Sweat Glands

Perspiration

99% water pH ranging 4-6 cont. acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth usually happens as fast as it is produced (insensible perspiration)

Sex Pheromones

Chemicals that exert subtle effects on the sexual behavior and physiology of other people

Sudoriferous glands (Sweat glands)

Consists of two kinds: Apocrine Merocrine

Bromhidrosis

Disagreeable body odor the bacteria degrades the secretion and release free fatty acids with a rancid odor occasionally metabolic disorder Generally hygiene related

sympathetic nervous system

Overheating activates what system?

Sweat production

Protein filled fluids filters from the blood capillaries into the lumen of the gland NaCl is reabsorbed from the filtrate as it is passed up the duct some remains with K+, urea, lactic acid and ammonia some drugs excreted from here (merocrine) excretes some of the waste from the kidney

Merocrine gland

Simple tubular gland with a twisted coil in the dermis or hypodermis an undulating or coiled duvt leading to a sweat pore on the skin surface Duct is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium in the dermis and by keratinocytes in the epidermis

lumen

The what part in the secretory part of the apocrine gland have that is much larger than of a merocrine gland?

Deep secretory portion of the gland

Where does the sweat production begin?

they do not use apocrine mode for secretion, rather through Exocytosis (same as merocrine glands)

Why are apocrine glands misnamed?

Cutaneous transpiration

a significant amount of water is lost by diffusing between the keratinocytes and evaporating from the skin surface

Secretion of sebaceous glands

consists of: Broken down cells that are replaced by mitosis at the base of the gland Sebum keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle and cracked

Myoepithelial cells

in both merocrine and apocrine glands founds in the secretory cells at the deep end of the gland Contractile properties, sympathetic nervous system stimulates them to contract, squeeze at the base of the gland and force perspiration up the duct (overheating, nervousness, arousal)

Apocrine Sweat Gland

in women, these glands enlarge and shrink in phase with the menstrual cycle their function is to secrete sex pheromones it is considered attractive or arousing in some cultures / perfume Clothing traps it, causing a malodorous scent Bromhidrosis

Mammary glands

milk producing glands modified apocrine glands - produce a richer secretion and channel it through ducts to a nipple mammary ridges / milk lines (mammals) If humans develop this along the milk like (more nipples) - polythelia

Ceruminous gland

modified apocrine glands found only in the external ear canal yellow, waxy secretion combines within sebum and dead epidermal cells to from cerumen Coiled, simple tubular glands with ducts leading to the hair follicles or the skin surface Cerumen keeps ear pliable, waterproof, kills bacteria, blocking foreign particles from entering

Apocrine sweat gland

occur in groin, anal region, axilla, areola and in mature males, the beard area the sweat is more thick and milky than merocrine because it has more fatty acids

Sebaceous glands

oily secretion (sebum) Holocrine glands with little visible lumen flask shaped with short ducts - usu. open into the hair follicle Some open directly to the surface

Merocrine gland (eccerine)

over the entire body mostly abundant on the palms, soles and forehead PRIMARY FUNCTION = COOL BODY

Apocrine sweat gland

responds to stress and sexual stimulation Not active until puberty