Tourism Organization (WTO) issues the Djerba Declaration on Tourism and Climate Change, recognizing the urgent need for the tourism industry to address and adapt to the challenges posed by climate change. The declaration calls for concerted action from tourism organizations at all levels to reduce the sector's carbon footprint and promote sustainable tourism practices.